Umsuka Wobandlululo
UBANDLULULO lungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Noma kunjalo, zimbili izici eziqinisekisiwe (1) yisifiso sokufuna isisulelo kanye (2) nenzondo ebangelwa izenzo ezidlule zokungabi nabulungisa.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe esihlokweni esandulele, lapho kugadla inhlekelele, ngokuvamile abantu bafuna othile abangambeka icala. Lapho abantu abavelele belokhu bemangalela iqembu elincane, lowo mbono uyamukelwa kanjalo kuqale ubandlululo. Njengesibonelo esivamile salokhu, lapho umnotho emazweni aseNtshonalanga untengantenga, ngokuvamile kusolwa izisebenzi ezivela ngaphandle ngokuthi ziqeda imisebenzi—yize ngokuvamile zithatha imisebenzi abantu abaningi bendawo abangafuni ukuyenza.
Kodwa akulona lonke ubandlululo olubangelwa ukufuna isisulelo. Lungase lusekelwe ngisho nasemlandweni. Umbiko i-UNESCO Against Racism uthi: “Akulona ihaba ukuthi ukuhweba ngezigqila kwabangela isimo sengqondo sokubandlululwa ngokohlanga nokubukelwa phansi kwabantu abansundu emphakathini.” Ababehweba ngezigqila bazama ukuthethelela ukuhweba kwabo ngabantu okuhlazisayo ngokuthi abantu abaNsundu abalutho. Lolu bandlululo olungenasisekelo, kamuva olwanda lwahlanganisa nabanye abantu nabo ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe, lusekhona.
Emhlabeni wonke, izenzakalo ezifanayo zokucindezelwa nokungabi nabulungisa ziyaqhubeka zibhebhezela ubandlululo. Ukuzondana kwamaKatolika namaProthestani e-Ireland kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-16, lapho ababusi baseNgilandi bashushisa futhi badingisa amaKatolika. Izenzo zonya ezazenziwa amaKristu okuzisholo phakathi neziMpi Zokholo zisavusa imizwa yobutha kumaSulumane eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukuzondana kwamaSerb namaCroat emazweni aseBalkan kwabhebhethekiswa ukubulala uyaca lwabantu ababengekho empini phakathi nempi yezwe yesibili. Njengoba lezi zibonelo zibonisa, umlando wobutha phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ungalugxilisa ubandlululo.
Ukwandisa Ukuntula Ulwazi
Inhliziyo yosana olusacathula ayinalo ubandlululo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ngokuvamile ingane ikuthola kulula ukudlala nengane yohlanga oluhlukile. Nokho, lapho isineminyaka eyishumi noma engu-11, ingane ingase ingabathandi abantu besinye isizwe, uhlanga, noma inkolo. Phakathi neminyaka yokubunjwa kobuntu bayo, ingane icosha imibono engase ihlale nayo ukuphila konke.
Ifundwa kanjani le mibono? Ingane icosha izimo zengqondo ezingafanele—ezizwayo noma ezibonayo—okokuqala kubazali bayo bese kuba kubangane noma kothisha. Kamuva omakhelwane, amaphephandaba, umsakazo noma ithelevishini kungase kuyithonye ngokwengeziwe. Nakuba yazi okuncane noma ingazi lutho ngamaqembu engawathandi, lapho isikhulile, isuke isiphethe ngokuthi lawo maqembu aphansi futhi awanakwethenjwa. Ingase iwazonde ngisho nokuwazonda.
Ngenxa yokwanda kokuhambela kwamanye amazwe nezohwebo, ukuxhumana kwemiphakathi ehlukene namaqembu ezinhlanga kuye kwanda emazweni amaningi. Noma kunjalo, umuntu osehlakulele ubandlululo olunamandla ngokuvamile ubambelela emibonweni abelokhu enayo. Angase aqhubeke ecwasa izinkulungwane ngisho nezigidi zabantu, enomuzwa wokuthi bonke banezimfanelo ezithile ezimbi. Noma isiphi isenzakalo esingajabulisi, ngisho noma sihilela umuntu oyedwa kuphela kulelo qembu, simane sigxilise ubandlululo analo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izenzakalo ezinhle zivame ukubhekwa njengento eyenzeka ngokuqabukela.
Ukugqashula
Nakuba abantu abaningi belulahla ubandlululo, bambalwa abakwaziyo ukugqashula kulo. Empeleni, abantu abaningi abanobandlululo olujulile bangaphika ukuthi banalo. Abanye bathi alusho lutho, ikakhulukazi uma abantu bengaluvezi obala ubandlululo abanalo. Nokho, ubandlululo aluyona into engasho lutho ngoba lulimaza abantu futhi lubahlukanise. Uma kuwukuthi ukungazi kubangela ubandlululo, khona-ke ubandlululo lona lubangela inzondo. Umlobi uCharles Caleb Colton (1780?-1832) waphawula: “Sizonda abantu abathile ngoba singabazi; futhi ngeke sibazi ngoba siyabazonda.” Nokho, uma ubandlululo luyinto umuntu ayifundayo, khona-ke angagqashula kulo. Kanjani?
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Inkolo—Iyithonya Lokubekezelelana Noma Lobandlululo?
Encwadini yakhe ethi The Nature of Prejudice, uGordon W. Allport uthi “ngokuvamile, amalungu eSonto abonakala enobandlululo olukhulu kunabantu abangasonti.” Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba ezikhathini eziningi inkolo iye yaba imbangela yobandlululo esikhundleni sokuba ikhambi. Ngokwesibonelo, abefundisi babhebhezela ukuzondwa kwamaJuda amakhulu eminyaka. Ngokwencwadi ethi A History of Christianity, uHitler wake wathi: “Ngokuphathelene namaJuda, ngiqhubeka nenqubo isonto lamaKatolika eselineminyaka engu-1500 liyamukele.”
Ngesikhathi sezenzo ezinyantisayo emazweni aseBalkan, izimfundiso zama- Orthodox namaKatolika zabonakala zingenamandla okukhuthaza ukubekezelela nokuhlonipha omakhelwane benkolo ehlukile.
Ngokufanayo, eRwanda, amalungu esonto abulala ozakwabo. I-National Catholic Reporter yabonisa ukuthi ukulwa kulelo zwe kwakuhlanganisa “ukuqothulwa kwesizwe okungokoqobo, ngeshwa ngisho namaKatolika anecala kukho.”
ISonto LamaKatolika ngokwalo liye lawuvuma umlando walo wokungabekezeleli ezinye izinkolo. Ngonyaka ka-2000, uPapa John Paul II wacela intethelelo “ngeziphambeko zesikhathi esidlule” eMiseni likawonk’ uwonke elaliseRome. Phakathi nalo mkhosi, wagagula “ukungabekezelelani ngokwenkolo nokuphathwa ngendlela engenabulungisa kwamaJuda, abesifazane, abantu bomdabu, abafuduki, abampofu nabangakazalwa.”
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Phezulu: Ikamu lababaleki, eBosnia naseHerzegovina, ngo-October 20, 1995
Ababaleki ababili abangama-Serb aseBosnia abalinde ukuphela kwempi yombango
[Umthombo]
Photo by Scott Peterson/Liaison
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Bafundiswa inzondo
Ingane ingacosha imibono engafanele kubazali bayo, kuyithelevishini nakwezinye izindawo