Indlela Isineke Esinomvuzo Ngayo Ekutshaleni Ama-Orchid
UKUTSHALA ama-orchid kungagcina sekuwumkhuba. Abantu abawathandayo bachitha amahora amaningi befunda amagama esiLatini ezinhlobo abazithandayo ukuze bawaphimise ngendlela efanele. Kungani abantu bewathanda kangaka ama-orchid?
Ama-orchid ayizinhlobo eziningi. Kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 000 endle, futhi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ziye zathola izinhlobo zawo ezilumbene ezingaphezu kuka-100 000! Igama elithi “ezilumbene” alisho ukuthi abatshali bezimbali baye benza uhlobo olusha ngokusebenzisa umhlabathi, amanzi nomoya. Kunalokho, ziwumphumela ongokwemvelo wokuhlangana kwempova evela kolunye uhlobo.
Ama-orchid angokwemvelo nalawo enziwa abantu awalingani ngobukhulu. Kunama-orchid abonakala kahle ngesibona-khulu, kuyilapho amanye ebonakala kahle lapho ebekwe efasiteleni. Olunye uhlobo lwe-orchid olukhula kahle emahlathini emvula ase-Indonesia lungaba amakhilogremu angu-500!
Ama-orchid anemibala eminingi futhi akheke ngezindlela eziningi ezingafani. Amanye athi awafane nezinyosi, izimvemvane nezinyoni, kuyilapho amanye okungekho lutho olufana nawo owake walubona, ekhanga ngokukhethekile ikakhulukazi kubalumbanisi bezitshalo. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi kungabacebile kuphela abebekwazi ukuthola lezi zimbali ezinhle, kodwa manje nalabo abangamile kahle sebengazithola. Nakhu okuhilelekile ngalama-orchid amahle ongawajabulela namuhla.
“Isasasa” Lokuwatshala
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu bewathanda ama-orchid, kodwa kuze kwaba muva nje lapho abatshali befunde izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuwatshala. Ngo-1856 kwaba nomuntu wokuqala owalumbanisa ama-orchid. Nokho, ukutshala lezi zimbali ezinhle kodwa ezintekenteke ngokuvamile kwakuyisicefe kunokuba kujabulise.
Imbewu yama-orchid incane—enye ifana nothuli. Ukusebenza ngale mbewu encane kangaka kwakuyinselele futhi namanje kuseyiyo, kodwa into enzima nakakhulu ukuyenza ikhule. Sekungamashumi eminyaka abatshali bezama izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze bathole indlela efanele yokwenza le mbewu iqhume. Ngo-1922 uDkt. Lewis Knudson, isazi sesayensi saseCornell University e-United States, wathola ukuthi uma le mbewu ifakwa emanzini anoshukela kanye ne-agar (okuwuketshezi olusanomfi olutholakala ezimileni zasolwandle), yayiqhuma futhi ikhule kahle. Ngokushesha abathandi bayo bakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ezilunjanisiwe. Leli “sasasa” lokutshala ama-orchid liyaqhubeka, kangangokuthi unyaka ngamunye kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha umphakathi ongakaze uzibone ngaphambili.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba abantu bawatshale, ama-orchid ayezimilela endle. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ama-orchid akwazi ukuveza ezinye izinhlobo zawo ngokwemvelo?
Ama-orchid Asendle
Lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zama-orchid ezicishe zifane ziqhakaza endaweni efanayo, kungenzeka kuvele uhlobo olusha lwe-orchid olungokwemvelo. Ngokwemvelo, izinambuzane nezinye izidalwa zingabathuthi bempova. Lapho isinambuzane esithutha impova siya kuma-orchid siyofuna umpe, impova yenye imbali inamathela emzimbeni waso bese sihamba nayo siyishiye kwenye imbali. Lezi zimbali kungenzeka zivunde. Khona-ke, ziyobe seziveza imiqumbe enembewu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umqumbe onembewu uyavuthwa, uqhekeke bese ukhipha imbewu eningi kakhulu. Enye yale mbewu iwela enhlabathini, kuyilapho eningi yayo ipheshulwa umoya. Imbewu emilayo ibhekana nobunzima obukhulu, futhi incane kakhulu ekhula ngokuphelele. Le mbewu eba khona ngenxa yokuhlangana kwempova esuka kwezinye izimbali ikhipha ama-orchid abizwa ngokuthi alumbene ngokwemvelo. Kodwa ama-orchid alunjaniswa abantu enziwa kanjani?
Indlela Yokulumbanisa
I-orchid iyinhlanganisela yezakhi ezivela embalini ngayinye efana nomzali. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala umlumbanisi ucabangela ukuthi ufuna ukwenza uhlobo olunjani lwembali. Kungenzeka ufuna uhlobo oluthile lombala, lwemithende noma lwamachashaza. Kungenzeka ufuna ukulumbanisa lezo zakhi ezimbalini ezincane noma ezinkulu. Iphunga nalo liyacatshangelwa. Enalokho engqondweni, umlumbanisi ukhetha izinhlobo ezimbili zama-orchid anethemba lokuthi zizoveza izithombo ezizokhipha izici azifisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umtshali wama-orchid angase akhethe uhlobo okuthiwa i-golden slipper orchid njengolunye uhlobo azolusebenzisa. Le orchid yatholakala eChina ngo-1979. Ngokuvamile izithombo zayo ziba nombala osagolide ngokuphuzi, ezinye zazo eziba zinhle ngokubabazekayo.
Uma umlumbanisi esezitholile izimbali ezimbili ezizoba abazali, ususa yonke impova ekhona embalini eyodwa engumzali ebizwa ngokuthi i-pod parent, bese kufakwa impova yembali yesibili okuthiwa i-pollen parent. I-pollen parent iyimbali okuthathwa kuyo impova. Esebenzisa uthi lokuvungula noma okuthile okufana nalo, umlumbanisi uthatha impova yembali afuna ukuyilumbanisa ayigcobe esiqwini sembali ezolumbana nayo. Ube esebhala amagama azo zombili izimbali ezingabazali kule orchid aseyilumbanisile kanye nosuku ezilunjaniswe ngalo.
Ukubekezela Kuyafuneka
Uma le mbewu ivuthwa, kwenzeka into eyisimanga njengoba lo mqumbe wembali engumzali uqhakaza. Imicu efana namashubhu esuka esiqwini iyavuleka bese kuphuma ingxenye yembali ebizwa ngokuthi isizalo. Lesi sizalo siyakhukhumala bese kwakheka umqumbe onembewu. Ngaphakathi, kwakheka amakhulu ezinkulungwane zembewu, ngayinye inamathele eshubhwini elinempova. Kungase kuphele izinyanga noma ngaphezu konyaka ngaphambi kokuba lo mqumbe onembewu uvuthwe. Kuleli qophelo, umlumbanisi ubutha imbewu ephuma kulo mqumbe. Uyifaka efulasikini ehlanzekile enoketshezi lwe-agar nezinye izakhi. Uma imbewu isiqhuma, kuphuma izithombo ezincane zama-orchid ezifana nokhaphethi wotshani obuluhlaza.
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, umlumbanisi uyazikhipha lezi thombo efulasikini abese ezifaka ndawonye kwesinye isitsha. Uyazinakekela lezi thombo, azinisele njalo ukuze zingomi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlumbanisi utshala lezi thombo zakhe ezintsha zama-orchid ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene. Kuleli qophelo, ukubekezela kubaluleke nakakhulu. Ama-orchid angase athathe iminyaka embalwa kuye ngaphezu kweyishumi ngaphambi kokuba aqhakaze.
Cabanga indlela umlumbanisi azizwa eneliseke ngayo lapho ebona izimbali zama-orchid awasebenzele kanzima! Uma lolu kuwuhlobo olusha lwe-orchid, umlumbanisi walo angalubhalisa ngegama azikhethele lona. Zonke ezinye izimbali eziyolunjaniswa ngemva kwalokho zisuselwa kuleyo ziyobizwa ngalelo gama eyabhaliswa ngalo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, umlumbanisi uthola inhlanganisela ethandwa kakhulu abatshali bama-orchid. Angase athole umklomelo, lokho kwenze izimbali zakhe ezinhle zibize kakhulu. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzuza malini, ukwaneliseka kokubona izimbali zama-orchid aye wawalumbanisa kumlethela injabulo.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside nokubekezela ukuze lama orchid amahle owathandayo abe khona. Kodwa eqinisweni, umsebenzi owenziwa abantu ukuze kube nezinhlobo zama-orchid uwubala uma uqhathaniswa nalowo woMdali omkhulu wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, uJehova. Uye wafaka izakhi zofuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi esitshalweni ngasinye, ukuze kube nezimbali ezinhle kangaka. Simane nje samukele ikhono lakhe lothando olubonakala phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhle nezihlukahlukene zama-orchid. Kunjengoba umhubi uDavide abhala: “O Jehova, yeka ukuthi miningi kangakanani imisebenzi yakho! Yonke uyenzé ngokuhlakanipha. Umhlaba ugcwele imikhiqizo yakho.”—IHubo 104:24.
[Isithombe ekhasini 17]
I-“Beallara” hybrid
[Isithombe ekhasini 17]
I-“Doritaenopsis” hybrid
[Isithombe ekhasini 18]
I-“Brassidium” hybrid