Abantu BakaNkulunkulu Babuyela Ezweni Labo
IZINTABA ezimbili eziphakeme—i-Elburz (eseningizimu yeCaspian Sea) neZagros (eseningizimu-mpumalanga ngasePersian Gulf)—zakha undi oluzungeza inkangala ye-Iran yanamuhla. Luhlukaniswe izigodi ezivundile ezilulekile ezinemithambeka egcwele izihlahla. Kulezi zigodi kunesimo sezulu esikahle, kodwa phezulu emathafeni omile nahashulwe umoya, amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha ebusika. Eduze kwale nkangala kukhona ugwadule olunemizi egqagqene. Yikhona lapha kulesi sifunda, empumalanga yeMesophothamiya, lapho kwaqala khona uMbuso WamaMede NamaPheresiya.
AmaMede ayegcwele enyakatho yale nkangala, yize kamuva asakazekela e-Armenia naseKhilikhiya. AmaPheresiya wona ayegcwele eningizimu-ntshonalanga yale nkangala, empumalanga yeSigodi SaseTigrisi. Ngaphansi kokubusa kukaKoresi phakathi nekhulu lesithupha B.C.E., le mibuso emibili yahlangana, yakha uMbuso Wezwe WamaMede NamaPheresiya.
UKoresi wathumba iBhabhiloni ngo-539 B.C.E. Umbuso wakhe wenabela ngasempumalanga wafika eNdiya. Entshonalanga, wahlanganisa neGibhithe nendawo manje esiyiTurkey. UDaniyeli wawuchaza kufanele uMbuso WamaMede NamaPheresiya ngokuthi ‘ibhere eliyigovu eladla inyama eningi.’ (Dan 7:5) UKoresi wayenobuntu futhi ebabekezelela abanye. Wahlukanisa lo mbuso waba izifundazwe. Ngasinye sasinombusi waso, ngokuvamile okwakungowasePheresiya, kodwa kwakunombusi wendawo owayebusa ngaphansi kwakhe. Abantu babekhuthazwa ukuba bangawalahli amasiko nezinkolo zabo.
Ngokuvumelana nale nqubo, uKoresi wavumela amaJuda ukuba abuyele kubo ayobuyisela ukukhulekela kweqiniso futhi akhe kabusha iJerusalema, njengoba kuchaza u-Ezra noNehemiya. Ucabanga ukuthi leli qembu elikhulu laphindela emuva ngendlela u-Abrahama ayehambe ngayo, ekhuphuka nge-Ewufrathe ize ifike eKharikemishi, noma mhlawumbe lahamba ngendlela enqamulelayo edlula eTadimori naseDamaseku? IBhayibheli alisho. (Bheka amakhasi 6-7.) Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaJuda nawo azinza kwezinye izindawo kulo mbuso, njengeNile Delta nezinye izindawo ezisezansi neningizimu. Likhulu iqembu lamaJuda elalisele eBhabhiloni, okungenzeka ukuthi yingakho umphostoli uPetru avakashela khona emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva. (1Pet 5:13) Yebo, uMbuso WamaMede NamaPheresiya waba nengxenye ekutheni amaJuda atholakale ezindaweni eziningi phakathi nemibuso eyalandela, owamaGreki nowamaRoma.
Ngemva kokunqoba iBhabhiloni, amaMede namaPheresiya awenza ikomkhulu lawo lo muzi owawushisa bhé ehlobo. IShushani, eyayikade iyinhloko-dolobha yase-Elamu, yayingomunye wemizi eyayinezigodlo zasebukhosini. Kamuva, kulapho iNkosi yasePheresiya u-Ahashiveroshi (ngokusobala onguXerxes I) akhetha khona u-Esteri ukuba abe indlovukazi yakhe futhi wabhuntshisa icebo lokuqothula abantu bakaNkulunkulu kuwo wonke lo mbuso. Ezinye izinhloko-dolobha ezimbili zamaMede namaPheresiya kwakuyi-Akimetha (eyayiphakeme ngamamitha angu-1 900, inehlobo elipholile) nePasargadae (eyayiphakeme ngendlela efanayo, iqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-650 uma uya eningizimu-mpumalanga).
Waphela kanjani lo mbuso wezwe? Ngesikhathi esedlondlobele, amaMede namaPheresiya athatha isinyathelo sokubhekana nokuvukela kwamaGreki emngceleni osenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Ngaleso sikhathi iGrisi yayisihlukaniswe yaba izifundazwe ezizibusayo, kodwa zabambisana ukuze zinqobe amabutho asePheresiya ezimpini eziwumnqamula-juqu eMarathon naseSalami. Lokhu kwavula indlela yokuba iGrisi ebumbene igumbuqele amaMede namaPheresiya yabe isidlondlobala.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 25]
Eholwa uZerubhabhele, amadoda ama-Israyeli acishe abe ngu-50 000 athatha uhambo olungamakhilomitha angu-800 kuya ku-1 600 (kuye ngokuthi ayehamba ngayiphi indlela) lapho esebuyela eJerusalema. Abhekana nesimo esibucayi kakhulu kwezomnotho. Kwase kuphele iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa izwe lawo liyincithakalo. Laba bantu ababuyela ezweni lakubo baqala ukubuyisela ukukhulekela kweqiniso ngokwakha kabusha i-altare nangokunikela ngemihlatshelo kuJehova. Ekwindla ka-537 B.C.E., bagubha uMkhosi Wamadokodo. (Jer 25:11; 29:10) Ngemva kwalokho, babe sebebeka isisekelo sendlu kaJehova.
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IZINCWADI ZEBHAYIBHELI EZALOTSHWA NGALE NKATHI:
UDaniyeli
UHagayi
UZakariya
U-Esteri
AmaHubo (ingxenye yawo)
Eyoku-1 neyesi-2 IziKronike
U-Ezra
UNehemiya
UMalaki
[Ibalazwe elisekhasini 24]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
UMbuso WamaMede NamaPheresiya
A2 IMAKEDONIYA
A2 ITHRACE
A4 IKhurene
A4 ILIBHIYA
B2 IByzantium
B2 ILIDIYA
B3 ISardesi
B4 IMemfisi (INofi)
B4 IGIBHITHE
B5 INo-Amoni (IThebes)
B5 ISiyene
C3 IKHILIKHIYA
C3 ITarsu
C3 I-Issus
C3 IKharikemishi
C3 ITadimori
C3 ISIRIYA
C3 ISidoni
C3 IDamaseku
C3 IThire
C4 IJerusalema
D2 IPhasis
D2 I-ARMENIA
D3 I-ASIRIYA
D3 INineve
D4 IBhabhiloni
E3 IMEDIYA
E3 I-Akimetha
E3 IHYRCANIA
E4 IShushani
E4 I-ELAMU
E4 IPasargadae
E4 IPersepolis
E4 IPHERESIYA
F3 IPARTE
F4 IDRANGIANA
G2 IMaracanda (ISamarkand)
G3 ISOGDIANA
G3 IBACTRIA
G3 I-ARIA
G4 I-ARACHOSIA
G4 IGEDROSIA
H5 INDIYA
[Ezinye Iindawo]
A2 IGRISI
A3 IMarathon
A3 I-Athene
A3 ISalami
C1 ISCYTHIA
C4 I-Elati (I-Eloti)
C4 IThema
D4 I-ARABHIYA
[Izintaba]
E3 IZINT. ZASE-ELBURZ
E4 IZINT. ZASEZAGROS
[Amachibi amanzi]
B3 ULwandle LwaseMedithera (ULwandle Olukhulu)
C2 ULwandle Olumnyama
C5 ULwandle Olubomvu
E2 ICaspian Sea
E4 IPersian Gulf
[Imifula]
B4 INayile
C3 I-Ewufrathe
D3 ITigrisi
H4 I-Indus
[Isithombe ekhasini 24]
Amabutho kaKoresi kwadingeka anqamule iziNtaba zaseZagros ukuze afike eBhabhiloni
[Isithombe ekhasini 25]
Ngenhla: ISango Lazo Zonke Izizwe ePersepolis
[Isithombe ekhasini 25]
Esiphakathi: Ithuna likaKoresi, ePasargadae