Ihhovisi Eliyindida Elingasebenzisi Phepha

Uhlelo lokugcina lwalesi sihloko lwanyatheliswa emakhasini angu-11 ephepha elivamile.a Lapho sihlelwa, sanyatheliswa izikhathi ezingu-20. Ekugcineni, sathunyelwa emaqenjini abahumushi angaba ngu-80 emhlabeni wonke, kwathi ngemva kwalokho iqembu ngalinye lanyathelisa izinhlelo zaso zokuhumusha ezingaba yisithupha. Sekukonke, lesi sihloko sadla amaphepha angaphezu kuka-5 000 ngaphambi kokuba sifike ngisho nasemishinini yokunyathelisa!

LA MAQINISO aziphikisa ngempela izibikezelo abathile abazenza lapho kuqala inkathi yama-computer—zokuthi kwakuseduze ukuba sibe “nehhovisi elingasebenzisi phepha.” Encwadini yakhe ethi The Third Wave, umbikezeli wekusasa u-Alvin Toffler waze wathi ‘ukwenza amakhophi ephepha anoma yini kuyindlela eyisidala yokusebenzisa imishini yokubhala futhi kubhuntshisa injongo yayo.’ Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho i-International Business Machines Corporation yenza i-computer yayo yokuqala ngo-1981, yakhetha ukungawenzi umshini wokunyathelisa. Abanye bathi le nkampani yayinomuzwa wokuthi abantu abasebenzisa ama-computer babeyokujabulela ukufunda ukwaziswa kuyi-computer ngokwayo. Noma kunjalo, abanye babephupha “ngenjabulo yokungalisebenzisi iphepha”—bethi maduzane iphepha lalizoba yinto eyisidala engasizi ngalutho.

Izithembiso Zemishini Engalisebenzisi Iphepha Ziqhathaniswa Namaqiniso

Nokho, empeleni imishini okwakufanele inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwephepha ehhovisi iye yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Empeleni, abanye babonisa ukuthi iphepha elisetshenziswayo liye landa eminyakeni yamuva nje. UScott McCready, umhlaziyi we-International Data Corporation, uthi: “Ngokwenza amahhovisi ethu ukuba abe nemishini ezisebenzelayo siye sandisa ikhono lethu lokukhiqiza iphepha ngesilinganiso esandayo esingamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-25 ngonyaka.” Ama-computer, imishini yokunyathelisa, ye-fax, i-E-mail, imishini yokwenza amakhophi ne-Internet kuye kwakwandisa ngokumangalisayo ukwaziswa abantu abaningi abakutholayo—bese bekunyathelisa—nsuku zonke. Ngokwe-CAP Ventures, Inc., emhlabeni wonke, ngo-1998, kwakunemishini yokunyathelisa eyizigidi ezingu-218, imishini ye-fax eyizigidi ezingu-69, imishini eyenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyizigidi ezingu-22 (ehlanganisa umshini wokunyathelisa, i-scanner nomshini wokwenza amakhophi emshinini owodwa), ama-scanner ayizigidi ezingu-16 nemishini yokwenza amakhophi eyizigidi ezingu-12.

Encwadini yakhe yango-1990 ethi Powershift, uToffler walinganisela ukuthi ngonyaka owodwa elase-United States likhiqiza izincwadi eziyizigidi zezigidi ezingu-1,3—ezingendlalwa zigcwale iGrand Canyon izikhathi ezingu-107! Ngokwemibiko, la manani ayanda. Ngokomunye umthombo, ngo-1995 elase-United States lalikhiqiza izincwadi eziyizigidi ezingu-600 ngosuku—ezanele ukugcwalisa idilowa elingamakhilomitha angu-270 ubude. Njengoba unyaka ka-2000 usondela, abukho ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi lesi simo siyashintsha; ukwaziswa okuningi kusanyatheliswa ephepheni.

Okwenza Ukuba Iphepha Lisetshenziswe Njalo

Zaphelelaphi izibikezelo zokuthi imishini yayizothatha indawo yephepha? Inkampani i-International Paper iyaqagela, ithi: “Abantu abafuni ukuthola ukwaziswa kalula nje. Bafuna ukukubona ezandleni zabo. Bafuna ukukwazi ukuphatha nokusonga amaphepha; bawathumele ngomshini we-fax, benze amakhophi futhi babhekisele kuwo; babhale eceleni noma balinameke esiqandisini emakhaya abo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, bafuna nokuwanyathelisa lawo makhophi—ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwephutha futhi abe nemibala egqamile.”

Kumelwe kuvunywe ukuthi iphepha linezinzuzo ezithile. Liphatheka kalula, alibizi, lihlala isikhathi eside, kulula ukuligcina futhi lingagaywa kabusha. Kulula futhi nokulifunda—uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi ukuliphi ikhasi nokuthi mangaki amakhasi asasele. UDan Cox, ummeleli wenkampani ethengisa izinto zasemahhovisi, uthi: “Abantu bayalithanda iphepha. Bafuna ukulizwa ezandleni zabo.” UJerry Mallory, umhlaziyi wamarekhodi osebenza e-Arizona Department of Libraries, Archives and Public Records, uthi: “Siye sabona abantu bezama ukwenza amahhovisi angalisebenzisi iphepha. Kodwa wonke ama-computer ayizinkulungwane esiwabonayo anento eyodwa afana ngayo: Wonke axhunywe okungenani emshinini owodwa wokunyathelisa.”

Okunye ukuthi inkawu ayiwulahli umsila wayo. Abantu abanamabhizinisi namuhla bafundiswa besebancane ukufunda ephepheni. Incwadi noma i-E-mail inganyatheliswa ngokucindezela inkinobho eyodwa emshinini bese umnikazi eyifunda lapho esenethuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi ngaleso sikhathi. Umuntu angafundela umsebenzi osephepheni elinyathelisiwe ezindaweni eziningi ama-computer angenakufinyelela kuzo—embhedeni noma egumbini lokugeza noma ebhishi!

Esinye isici siwukuthi: Ama-computer aye akwenza kwaba lula ngabantu ukukhiqiza imibhalo eyayikhiqizwa abanyathelisi abangochwepheshe kuphela ngaphambili. Amakhophi anemibala, izinhlelo zokulotshiwe nemibiko, kanye nezincwadi ezinezithombe, amashadi, amagrafu, amakhadi ebhizinisi namaposikhadi angakhiqizwa ngaphandle kokushikashikeka. Ikhono elinjalo lemishini lenza abantu bafise ukuzenzela mathupha. Ngakho ngemva kokuba osebenzisa i-computer esenyathelise akubhalile, angase afune ukushintsha umbhalo nendlela awuklame ngayo abese ewunyathelisa futhi. Lokhu kungase kuphindaphindwe, bese kudingeka ukuba akunyathelise futhi!

I-Internet nayo iye yaba nengxenye kulesi simo ngokuvulela abantu umnyango omkhulu wokwaziswa.b Ngokungenakugwenywa, lokhu kubangela ukusetshenziswa kwephepha okukhulu, ngoba abantu abasebenzisa i-Internet bavame ukunyathelisa ukwaziswa abakutholé lapho becwaninga.

Akumelwe lishalazelwe neqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo ze-computer eziningi ezikhona manje zidinga izincwadi zeziyalezo ezengeziwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-computer okusakazekile kuye kwaletha insada yezincwadi nezincwadi zama-computer.

Kumelwe futhi kuvunywe ukuthi ukufunda emshinini—ikakhulukazi kuma-computer amadala—kunezithiyo. Abanye abawasebenzisayo basakhononda ngobuhlungu bamehlo. Kanti-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi ikhono lemishini emidala lokuveza izithombe ezicacile kungadingeka lithuthukiswe izikhathi eziyishumi ukuze lezo zithombe zicace kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabanye, isicucu sephepha singabonakala sibaluleke kakhulu—sitholakala ngokushesha futhi sinethonya elikhulu—kunento oyibona emshinini. Kubonakala sengathi umbhalo onyathelisiwe ufakazela umsebenzi nomzamo umuntu awenzile, kuwenza uphatheke. Umbhalo ongokoqobo onikezwa umphathi noma ikhasimende ungase unakwe futhi uphendulwe ngokushesha kunomyalezo othunyelwe ngomshini.

Ekugcineni, abantu abaningi besaba ukuthi bangalahlekelwa ukwaziswa kwabo. Futhi ukwesaba okunjalo kuyezwakala. Naphezu kwezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugcina ukwaziswa ezikhona manje, amagama ayigugu okuchithwé amahora amaningi ebhalwa angase acisheke ngenxa nje yenkinga kagesi, ukonakala kwe-disk noma ukushaya inkinobho okungeyona. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuphephile ukusebenzisa iphepha. Ngokuthakazelisayo, abanye ochwepheshe bathi amarekhodi e-computer angafundeka isikhathi esincane kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa neqiniso lokuthi uma lingena-asidi, iphepha lingahlala iminyaka ephakathi kwengu-200 nengu-300. Yiqiniso, ukwaziswa okugcinwe kuyi-computer akusheshi konakale. Kodwa ezobuchwepheshe zithuthuka ngokushesha. Futhi njengoba izinhlelo nemishini yama-computer kuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi kulahlwa, kungase kube nzima nakakhulu ukufunda amarekhodi e-computer amadala.

Ngakho, ukuthi isifiso sehhovisi elingasebenzisi phepha siyofezeka yini noma cha kusazobonakala. Okwamanje, ngokwenkulumo eyasetshenziswa uMark Twain, kusobala ukuthi imibiko yokufa kwephepha iyihaba elikhulu.

Ingabe Siyozigawula Zonke Izihlahla?

Iphepha elingakanani elingenziwa ngesihlahla esisodwa? Nakuba kunezici eziningi ezihilelekile—njengobukhulu besihlahla nokuthi siwuhlobo luni kanye nohlobo nesisindo sephepha—kulinganiselwa ukuthi isihlahla se-pulpwood esisodwa cishe senza amakhasi angu-12 000 ephepha elivamile lokubhalela noma lokunyathelisa. Noma kunjalo, iphepha eliningi elisetshenziswa manje libangela ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ingabe sizobhekana nenhlekelele engokwemvelo?

Abakhiqizi bephepha bathi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngale ndaba. Baphawula ukuthi iphepha eliningi—elingamaphesenti angu-50 kwamanye amazwe—lenziwa ngezingcezu zezinkuni, okuwumkhiqizo olahlwa yizinkampani zamapulangwe obungeke usetshenziswe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba izingcezu zezinkuni zibola, zikhipha i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa ebangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngakho abakhiqizi bephepha basebenzisa lezi zingcezu ngokunenzuzo. Nokho, amaqembu ezemvelo nawabathengi asola izinkampani zephepha ngokuthi zibangela ukungcola komoya futhi zilimaza amahlathi. La maqembu athi izinto zokubasa ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni imikhiqizo zikhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa! Aveza nokuthi njengoba iphepha elilahliwe libola, lokhu kubangela amagesi engeziwe abamba ukushisa.

Noma kunjalo, ukucwaninga kwe-World Business Council for Sustainable Development kwaphetha ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuba kukhiqizwe iphepha elidingekayo ngaphandle kokuqothula imithombo yomhlaba. Isizathu siwukuthi izihlahla ziphinde zikhule, kanti iphepha lingagaywa futhi. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kucwaninga kwagcizelela ukuthi “kuzodingeka kwenziwe ezinye izinguquko ezinqubweni zezimboni engxenyeni ngayinye yomjikelezo wokukhiqizwa kwephepha—ukunakekelwa kwamahlathi, ukukhiqizwa kwenkafunkafu yezihlahla nephepha, ukusetshenziswa kwephepha, ukugaya iphepha kabusha, ukulondoloza amandla kagesi nokulahlwa kwalo ekugcineni.” Zizama ukukhiqiza inkafunkafu ekahle nethengisekayo, izimboni zephepha zicabangela ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ezinjengokolweni, izihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha, ummbila namahlamvu ensangu. Kusazobonakala ukuthi lezi zinqumo ziyosetshenziswa kangakanani—nokuthi ziyophumelela yini.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 27]

Indlela Yokunciphisa Iphepha Elisetshenziswa Ehhovisi

✔ Nyathelisa izinto ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Bukeza futhi ushintshe imibhalo emshinini. Nciphisa inani lamaphepha nezinhlelo zokubhaliwe ozenzayo.

✔ Lapho wenza imibhalo enendaba eningi, sebenzisa amagama amancane kodwa afundekayo.

✔ Uma umshini wakho wokunyathelisa unyathelisa ikhasi lokuhlola lapho uqala ukusebenza noma lapho unyathelisa okuthile, ushintshe ungabe usakwenza lokho.

✔ Lisebenzisele ezinye izinto iphepha elilahliwe.

✔ Ngaphambi kokulahla iphepha elibhalwe ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, ligcine ukuze ulisebenzise kamuva, noma ubhale kulo izinto ohlela ukuzibhala.

✔ Uma kunokwenzeka, nyathelisa nhlangothi zombili zephepha.

✔ Uma okulotshiwe kufanele kufundwe yibo bonke ehhovisi, zama ukukuthumela kubo bonke kunokuba wenzele umuntu ngamunye ikhophi.

✔ Thumela imiyalezo ye-fax nge-computer yakho ngokuqondile ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa iphepha. Lapho kufanele uthumele i-fax ngephepha, yonga iphepha ngokuthi ungalisebenzisi ikhasi eliyisembozo.

✔ Gwema ukunyathelisa imiyalezo ye-E-mail ngokungadingekile.

[Isithombe ekhasini 24]

Abanye baveza ukuthi yona kanye imishini obekufanele inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwephepha ehhovisi iye yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo

[Isithombe ekhasini 26]

Ngezinye izikhathi, kulula ukusebenzisa iphepha kune-computer