Unegunya Lokukhetha

Inqubo yezokwelapha esetshenziswayo manje (ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziya izingozi/izinzuzo) yenza kube lula kodokotela neziguli ukuba babambisane ekugwemeni ukwelapha ngegazi. Odokotela bahlola izici ezinjengezingozi zesidakamizwa esithile noma ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinzuzo ezingenzeka. Iziguli nazo zingahlanganyela ekuhlaziyeni okunjalo.

Ake sisebenzise isibonelo esisodwa leso abantu ezindaweni eziningi abasazi ngokuzizwela—isifo samathonsela esingelapheki. Uma ungaba nalenkinga, ngokunokwenzeka ubungaya kudokotela. Eqinisweni, ungase uye kwababili, njengoba izazi zezempilo ngokuvamile zitusa ukuthola umbono wesibili. Omunye angase atuse ukuba uhlinzwe. Uyachaza ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini: ubude besikhathi ozosihlala esibhedlela, ubungako bobuhlungu, nezindleko. Ngokuphathelene nezingozi, uthi ukopha ngokweqile akuvamile futhi ukufa ngenxa yokuhlinzwa okunjalo kuyivelakancane. Kodwa udokotela onikeza umbono wesibili ukukhuthaza ukuba uzame ukwelapha okusebenzisa imithi elwa namagciwane alesosifo. Uchaza uhlobo lwesidakamizwa, ithuba lokuphumelela kwaso, nezindleko. Ngokuphathelene nezingozi, uthi zimbalwa kakhulu iziguli ezisabela kulesidakamizwa ngendlela esongela ukuphila.

Ngokunokwenzeka udokotela ngamunye ofanelekayo wazicabangela izingozi kanye nezinzuzo, kodwa manje sekufanele ukuba wena uhlole lezingozi nezinzuzo ezingenzeka, kanye nezinye izici ozazi kangcono. (Usesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokucabangela izici ezinjengamandla akho angokomzwelo noma angokomoya, isimo sasekhaya esingokwezimali, umphumela emkhayeni, nezindinganiso zakho siqu.) Bese-ke uyakhetha. Ngokunokwenzeka unikeza imvume eqondisiwe ngeyodwa indlela yokwelapha kodwa wenqabe enye.

Lokhu bekuyoba njalo nalapho bekuwumntwana wakho obenesifo samathonsela esingelapheki. Izingozi, izinzuzo, nezindlela zokwelapha zaziyochazwa kinina, njengabazali abanothando abathinteka ngokuqondile futhi abayoba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokubhekana nemiphumela. Ngemva kokucabangela zonke izici, ningenza ukukhetha okuqondisiwe ngalendaba ehilela impilo yomntwana wenu ngisho nokuphila kwakhe. Mhlawumbe nivume ukuba ahlinzwe, naphezu kwezingozi zako. Abanye abazali bangase bakhethe ukusebenzisa imithi elwa namagciwane esifo, naphezu kwezingozi zayo. Njengoba odokotela behluka ezelulekweni zabo, kanjalo neziguli noma abazali bayehluka ngokuqondene nokuthi yikuphi abanomuzwa wokuthi kungcono kakhulu. Sinjalo-ke isici esiqondakalayo sokwenza ukukhetha (izingozi/izinzuzo) okuqondisiwe.

Kuthiwani ngokusebenzisa igazi? Akekho ohlola amaqiniso ngokungakhethi ongaphika ukuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi kuhilela ingozi enkulu. UDkt. Charles Huggins, ongumqondisi womnyango wezokumpontshelwa esiBhedlela esikhulu Sezifo Zonke SaseMassachusetts, wakwenza kwacaca kakhulu lokhu: “Igazi alikaze libe elilondeke ngaphezu kwalokhu. Kodwa kumelwe libhekwe njengeliyingozi ngokungenakugwenywa. Liyisithako esiyingozi kakhulu esisisebenzisayo kwezokwelapha.”—The Boston Globe Magazine, kaFebruary 4, 1990.

Ngesizathu esihle, izisebenzi zezokwelapha ziye zayalwa: “Kudingekile ukuyihlaziya kabusha ingozi yobuhlobo benzuzo/nengozi yokumpontshelwa igazi futhi sifune izindlela ezihlukile.” (Omalukeke sizenzele.)—Perioperative Red Cell Transfusion, emhlanganweni weNational Institutes of Health, ngoJune 27-29, 1988.

Odokotela bangase bangavumelani ngokuphathelene nezinzuzo noma izingozi ezikhona ekusebenziseni igazi. Omunye angase alifake kubantu abaningi futhi aqiniseke ukuthi lokho kuzifanele izingozi ezinjalo. Omunye angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi lezingozi azifanele, ngoba eye wathola imiphumela emihle ekwelapheni ngaphandle kwegazi. Nokho, ekugcineni uwena, njengesiguli noma umzali, okumelwe unqume. Kungani kunguwe? Ngoba kuhileleke umzimba wakho (noma womntwana wakho), ukuphila, izindinganiso, nobuhlobo obubaluleke kakhulu noNkulunkulu.

IGUNYA LAKHO LIYAQASHELWA

Ezindaweni eziningi namuhla, isiguli sinegunya elivikelekile lokunquma ukuthi ikuphi ukwelashwa esizokwamukela. “Umthetho wemvume eqondisiwe uye wasekelwa phezu kwezizathu ezimbili: esokuqala, ukuthi isiguli sinegunya lokuthola ukwaziswa okwanele ukuze senze ukukhetha okuqondisiwe ngokwelashwa okutuswayo; futhi okwesibili, ukuthi isiguli singase sikhethe ukwamukela noma ukwenqaba lokho okutuswa udokotela. . . . Ngaphandle kokuba iziguli zibhekwe njengezinegunya lokuthi cha, nelokuthi yebo, futhi ngisho noyebo onemibandela, okuningi kwalesizathu sokuba kube nemvume eqondisiwe kuba ize.”—Informed Consent—Legal Theory and Clinical Practice, 1987.a

Ezinye iziguli ziye zahlangabezana nokuphikiswa lapho zizama ukusebenzisa igunya lazo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuvela kumngane onomuzwa onamandla ngokuphathelene nokuhlinzwa amathonsela noma ngemithi elwa namagciwane alesifo. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wayeqiniseka ukuthi iseluleko sakhe silungile. Kungenzeka ngisho nokuthi isisebenzi sasesibhedlela asizange sivume, ngokusekelwe ezithakazelweni ezingokomthetho noma ezingokwezimali.

“Odokotela abaningi bamathambo bakhetha ukungazihlinzi iziguli [ezingoFakazi],” kusho uDkt. Carl L. Nelson. “Kuyinkolelo yethu ukuthi isiguli sinegunya lokwenqaba noma iluphi uhlobo lwendlela yokwelapha. Uma ngokwezobuchwepheshe ukuhlinza ngokuphephile kungase kwenziwe nakuba ukwelapha okuthile kungasetshenziswanga, njengokumpontshelwa, khona-ke kufanele kubhekwe njengendaba yokuzikhethela.”—The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, kaMarch 1986.

Isiguli esicabangelayo ngeke sicindezele udokotela ukuba asebenzise indlela yokwelapha udokotela angenalo ikhono kuyo. Nokho, njengoba uDkt. Nelson ephawulile, odokotela abaningi abazinikele bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinkolelo zesiguli. Isikhulu saseJalimane seluleka: “Udokotela akakwazi ukwenqaba ukunikeza usizo . . . ethi ngokuphathelene noFakazi KaJehova akanazo zonke izindlela ezihlukile zokwelapha. Usenaso isibopho sokunikeza usizo ngisho nalapho amathuba amvulekele encishisiwe.” (Der Frauenarzt, kaMay-June 1983) Ngokufanayo, izibhedlela azikho ngenjongo nje yokuba zenze imali kodwa ukuba zikhonze bonke abantu ngaphandle kobandlululo. Isazi sezenkolo esingumKatolika uRichard J. Devine sithi: “Nakuba isibhedlela kufanele senze yonke eminye imizamo yezokwelapha ukuze silondoloze ukuphila nempilo yesiguli, kumelwe siqiniseke ukuthi ukunakekela kwezokwelapha akulimazi unembeza [waso]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe sigweme zonke izinhlobo zokucindezela, kusukela ekuyengeni isiguli ngokusithopha kuya ekutholeni umyalo wenkantolo wokuphoqelela ukumpontshelwa kwegazi.”—Health Progress, kaJune 1989.

KUNOKUBA KUBE IZINKANTOLO

Abantu abaningi bayavuma ukuthi inkantolo akuyona indawo yezimpikiswano ngokwelashwa komuntu siqu. Ubungazizwa kanjani ukuba wawukhethe ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane kodwa othile waya enkantolo ukuze aphoqelele ukuba uhlinzwe amathonsela? Udokotela angase afune ukukunikeza lokho acabanga ukuthi kuwukunakekela okungcono kakhulu, kodwa akanaso isibopho sokuyofuna ukuvunwa umthetho ukuze anyathele amagunya akho ayisisekelo. Futhi njengoba iBhayibheli libeka ukugwema igazi ezingeni lokuziphatha elifanayo nelokugwema ubufebe, ukuphoqelela igazi kumKristu bekuyoba okufanayo nobulili obuphoqelelwe—ukudlwengula.—IzEnzo 15:28, 29.

Nokho, i-Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion (1989) ibika ukuthi ezinye izinkantolo zikhathazeka kakhulu lapho isiguli sizimisele ukwamukela ingozi ethile ngenxa yamagunya aso angokwenkolo “kangangokuba zisungula izimo ezithile ezingokomthetho ezihlukile—izindaba eziqanjiwe uma ungazibiza kanjalo, ezinesimo sokuba semthethweni—ukuze zivumele ukuba kumpontshelwe igazi.” Zingase zizame ukukuthethelela ngokuthi kuhileleke umuntu okhulelwe noma ukuthi kunabantwana okufanele bondliwe. “Lokho kuyizindaba eziqanjiwe ezinesimo sokuba semthethweni,” kusho lencwadi. “Abantu abadala abafanelekayo banegunya lokwenqaba ukwelashwa.”

Abanye abaphikelela ukuba kumpontshelwe igazi abalinaki iqiniso lokuthi oFakazi abenqabi zonke izindlela zokwelapha. Benqaba indlela yokwelapha eyodwa nje kuphela, leyo ngisho nochwepheshe abavumayo ukuthi igcwele izingozi. Ngokuvamile inkinga yezokwelapha ingasingathwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngayinye inengozi yayo. Ingabe inkantolo noma udokotela ngobushiqela bangazi ukuthi iyiphi ingozi “eyozisebenzela kangcono izithakazelo zakho”? Uwena okufanele unqume lokho. OFakazi BakaJehova baqinile ekutheni abafuni muntu abanqumele; kuwumthwalo wabo wemfanelo womuntu siqu phambi kukaNkulunkulu.

Ukuba inkantolo ibingaphoqelela ukwelapha okuzondayo, lokhu bekungawuthinta kanjani unembeza wakho nesici esibalulekile sokufisela kwakho ukuphila? UDkt. Konrad Drebinger wabhala: “Ngokuqinisekile kungaba uhlobo lokuhaha kwezokwelapha okuqondiswe kabi okungaholela umuntu ukuba aphoqe isiguli ukuba samukele ukwelashwa okunikezwayo, abuse unembeza waso, ukuze aselaphe ngokwenyama kodwa ashaye ingokomoya laso ngegalelo elibulalayo.”—Der Praktische Arzt, kaJuly 1978.

UKUNAKEKELWA NGOTHANDO KWABANTWANA

Amacala asezinkantolo aphathelene negazi ahilela ikakhulukazi abantwana. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho abazali abanothando beye bacela ngenhlonipho ukuba kusetshenziswe ukwelapha ngaphandle kwegazi, ezinye izisebenzi zezokwelapha ziye zafuna ukusekelwa inkantolo ukuba zinikeze igazi. Yebo, amaKristu ayavumelana nemithetho noma isinyathelo senkantolo sokuvimbela ukuxhashazwa noma ukunganakwa kwabantwana. Mhlawumbe uye wafunda ngamacala lapho umzali othile ahlukumeza khona umntwana ngokomzimba noma wamncisha konke ukunakekela kwezokwelapha. Yeka ukuthi kudabukisa kangakanani! Ngokusobala, uMbuso ungangenela futhi kufanele ungenele ukuze uvikele umntwana onganakekelwa. Noma kunjalo, kulula ukubona ukuthi kuhluke kakhulu kangakanani lapho umzali onakekelayo ecela indlela yokwelapha yezinga elihle eliphakeme engasebenzisi igazi.

Lamacala asenkantolo ngokuvamile agxila kumntwana osesibhedlela. Wafika kanjani lomntwana lapho, futhi kungani? Cishe ngazo zonke izikhathi abazali abakhathazekile abaletha umntanabo ukuba athole ukunakekelwa kwezinga elihle. Njengoba nje uJesu ayenesithakazelo kubantwana, abazali abangamaKristu bayabanakekela abantwana babo. IBhayibheli likhuluma ‘ngomdlezane ondla abantwana bakhe.’ OFakazi BakaJehova banothando olunjalo olujulile ngabantwana babo.—1 Thesalonika 2:7; Mathewu 7:11; 19:13-15.

Ngokuvamile, bonke abazali benza izinqumo ngokuphathelene nokuphepha nokuphila kwabantwana babo: Ingabe umkhaya uzosebenzisa igesi noma uphalafini ekubaseni ekhaya? Ingabe bazohamba nomntwana ohambweni lwebanga elide? Angaya yini ukuyobhukuda? Izindaba ezinjalo zihilela izingozi ezithile, ngisho nezisho ukufa nokuphila. Kodwa umphakathi uqaphela amandla abazali okunquma, ngakho abazali banikezwa izwi elikhulu cishe kuzo zonke izinqumo ezithinta abantwana babo.

Ngo-1979 iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseU.S. yaphawula ngokucacile: “Umqondo womthetho ngomkhaya usekelwe ekucabangeleni kokuthi abazali banalokho umntwana akuntulayo mayelana nokuvuthwa, okuhlangenwe nakho, nekhono lokwahlulela elidingekayo ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuphila ezinzima. . . . Ukuba kwesinqumo somzali [endabeni yezokwelapha] esihilela izingozi akuwagudluli ngokuzenzekelayo amandla okwenza lesosinqumo asuke kubazali aye enxuseni elithile noma isisebenzi sombuso.”—Parham v. J.R.

Ngalowonyaka ofanayo iNkantolo YaseNew York Yamacala Adlulisiwe yanquma: “Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi umntwana uncishwa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele . . . siwukuthi abazali bayilungiselele yini inqubo eyamukelekayo yokwelashwa komntanabo uma kucatshangelwa zonke izimo ezihilelekile. Lokhu kuhlola akunakunqunywa ngokuthi umzali wenze isinqumo ‘esilungile’ noma ‘esingalungile,’ ngoba isimo samanje senqubo yezokwelapha, naphezu kokuthuthuka kwaso okukhulu, akuvamile ukuba sivumele izinqumo ezinjalo ezingujuqu. Futhi inkantolo ayikwazi ukuthatha indima yokuba umzali omelele owangempela.”—In re Hofbauer.

Khumbula isibonelo sabazali abakhetha phakathi kokuhlinza nokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane esifo. Indlela ngayinye yokwelapha yayizoba nezingozi zayo. Abazali abanothando banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola izingozi, izinzuzo, nezinye izici bese bekhetha. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, uDkt. Jon Samuels (Anesthesiology News, kaOctober 1989) wasikisela ukuba kubukezwe iGuides to the Judge in Medical Orders Affecting Children, eyathatha lokhu kuma:

“Ulwazi lwezokwelapha aluthuthukile ngokwanele ukuba lungenza udokotela abikezele ngokuqiniseka okunengqondo ukuthi isiguli sakhe sizophila yini noma sizokufa . . . Uma kukhona ukukhethwa kwezinqubo—ngokwesibonelo, uma udokotela etusa inqubo enamaphesenti angu-80 ethuba lokuphumelela kodwa abazali abangavumelani nayo, futhi abazali bengamelene nenqubo enamaphesenti angu-40 kuphela ethuba lokuphumelela—udokotela kumelwe athathe inqubo eyingozi kakhudlwana ngokwezokwelapha kodwa eyamukelekayo ngokwabazali.”

Ngokucabangela izingozi eziningi ezibulalayo eziye zavela ngokusebenzisa igazi ekwelapheni nangenxa yokuthi zikhona izindlela ezihlukile zokwelapha eziphumelelayo, ukugwema igazi ngeke yini kube nezinga eliphansi lokuba ingozi?

Ngokuvamile, amaKristu ahlola izici eziningi uma umntwana wawo edinga ukuhlinzwa. Konke ukuhlinza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusebenzisa igazi noma cha kunezingozi. Yimuphi udokotela ohlinzayo onikeza iziqinisekiso? Abazali bangase bazi ukuthi odokotela abanekhono baye baphumelela kahle ekuhlinzeni abantwana boFakazi ngaphandle kwegazi. Ngakho ngisho noma udokotela noma isisebenzi sasesibhedlela sikhetha okuhlukile, kunokuba badale impi yasemthethweni ecindezelayo nedla isikhathi, akukhona yini okunengqondo ngabo ukuba basebenzisane nabazali abanothando? Noma abazali bangase bashintshele umntanabo kwesinye isibhedlela lapho izisebenzi zakhona zinokuhlangenwe nakho ekusingatheni izimo ezinjalo futhi zizimisele ukwenza kanjalo. Eqinisweni, ukwelapha ngaphandle kwegazi cishe kuyoba ukunakekela kwezinga elihle, ngoba kungasiza umkhaya “ukuba ufinyelele imigomo engokomthetho yezokwelapha nengeyona eyezokwelapha,” njengoba siphawulile ngaphambili.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 18]

UKUQEDA UKUKHATHAZEKA NGOKUDINGWA UMTHETHO

Ungase uzibuze, ‘Kungani odokotela abathile nezibhedlela beshesha ukuba bathole umyalo wenkantolo ukuze bafake igazi?’ Ezindaweni eziningi isizathu esivamile siwukwesaba ukuba necala.

Asikho isisekelo sokukhathazeka okunjalo lapho oFakazi BakaJehova bekhetha ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwegazi. Udokotela waseAlbert Einstein College of Medicine (eU.S.A.) uyabhala: “[OFakazi] abaningi balisayina ngaphandle kokungabaza ifomu leAmerican Medical Association elikhulula odokotela nezibhedlela ekubeni necala, futhi abaningi baphatha [ikhadi] iMedical Alert. Ifomu elisayinwe kahle futhi labhalwa nosuku elithi ‘Ukwenqaba Ukwamukela Imikhiqizo Yegazi’ liyisivumelwano esibophayo futhi liyabopha nangokomthetho.”—Anesthesiology News, kaOctober 1989.

Yebo, oFakazi BakaJehova ngobambiswano banikeza isiqinisekiso esingokomthetho sokuthi udokotela noma isibhedlela ngeke sibe necala ngokunikeza ukwelashwa okucelwayo ngaphandle kwegazi. Njengoba kutuswa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, uFakazi ngamunye uphatha ikhadi leMedical Document. Lelikhadi liyavuselelwa minyaka yonke futhi lisayinwa umninilo nawofakazi, ngokuvamile kuba izihlobo zakhe eziseduze.

NgoMarch 1990, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseOntario, eCanada, yasekela isinqumo esasilikhulumela kahle ikhadi elinjalo: “Lelikhadi liyisifungo esilotshiwe sesimo esiqinisekisiwe umphathi wekhadi anemfanelo yokusithatha lapho ebeka umgoqo olotshiwe [e]sivumelwaneni nodokotela.” KuyiMedicinsk Etik (1985), uProfesa Daniel Andersen wabhala: “Uma kunomusho olotshiwe onomqondo ocacile ovela esigulini othi singomunye woFakazi BakaJehova futhi asilifuni igazi ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo, inhlonipho ngegunya lalesosiguli lokuzibusa idinga ukuba isifiso saso sihlonishwe, ngokungathi lesosifiso sishiwo ngomlomo.”

OFakazi bayowasayina futhi namanye amafomu asesibhedlela anikeza imvume. Elinye elisetshenziswa esibhedlela saseFreiburg, eJalimane, linesikhala lapho udokotela engachaza khona ukwaziswa akunikeze isiguli mayelana nendlela esizolashwa ngayo. Khona-ke, ngaphezu kwendawo okusayine kuyo udokotela nesiguli, lelifomu liyanezela: “Njengelungu leqembu elingokwenkolo loFakazi BakaJehova, ngikwenqaba ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwegazi lomunye noma izakhi zegazi phakathi nokuhlinzwa kwami. Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi ngalokho inqubo ehleliwe nedingekayo iba nezinga eliphakeme kakhudlwana lokuba yingozi ngenxa yezinkinga zokopha ezingase zidaleke. Ngemva kokuba sengithole incazelo ephelele ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene nalokho, ngicela ukuba ukuhlinza okudingekayo kwenziwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igazi lomunye noma izakhi zegazi.”—Herz Kreislauf, ka-August 1987.

Eqinisweni, ukwelapha ngaphandle kwegazi kungase kube nezinga eliphansi kakhudlwana lokuba ingozi. Kodwa iphuzu lapha liwukuthi iziguli ezingoFakazi zikuqeda ngenjabulo noma ikuphi ukukhathazeka okungadingekile ukuze izisebenzi zezokwelapha zikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ekwenzeni lokho ezibopheke ukuba zikwenze, ukusiza abantu balulame. Lolubambiswano luzuzisa bonke abantu, njengoba uDkt. Angelos A. Kambouris abonisa kwesithi “Ukuhlinzwa Okukhulu Kwesisu KoFakazi BakaJehova”:

“Udokotela ohlinzayo kufanele abheke isivumelwano sangaphambi kokuhlinza njengesibophayo futhi kufanele anamathele kuso kungakhathaliseki izenzakalo ezivelayo phakathi nokuhlinza nangemva kwako. [Lokhu] kwenza iziguli zibe nombono oqondile ngokwelashwa kwazo ngokuhlinzwa, futhi kususe ukunakekela kukadokotela ohlinzayo ekucabangeleni izinto ezingokomthetho nezingokwefilosofi kuye kweziphathelene nokuhlinza nobuciko, ngaleyondlela, kumvumele ukuba ahlinze ngendlela eyanelisa kakhulu futhi akhonze izithakazelo zesiguli sakhe ezingcono kakhulu.”—The American Surgeon, kaJune 1987.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 19]

“Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kuyisici esiyinhloko ekwandeni kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo kwanamuhla. . . . Ukumpompela igazi kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ngenxa yezindleko zakho nezinga elikhulu lokuba ingozi. Ngokufanelekile, iAmerican Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals ihlukanisa ukumpompela igazi ‘njengokunomsindo kakhulu, okunezinga eliphakeme lezingozi nokuthambekele ekubeni namaphutha’”—“Transfusion,” July-August 1989.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 20]

EUnited States: “Okusekela isidingo sokuba isiguli sinikeze imvume umqondo wezimiso zokuhle ngokuphathelene nenkululeko yokuzinqumela yomuntu ngamunye, othi izinqumo ngokuphathelene nalokho okuzokwehlela umuntu kufanele zenziwe umuntu ohilelekile. Isizathu esingokomthetho sokufuna imvume siwukuthi isenzo sokwelapha esenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yesiguli sifana nokusebenzisa amandla ngempoqo.”—“Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion,” 1989.

EJalimane: “Igunya lesiguli lokuzinqumela linamandla ngaphezu kwesimiso sokunikeza usizo nokulondoloza ukuphila. Ngenxa yalokho: akukho kumpontshelwa kwegazi okumelwe kwenziwe ngokumelene nentando yesiguli.”—“Herz Kreislauf,” August 1987.

EJapane: “Ayikho into okungathiwa ‘ingujuqu’ emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi inqubo yezokwelapha yanamuhla ingengcono kakhulu futhi benza ngokuvumelana nayo, kodwa akufanele baphoqelele yonke imininingwane yayo njengento ‘engujuqu’ ezigulini. Iziguli nazo kumelwe zibe nenkululeko yokuzikhethela.”—“Minami Nihon Shimbun,” June 28, 1985.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 21]

“Ngiye ngathola imikhaya [yoFakazi BakaJehova] ibumbene kakhulu futhi inothando,” kubika uDkt. Lawrence S. Frankel. “Abantwana bafundisiwe, bayanakekela, futhi banenhlonipho. . . . Kubonakala kukhona ngisho nokuthobela ngokuqinile lokho okushiwo abezokwelapha, okungase kudinge umzamo ukubonisa ukuthi bayakwamukela ukungenela kwezokwelapha kuye ngezinga izinkolelo zabo ezilivumelayo.”—Department of Pediatrics, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, eU.S.A., 1985.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 22]

“Ngishaywa uvalo lokuthi akukhona okungavamile,” kuphawula uDkt. James L. Fletcher, Jnr., “ukuba ukuqhosha kochwepheshe kuthathe indawo yokwahlulela okunengqondo ngokwezokwelapha. Izindlela zokwelapha ezibhekwa ‘njengezingcono kakhulu namuhla’ ziyathuthukiswa noma zilahlwe kusasa. Ikuphi okuyingozi kakhulu, ‘umzali othanda inkolo’ noma udokotela oqhoshayo oqinisekayo ukuthi indlela yakhe yokwelapha ibaluleke ngokuphelele?”—“Pediatrics,” October 1988.