Ukufuna Izindlela Eziphephe Kangcono Zokuhamba Ngendiza

EMASONTWENI ambalwa nje ngaphambi kuka-September 11, u-Alex wayenomuzwa wokuthi useyakunqoba ukwesaba ukuhamba ngendiza. Njengoba indiza ayeyigibele yayisuka e-Athens iya eBoston, kwaphela nasozwaneni kule menenja yomnyango wezindaba zomphakathi eneminyaka engu-42 ubudala—inhliziyo yashaya ngamandla, izandla nesiphongo kwamfoma.

Kodwa yayikwazi okufanele ikwenze. Udokotela owayezama ukuyisiza inqobe ukwesaba ukuhamba ngendiza wayethe ayibodonsa umoya, icabange izinto ezinhle, isibambe ngqi isihlalo, isidedele kane ngomzuzu. Ngenkathi ukuxukuzeka nemisindo eyesabisayo sekungaphezu kwamandla akhe, u-Alex wazicabanga esechibini elingenamsindo. “Ngacabanga ukuthi sengiyakunqoba ngempela ukwesaba,” kusho u-Alex.

Izigidi zabagibeli bezindiza bezikwesaba ukuhamba ngezindiza. Eminyakeni yamuva abaningi baye basizwa izikole zabantu abesaba ukuhamba ngendiza, ngokuvamile begqugquzelwa amalungu omkhaya, abaqashi, nezinkampani zezindiza, bonke abasuke benezizathu zokufuna ukuba bahambe ngendiza. La makilasi ábasiza abagibeli abaningi; amaningi ayeziqhenya ngokuthi asize abantu abangamaphesenti angu-90 baphumelela.

Kodwa u-September 11 wakushintsha konke lokho. U-Alex wayeka ngaso leso sikhathi ekilasini. Futhi okwadumaza umqashi wakhe ukuthi akabange esahamba ukuyobonana nomuntu owayezoba ikhasimende eliqavile. U-Alex wathi: “Ngangingeke ngilunge uma sekuzohlasela amaphekula kanti vele ngiyesaba ukuhamba ngendiza. Ukwelashwa engikutholile akungihlomiselanga ukubhekana nalokho.”

Ezokuphepha Zibhekwa Ngeso Elibukhali

Abagibeli abanovalo baveza ukuthi imibuzo ehlale ibuzwa abagibeli yabuzwa nalabo ababezothumba indiza ngo-September 11, imibuzo enjengothi: “Ukhona yini umuntu ongamazi okubambise into ethile kule ndiza? Zikhona yini izimpahla ezike zasuka phambi kwamehlo akho ngemva kokuba uzipakishile?” Akungabazeki ukuthi abathumbi bayiphendula njengabantu abaningi le mibuzo, bathi: “Cha!” Abanye ochwepheshe bezokuphepha nabo bathi ukuphumelela kwabathumbi ukugibela endizeni kuyinkomba yokunganakwa kwezokuphepha endizeni. “Akukho muntu futhi akukho lutho olwalungaphoqelela izinguquko,” kusho uJim McKenna, owayephethe i-Aviation Safety Alliance. “Ukuthunjwa nokuphahlazeka kwezindiza ezine, nokufa kwezinkulungwane zabantu, yiko okungase kuphoqelele lezo zinguquko.”

Ngenxa yalokho kuphahlazeka okwabulala abantu, udaba lokuphepha ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasezindizeni selubhekwe ngeso elibukhali. Phambi kwekomiti eyayidingida lolu daba, umphathi woMnyango Wezokuthutha Wase-United States uKenneth M. Mead wathi: “Naphezu kwemithetho yokuphepha ebilokhu ikhona nemisha kusenamaphutha athusayo kwezokuphepha . . . nezintuba okudingeka zivalwe.” Yini eyenziwayo ukuze kuvalwe lezo zintuba?

Ukuhlola Izinto Ezingase Zibe Usongo Kwezokuphepha

Lapho umphathi wezokuphepha enkampanini enkulu yezindiza yase-United States ebuzwa ukuthi uyesaba yini ukuhamba ngendiza, uphendula ngokungananazi: “Cha, ngiyayethemba i-CAPS.” Ukhuluma ngohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Computer Assisted Passenger Screening, olubhala phansi ithikithi ngalinye elithengiswe izinkampani ezilusebenzisayo. Lolu hlelo lubonisa ukuthi ithikithi lathengwa ehhovisi lamathikithi lenkampani yezindiza noma enkampanini ethengela abantu amathikithi okuhamba noma nge-Internet. Lubhala neminye imininingwane enjengokuthi umgibeli uhamba yedwa yini noma uhamba nomkhaya wakhe noma nabangane bakhe, kuhlanganise nezenzo zobugebengu azenza noma ukuganga ezindizeni, ukuphatha kabi izisebenzi noma ukuganga ngezinto ezisendizeni.

Njalo nje lapho umgibeli engena esikhumulweni sezindiza, le mininingwane iyahlolwa bese kufakwa emisha, ehlanganisa nezimpendulo zakhe zemibuzo ayibuziwe. Indlela eqondile yokuqoqwa kwemininingwane nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo iyimfihlo okufanele inkampani yezindiza iyiphathise okwezikhali zamaNtungwa. Emhlabeni jikelele kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-CAPS, ezinye ezixhumene ngokuqondile namaphoyisa kahulumeni walelo zwe nawakwamanye amazwe, njenge-Interpol. Ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziningi eYurophu, izinhlelo zokuhlola izincwadi zokungena kwelinye izwe zikwazi ukugcina nokulandelela ukuthi umuntu uhambe wayaphi futhi nini.

Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngoba kuthiwa abantu abakhohlakele yibo abangaba usongo kakhulu kwezokuphepha kunemithwalo nezikhwama eziseshiwe. Ngakho ukuze kuphephe nakakhulu ezikhumulweni zezindiza, imishini ehlukahlukene yokuhlola izici ezakha umuntu ngamunye namakhadi epulasitiki agcina imininingwane enjenge-akhawunti yasebhange kuyizinto okucatshangelwa ukuba zisetshenziswe noma esezisetshenziswa kakade.

Ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa abagibeli, ukufuna izindlela zokuvimbela izinto eziyingozi zingangeni endizeni kungenye into ebalulekile kwezokuphepha esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ukusesha ngemishini ye-X-ray kunezako izihibe. Izisebenzi zokuphepha esikhumulweni sezindiza zikuthola kunzima ukuhlala ziphapheme isikhathi eside ngoba ukubuka izithombe ze-X-ray ezingacacile kahle zemithwalo elokhu idlula phambi kwamehlo azo kukhathaza ingqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini yokuhlola izinto eziyinsimbi ilokhu ihlaba umkhosi ongekho, kanti izwa okhiye bendlu, imali ewuhlweza namakhongco amabhande.

Imithetho Eqinile Kunangaphambili

Ngenxa yalezi zihibe, ohulumeni baye babeka imithetho yezokuphepha eqine nakakhudlwana ezikhumulweni zezindiza. E-United States lokhu kusho ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2002 ngeke kusaba nezikhwama ezifakwa endizeni engakagibeli umninizo, kuzohlolisiswa izimpahla umuntu angena nazo, kuhlolwe nazo zonke izikhwama ebesezike zahlolwa kubhekwe ukuthi azikho yini iziqhumane. Izicabha zegumbi lomshayeli zenziwa ziqine nakakhulu futhi zihluthulelwe. Izisebenzi zasezindizeni zithola ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi zenzenjani uma kuhlaselwa. Sekukhona nonogada abahlomile ezindizeni ezithwala abantu.

Emasontweni nasezinyangeni ezalandela u-September 11, abagibeli babephuthazwa, nezimpahla zivulwa ziseshwe ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziningi emhlabeni wonke. Ngezinye izikhathi abagibeli nezimpahla babeseshwa kabili. Abantu baseYurophu sebezijwayele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifuze lezi, ngoba zaqala ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi ngawo-1970 ngesikhathi ukuthunjwa kwezindiza kudlangile. Abagibeli abasavunyelwe ukuphatha izinto ezicijile ezindizeni. Ngabagibeli abanamathikithi kuphela abavunyelwayo ukudlula konogada. Abaningi sebejwayele ukubona imigqa emide okuseshwa kuyo abantu nezimpahla namasosha ahlomile ezikhumulweni zezindiza.

Kuyaqikelelwa Ukuthi Zigcinwa Zisesimweni Esikahle

Ake ubone ngeso lengqondo lokhu okuvame ukwenzeka: Ngemva komzukuzuku wokudlula ezindaweni okuseshwa kuzo abantu nezimpahla esikhumulweni sezindiza, umgibeli ugcina efikile lapho ezogibelela khona, alinde ukuzwa isimemezelo sokuthi sebengagibela. “Uzwile?” kusho umgibeli ogqoke isudi empunga oseceleni kwakhe. “Kuthiwa indiza inenkinga ethile.” Uphefumulela phezulu abese ethi: “Ngithemba ukuthi ngeke basihambise ngendiza engenanjini!”

Abagibeli abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza zinezinhlelo zokuhlola izindiza ngendlela ecophelelayo. Izinto ezidinga ukulungiswa ziyaziwa ngoba kubhekwa incwadi okubhalwa kuyo yonke imininingwane ephathelene nohambo indiza eluthathile. Eqinisweni lezo zinkampani zifuna ukuba izindiza nezinjini zazo zilungiswe nakanjani njalo ngezikhathi ezihleliwe—eziba ziningi kakhulu kunezemoto evamile—ngisho noma leyo ndiza ingakaze ibe ngisho nanencane inkinga.

Umphathi wabalungisi bezindiza enkampanini enkulu uyakufakazela lokhu. Uthi: “Sengizohlanganisa iminyaka engu-15 kule nkampani, kodwa angikaze ngibone muntu futhi ngikhulume namuntu olungisa izindiza owayengenandaba nokuphepha. Angithi phela abangane nemikhaya yalezi zisebenzi nayo ihamba ngalezi zindiza ezizilungisayo, ngakho aziyekeleli.”

Umthwalo omkhulu usemahlombe omakhenikha bezindiza nezisebenzi ezilungisa izindiza. Omunye wabo uyakhumbula: “Angisoze ngakhohlwa mhla kuphahlazeka iDC-10 eSioux City, e-Iowa. Ngangiwumakhenikha wezindiza ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kwakufanele ngihlole, ngisevise nengaphakathi lomsila wezindiza zohlobo lwale eyayiphahlazekile. Sasingazi ukuthi kwakwenzekeni ngempela kule ndiza. Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ingqondo yami yayijule kakhulu lapho ngenza umsebenzi wami ngalobo busuku, ngizibuza, ‘Kazi kwenzekeni kuleya ndiza? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi kunomuntu ongayibonanga into ethile okungenzeka mina ngiyibone manje bese ngivimbela le ngozi ingaphinde yenzeke? Ingabe konke ngikwenza ngendlela okufanele kwenziwe ngayo?’ Ngachitha isikhathi eside ngiphezulu emsileni wendiza ngalobo busuku, ngibhekisisa futhi ngicabanga.”

Omakhenikha bezindiza ngaso sonke isikhathi bayaqeqeshwa kuyo yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi wabo, kusukela emisebenzini abayenza njalo kuye ekuhloleni indiza okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu nasekucingeni amaphutha bese bewalungisa. Izifundo zokuqeqesha omakhenikha ziyashintshwa njalo ngonyaka ukuze zihlanganise nanoma isiphi isimo esingase siqhamuke, kusukela kwesivamile kuya kwesingavamile.

Uma kuphahlazeke indiza, ukwaziswa okuqoqwayo kuyahlaziywa bese kusetshenziswa emshinini wokulingisa leso senzakalo. Abashayeli balo mshini nonjiniyela bezindiza bashayela lo mshini ngenjongo yokuthola ezinye izindlela omakhenikha abangaxazulula ngazo izinkinga ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo. Ngemva kwalokho, kuhlelwa izifundo zokuqeqesha eziphathelene nalezo zinkinga ukuze kufundiswe omakhenikha. Ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga okunjena kwenza nokuba indiza nezingxenye zayo kushintshwe, ngethemba lokuthi kuzofundwa okuthile emaphutheni asuke enzekile bese encishiswa.

Isisebenzi esilungisa izindiza siphetha ngokuthi: “Sonke sitshelwa ukuthi ‘ukuphepha akuzenzakaleli—kumelwe kuhlelelwe.’”

Usebuyele Ekuhambeni Ngendiza Futhi

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine engahambi ngendiza, u-Alex wanquma ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuba enze okuthile ngokwesaba kwakhe. Akuzange kumkhathaze ukuba khona kwamaphoyisa nonogada eLogan International Airport yaseBoston. Akazange acasuke lapho kunemigqa emide futhi kuvulwa izikhwama zakhe ziseshwa.

Lezi kwakuyizinto ezimmisa isibindi u-Alex njengoba ayefuna izindlela ezithé ukuphepha zokuhamba ngendiza. Usajuluka kancane kanti nenhliziyo isashaya ngamandla. Kodwa njengoba u-Alex ebeka imithwalo yakhe esiseshiwe endaweni yayo engenhla kwekhanda, uthi: “Sengingcono kakhulu manje.”

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 5]

Amaqiniso Ngokuhamba Ngendiza

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umgibeli oyedwa kwabahlanu uyesaba ukuhamba ngendiza. Kodwa akubona bonke abacabanga ukuthi ukuhamba ngendiza kuyingozi. Ngokuvamile ukwesaba kwabo kubangelwa ukuthi basuke besaba ezinye izinto, njengezindawo eziphakeme noma ezinabantu abaningi.

[Ishadi ekhasini 8]

Angakanani Amathuba Okuba Kwenzeke Ingozi Kufe Abantu?

Imoto 6 212 81

Ukubulawa 15 104 197

Umshini 265 000 3 500

Ukuphahlazeka kwendiza 390 000 5 100

Ukuminza kubhavu 802 000 10 500

Umbani izigidi ezingu-4,3 56 000

[Umthombo]

Source: National Safety Council

[Isithombe ekhasini 6]

Sekuphephe nakakhulu ezikhumulweni zezindiza

[Umthombo]

AP Photo/Joel Page

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Kuthathwa imininingwane ephathelene nabagibeli

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Yenziwe ngcono indlela yokulungisa izindiza

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Abashayeli bezindiza bawufundele bagogoda umsebenzi wabo