Imibuso Ihlasela IZwe Lesithembiso
ISAMARIYA, inhloko-dolobha yombuso wakwa-Israyeli osenyakatho, lanqotshwa abase-Asiriya ngo-740 B.C.E. Awela kanjalo ama-Israyeli ezandleni zombuso ononya. I-Asiriya lalisenyakatho ekugcineni kwamathafa aseMesophothamiya, eduze kweTigrisi, omunye wemifula emikhulu oKhalweni Oluvundile. NguNimrode owayakhe imizi eyinhloko yase-Asiriya, iNineve neKhala. (Gen 10:8-12) Ezinsukwini zikaShalimaneseri III, i-Asiriya lanwebekela ngasentshonalanga, lafika ezifundeni ezinamanzi amaningi nezikhiqizayo zaseSiriya nasenyakatho yezwe lakwa-Israyeli.
Ngaphansi kweNkosi uThigilati-phileseri III (uPul), okukhulunywa ngayo eBhayibhelini, i-Asiriya laqala ukucindezela u-Israyeli. Umbhidlango walo wokuhlasela wathinta noJuda eningizimu. (2Kho 15:19; 16:5-18) Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlasela kwe-Asiriya ‘okunjengamanzi’ akhukhulayo kwafinyelela kwaJuda, kwagcina kufike enhloko-dolobha yakhona, iJerusalema.—Isaya 8:5-8.
INkosi yase-Asiriya uSaneheribi yahlasela uJuda ngo-732 B.C.E. (2Kho 18:13, 14) Yaphanga imizi yakwaJuda engu-46, kuhlanganise neLakishi elalisendaweni ekahle eShefela. Njengoba ubona ebalazweni, lokhu kwenza ukuba amabutho akhe abe ngezansi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeJerusalema, ngaleyo ndlela azungeza inhloko-dolobha yakwaJuda. Ezincwadini zakhe zomlando, uSaneheribi waqhosha ngokuthi wagcina uHezekiya “enjengenyoni evalelwe ekhejini,” kodwa izincwadi zomlando zase-Asiriya aziyithinti eyokuthi ingelosi kaNkulunkulu yabulala amasosha kaSaneheribi.—2Kho 18:17-36; 19:35-37.
Izinsuku zoMbuso Wase-Asiriya zase zibaliwe. AmaMede, ayegcwele enkangala enezintaba manje eyi-Iran, aqala ukuba uhlupho emasosheni ase-Asiriya ayesasele. Lokhu kwenza ukuba i-Asiriya likhohlwe izifundazwe zalo ezisentshonalanga, ezabe seziqala ukuvusa umhlwenga. Kanti ngapha, abaseBhabhiloni babeya bedlondlobala, baze bathatha ngisho nomuzi wase-Ashuri. Ngo-632 B.C.E., iNineve—“umuzi wokuchithwa kwegazi”—wathathwa umbimbi lwabaseBhabhiloni, amaMede, namaSkithe, abantu abangophakimpi basenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama. Lokhu kwagcwalisa isiprofetho sikaNahume nesikaZefaniya.—Nah 3:1; Zef 2:13.
I-Asiriya lanqotshelwa eHarana. Lapho behlaselwa ibutho laseBhabhiloni elalingazibekile phansi, abase-Asiriya bazama ukuzabalaza kuze kube yilapho kufika usizo lwaseGibhithe. Kodwa njengoba ayelibangise enyakatho, uFaro Nekho wavinjezelwa yimpi yenkosi yakwaJuda uJosiya eMegido. (2Kho 23:29) Wathi eqambe efika eHarana uFaro Nekho, kwase kwephuzile—wawusuwile uMbuso Wase-Asiriya.
UMbuso WaseBhabhiloni
Yimuphi umuzi owucabangayo uma uzwa inkulumo ethi “izingadi ezisezindaweni eziphakeme”? IBhabhiloni, inhloko-dolobha yombuso wezwe owawubizwa ngalo leli gama nowachazwa yisiprofetho ngokuthi uyingonyama enamaphiko. (Dan 7:4) Lo muzi wawaziwa ngengcebo yawo, ezentengiselwano, nentuthuko kwezenkolo nasekufundeni izinkanyezi. Lo mbuso wawusemathafeni anamaxhaphozi aseningizimu yeMesophothamiya, phakathi komfula iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe. Lo muzi wawungapha nangapha kwe-Ewufrathe, futhi izindonga zawo zaziwenza ubonakale ungenakunqotshwa.
AbaseBhabhiloni basungula izindlela ababehamba kuzo bethengisa, ezazinqamula ugwadule olunamatshe lwase-Arabhiya esenyakatho. INkosi uNabonidasi yake yahlala eThema, yashiya kubusa uBhelishazari eBhabhiloni.
IBhabhiloni lahlasela iKhanani kathathu. Ngemva kokuba uNebukhadinezari ebahlulile abaseGibhithe eKharikemishi ngo-625 B.C.E., abaseBhabhiloni badlulela eningizimu eHamati, lapho baphinde babahlula khona abaseGibhithe abase bebaleka. AbaseBhabhiloni babe sebehla ngogu bayofika esigodini sesifufula saseGibhithe, njengoba besendleleni baqotha imbokodo nesisekelo e-Ashikeloni. (2Kho 24:7; Jer 47:5-7) Phakathi nalo mbhidlango, uJuda waba umbuso ongaphansi kweBhabhiloni.—2Kho 24:1.
INkosi yakwaJuda, uJehoyakimi, yadlubulunda ngo-618 B.C.E. IBhabhiloni labe selithumela amabutho ezizwe ezakhelene nalo ukuba ayolwa noJuda, amabutho aseBhabhiloni wona ahaqa iJerusalema futhi alinqoba. Kungakapheli sikhathi, iNkosi uZedekiya yazihlanganisa nombuso waseGibhithe, okwenza abaseBhabhiloni kwathi abamudle bamfele uJuda. Baphinde bahlasela futhi bayicekela phansi imizi yakwaJuda. (Jer 34:7) Ekugcineni, uNebukhadinezari wabhekisa amabombo eJerusalema, walinqoba ngo-607 B.C.E.—2Kro 36:17-21; Jer 39:10.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 23]
IZINCWADI ZEBHAYIBHELI EZALOTSHWA NGALE NKATHI:
UHoseya
U-Isaya
UMika
IzAga (ingxenye yazo)
UZefaniya
UNahume
UHabakuki
IsiLilo
U-Obadiya
UHezekeli
Eyoku-1 neyesi-2 AmaKhosi
UJeremiya
[Ibalazwe elisekhasini 23]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
UMbuso WaseBhabhiloni/UMbuso Wase-Asiriya
UMbuso Wase-Asiriya
B4 IMemfisi (INofi)
B4 IZowani
B5 IGIBHITHE
C2 IKHUPRO (IKITIMI)
C3 ISidoni
C3 IThire
C3 IMegido
C3 ISamariya
C4 IJerusalema
C4 I-Ashikeloni
C4 ILakishi
D2 IHarana
D2 IKharikemishi
D2 I-Aripadi
D2 IHamati
D3 IRibila
D3 ISIRIYA
D3 IDamaseku
E2 IGozani
E2 IMESOPHOTHAMIYA
F2 IMINI
F2 I-ASIRIYA
F2 IKhorsabad
F2 INineve
F2 IKhala
F2 I-Ashuri
F3 IBHABHILONIYA
F3 IBhabhiloni
F4 IKHALIDEYA
F4 I-Erekhi
F4 I-Uri
G3 IShushani
G4 I-ELAMU
UMbuso WaseBhabhiloni
C3 ISidoni
C3 IThire
C3 IMegido
C3 ISamariya
C4 IJerusalema
C4 I-Ashikeloni
C4 ILakishi
D2 IHarana
D2 IKharikemishi
D2 I-Aripadi
D2 IHamati
D3 IRibila
D3 ISIRIYA
D3 IDamaseku
D5 IThema
E2 IGozani
E2 IMESOPHOTHAMIYA
E4 I-ARABHIYA
F2 IMINI
F2 I-ASIRIYA
F2 IKhorsabad
F2 INineve
F2 IKhala
F2 I-Ashuri
F3 IBHABHILONIYA
F3 IBhabhiloni
F4 IKHALIDEYA
F4 I-Erekhi
F4 I-Uri
G3 IShushani
G4 I-ELAMU
[Ezinye Iindawo]
G2 IMEDIYA
Imigwaqo Emikhulu (Bheka encwadini)
[Amachibi amanzi]
B3 ULwandle LwaseMedithera (ULwandle Olukhulu)
C5 ULwandle Olubomvu
H1 ICaspian Sea
H5 IPersian Gulf
[Imifula]
B5 INayile
E2 I-Ewufrathe
F3 ITigrisi
[Isithombe ekhasini 22]
IGquma LaseLakishi
[Isithombe ekhasini 22]
Umfanekiso weMegido yasendulo
[Isithombe ekhasini 23]
Umfanekiso wezingadi zaseBhabhiloni ezisezindaweni eziphakeme