Ukwanda Kwezindaba Ezimbi
WAKE waphawula yini ukuthi izihloko ezibika izindaba ezimbi zivusa isithakazelo esikhulu kwabazifundayo kunezibika izindaba ezinhle? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisihloko sephephandaba senhlekelele engokwemvelo noma inhlebo ehlabahlosile evezwe ngokugqamile esembozweni esingaphambili sikamagazini okhangayo, kubonakala sengathi izindaba ezimbi zithengwa kakhulu kunezindaba ezinhle.
Namuhla izindaba ezimbi aziswelakali. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi umuntu uye azibuze ukuthi kazi izintatheli ziqeqeshelwe ukufuna nokuvumbulula izindaba ezimbi yini—zingabikho nhlobo izindaba ezinhle.
Zidlangile Kuwo Wonke Umlando
Ngempela, izindaba ezimbi ziye zadlanga kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka, zadlula zonke izindaba ezinhle. Imiqulu yomlando ithambekele kakhulu ekulandiseni ngokuhlupheka, ukudumazeka, nokuphelelwa ithemba kwabantu, okuye kwaba ingxenye yokuphila kwesintu.
Ake sicabangele izibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Incwadi ethi Chronicle of the World, elotshwe uJacques Legrand, inikeza iqoqo lezindaba, ngayinye yazo ibhalwe usuku oluqondile leso senzakalo esenzeka ngalo kodwa njengokungathi ixoxwa intatheli yanamuhla ebika lesi senzakalo. Kulemibiko ecwaningisisiwe, sithola umbono obanzi wezindaba ezimbi ezisakazekile umuntu aye wazizwa phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okunezinkathazo lapha kuleplanethi enguMhlaba.
Okokuqala, cabangela lombiko wesikhathi sangaphambili owawuvela eGreece ngo-429 B.C.E. Ubika impi eyayiphakathi kwe-Athens neSparta ngaleso sikhathi: “Umbuso ozimele wasePotidaea uye waphoqeleka ukuba ucele umaluju kwabase-Athens abawukakile ngemva kokugunywa indlala kangangokuthi abantu bakhona bese bedla izidumbu zabafile babo.” Izindaba ezimbi ngempela!
Uma sidlulela ekhulwini lokuqala ngaphambi kweSikhathi sethu Esivamile, sithola umbiko ocacile wokufa kukaJulius Caesar, owanyatheliswa eRoma ngo-March 15, 44 B.C. “UJulius Caesar ubulewe. Ugwazwe wafa yiqembu labebemakhele uzungu, abanye babo kungabangane bakhe abaseduze kakhulu, lapho ethi uhlala phansi eNdlini YoMkhandlu Wezigele namuhla, ngolweshumi nanhlanu ku-March.”
Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela, izindaba ezimbi zaqhubeka zidlanga. Esinye isibonelo esishaqisayo yilezi zindaba ezazivela eMexico ngo-1487: “Emhlatshelweni ongumbukwane ukudlula yonke eyake yabonwa enhloko-dolobha yama-Aztec, iTenochtitlan, abantu abangu-20 000 baye bakhishwa izinhliziyo zanikelwa kuHuitzilopochtli, unkulunkulu wempi.”
Akulona nje kuphela unya lomuntu oluye lwabangela izindaba ezimbi kodwa ubudedengu bakhe buye banezela ohlwini lwazo olude. Iqubula lomlilo laseLondon libonakala lingenye yezinhlekelele ezinjalo. Umbiko wango-September 5, 1666, owawuvela eLondon, eNgilandi, ufundeka kanje: “Ekugcineni, ngemva kwezinsuku ezine nobusuku obune, umlilo waseLondon unqandwe i-duke of York, efike namaqembu emikhumbi yempi asebenzisa umsizi wesibhamu ekuqhumiseni izakhiwo umlilo obuseza kuzo. Indawo engama-acre angu-400 [amahektare angu-160] ishe yangqongqa futhi amasonto angu-87 nemizi engaphezu kuka-13 000 ibhubhile. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi kufe abayisishiyagalolunye kuphela.”
Kulezi zibonelo zezindaba ezimbi kumelwe sinezele imiqedazwe yezifo eye yadlanga emazwekazini amaningi—ngokwesibonelo, umqedazwe wekholera ekuqaleni kwawo-1830. Isihloko esishicilelwe esibika ngalokhu sifundeka kanje: “Ukusabalala kwekholera kuyaphikelela eYurophu.” Umbiko ongokoqobo olandelayo uveza izindaba ezimbi ezethusa kakhulu: “Ikholera, ebingaziwa eYurophu kwaze kwaba ngu-1817, isakazekela entshonalanga isuka e-Asia. Kakade abantu basemadolobheni aseRussia anjengeMoscow neSt. Petersburg babhubhile—iningi lezisulu abampofu abahlala emadolobheni.”
Ukudlondlobala Kwazo Eminyakeni Yamuva
Ngakho nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi izindaba ezimbi bezilokhu zikhona kuwo wonke umlando ogciniwe, amashumi eminyaka amuva kuleli khulu lama-20 anikeza ubufakazi bokuthi izindaba ezimbi ziyanda, ngempela zidlondlobala ngokushesha.
Ngokungangabazeki, izindaba zezimpi ziye zaba uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwezindaba ezimbi eziye zezwakala kuleli khulu lethu leminyaka. Izimpi ezimbili ezinkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni—ezibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi iMpi Yezwe I neMpi Yezwe II—ngokuqinisekile zaba nezindaba ezimbi ngezinga elihlasimulisayo ezabikwa. Kodwa ngempela lokho kuye kwaba nje ingxenye encane yezindaba ezimbi leli khulu leminyaka eliye laba nazo.
Cabangela izihloko zamaphephandaba ezimbalwa ezimane zakhethwa nje:
September 1, 1923: Ukuzamazama kuqothula iTokyo—kufe abangu-300 000; September 20, 1931: Inhlekelele—IBrithani yehlisa amandla ephawundi; June 25, 1950: INyakatho Korea iyamasha ilibangise eNingizimu; October 26, 1956: Abantu baseHungary bavukela ukubusa kweSoviet; November 22, 1963: UJohn Kennedy udutshulwe wafa eDallas; August 21, 1968: Ombayimbayi baseRussia bayangenela bezobhuntshisa ukuvukela kwasePrague; September 12, 1970: Izindiza ezithunjiwe ziqhunyiselwe ogwadule; December 25, 1974: Isiphepho uTracy sicoboshise iDarwin—kufe abangu-66; April 17, 1975: ICambodia iwela ezandleni zamabutho amaKhomanisi; November 18, 1978: Uquqaba luyazibulala eGuyana; October 31, 1984: UNkk. Gandhi udutshulwe wafa; January 28, 1986: Isiphuphutheki siqhume sisuka nje; April 26, 1986: Umshini wokuphehla ugesi waseSoviet uyasha; October 19, 1987: Imakethe yokuhweba ngamasheya iyawa; March 25, 1989: I-Alaska yonakaliswa ukuchitheka kukawoyela; June 4, 1989: Amasosha abhuqabhuqa ababhikishi eTiananmen Square.
Yebo umlando ubonisa ukuthi selokhu kwathi nhló izindaba ezimbi zilokhu ziyinala, kuyilapho izindaba ezinhle ziye zaba ingcosana ngokuqhathaniswa. Njengoba izindaba ezimbi ziye zadlondlobala emakhulwini amuva eminyaka, izindaba ezinhle ziye zancipha unyaka ngamunye odlulayo.
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[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 3]
WHO/League of Red Cross