Ðe Woate Ŋu Ana Xexeame Nawɔ Ðekaa?

‘Nusi dzɔ zi geɖe hegbɔ eme akpae nye be edze abe lé fu hawòvie nye amewo ƒe taɖodzinu le ƒe 1992 me ene.’

Nenemae Newsweek kpɔ tso nusiwo le dzɔdzɔm la ŋu. Magazinea gblɔ kpe ɖe eŋu be: “Mamã siawo—siwo le aƒelikawo, ŋutigbalẽ vovovo me tɔwo, kple dukɔwo dome la—nye nusiwo teƒe míekpɔ zi geɖe eye ƒe sia me nudzɔdzɔwo na míekea ɖi be míete ŋu le mamã siawo ɖem ɖa o.”

Le ŋkeke ʋee siawo me la, asrafowo ƒe amedzidzedzewo, amehawo wuwu, kple nyɔnuwo gbɔdɔdɔ sesẽe si yi edzi le afisi woyɔna tsã be Yugoslavia nye nyadzɔdzɔ si ŋuti amewo le nu ƒom le le xexeame godoo. Le Bosnia kple Herzegovina ɖeɖe dzaa la, wowu ame 150,000 alo wo dometɔ aɖewo wobú. Wonyã ame 1,500,000 le woa ŋutɔwo ƒe aƒewo me. Ðe nàgblɔ be nu dziŋɔ sia madzɔ gbeɖe le mia gbɔ ya oa?

Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe dɔwɔla José-María Mendiluce xlɔ̃ nu be: “Mesesẽ kura be woatrɔ amewo be woava zu fuléla kple amewula mabutamewo o. . . . Ɣetoɖoƒetɔwo ƒe susu aɖee nye be nusita wowɔ aʋa le Italy gaƒoƒo etɔ̃ koe nye be Balkantɔwo to vovo sã tso Europatɔ bubuwo gbɔ. Vodada gã aɖee nye ma wowɔ.”

Esi wogbã Soviet Union le ƒe 1991 me la, enumake ko wodze dukɔmeviʋawɔwɔwo gɔme. Wowu amesiwo ade 1,500 eye wonyã amesiwo ade 80,000 de gbe le tsã Soviet-du si nye Georgia me. Aʋawɔwɔ si yi edzi le Moldova la tsrɔ̃ ame alafa geɖewo eye ame akpe geɖe zu aƒemanɔsitɔwo. Amewo bu woƒe agbe le Armenia kple Azerbaijan ƒe avuwɔwɔa hã me, eye nenema kee wòdzɔe le tsã Soviet ƒe du bubuwo hã me.

Russiae nye tsã Soviet ƒe dukɔ gãtɔ. Gbevovovodola siwo le afima kura gɔ̃ hã le agbagba dzem be yewoazu dukɔ nɔɖokuisiwo. Eyata le July 1993 me la, The European ka nya ta be: “Mamã gbɔna Russia Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔhabɔbɔ dome ɖo ge.” Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽa yi dzi be: “Le kwasiɖa ʋee siwo va yi me la, nuto gã etɔ̃ me nɔlawo da asi ɖe edzi be yewoazu dukɔ anɔ yewo ɖokui si . . . Dukɔ etɔ̃ bubuwo hã gblɔ kwasiɖa si va yi be yewole nu ma ke wɔ ge.”

Ne woɖo dukɔ vovovowo anyi la, ase ŋkɔ sesẽ aɖewo abe Kaliningrad, Tatarstan, Stavropolye, Chechnya, Vologda, Sverdlovsk, Bashkortostan, Yakutiya, kple Primorye. Ðe esia mede sɔsɔ ge kple nusi dzɔ le dukɔ si woyɔna tsã be Yugoslavia—afisi woɖo dukɔ siwo nye Serbia, Croatia, kple Slovenia anyi le eye wòwɔ abe wogagbɔna dukɔ bubuwo ɖo ge anyi ene me oa?

Amerika-dukɔa ƒe agbalẽŋlɔla Warren Christopher ƒo nu tso “dukɔmeviwo, subɔsubɔhawo kple habɔbɔwo dome ʋawɔwɔ si gafɔ ɖe te” la ŋu eye wòbia be: “Ne míeto mɔ aɖeke dzi be dukɔmevi vovovoawo nate ŋu anɔ anyi kple wo nɔewo le dukɔ ɖeka me o la, ekema dukɔ nenie ava nɔ anyi?” Egblɔ be woade akpe geɖewo.

Mamã le Afisiafi

Le wò susu nu la, dukɔmeviwo, subɔsubɔhawo kple habɔbɔwo dome ʋawɔwɔ nenie nɔ edzi yim le ƒe si va yi ƒe gɔmedzedze me? Ðe nàgblɔ be 4, 7, 9, 13, alo 15 yea? Le ƒe si va yi ƒe February me la, The New York Times gblɔ be wo katã nye 48! Womeɖea ame kuku siwo ƒo ʋu kpanyã kple ɖevi siwo ŋɔdzi lé le aʋawɔwɔ 48 mawo katã me la fia mí le television dzi o, gake ɖe esia ɖe vevesese si wòhe vɛ dzi kpɔtɔ na amesiwo ŋu wògblẽ nu lea?

Xexeame ƒe akpa aɖeke meli si aʋa mate ŋu adzɔ le o. Le Nigeria, afisi gbe vovovo siwo de 200 la dolawo le la, nusi le ŋɔdzi dom na woe nye dukɔmeviʋa ƒe dzɔdzɔ. Time magazine ka nya ta be, “masɔmasɔ siawo ate ŋu ana dukɔmeviwo ƒe hatsotso gãtɔ etɔ̃awo—Hausatɔwo, Ibotɔwo kple Yorubatɔwo—nakpe aʋa kple wo nɔewo.” Egblɔ kpe ɖe eŋu be: “Numekula aɖewo gblɔ be Nigeria ƒe nudzɔdzɔawo ate ŋu ava zu abe nusi dzɔ le Yugoslavia ene.”Nenema kee gbevovovodolawo dome ʋawɔwɔ gblẽ nu le Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika dukɔ si nye Liberia hã ŋui. Aʋawɔha aɖe si tsi tre ɖe dziɖuɖua ŋu ƒe ŋgɔnɔla dzidela siwo tso Gio kple Mano ƒe toawo me la kpe ɖe eŋu wòɖe dukɔa kplɔla si nye Krahntɔ le zi dzi. Amesiwo wu 20,000 ku le dukɔmeviʋa si va dzɔ ɖe nya ma ta la me eye wonyã ame akpe alafa geɖewo de gbe.

Yevuwo kple ameyibɔwo kpe aʋa le Dziehe Afrika le esi wole amesi aɖu dukɔa dzi ƒe ho ʋlim ta. Gake menye ameyibɔwo kple yevuwo dome koe aʋaa le edzi yim le o. Le ƒe si va yi ɖeɖeko me la, wowu amesiwo ade 3,000 le ameyibɔwo ɖeɖe dome ʋawɔwɔ me.

Amesiwo ade 300,000 ku le Somalia eye ame miliɔn geɖewo zu aƒemanɔsitɔwo esime towo dome ʋawɔwɔ keke ta va zu dukɔmeviʋawɔwɔ. Le Burundi kple Rwanda la, ame akpe geɖewo ku le aʋa si Hututɔwo kple Tutsitɔwo wɔ le ƒe siwo va yi nyitsɔ laa me.

Edze abe aʋawɔwɔ nu mele fafam le Yudatɔwo kple Arabtɔwo dome le Israel, le Hindutɔwo kple Moslemtɔwo dome le India, kple le Protestantɔwo kple Katolikotɔwo dome le Ireland o ene. Ŋutigbalẽ vovovo tɔwo dome ŋutasesẽnuwɔwɔ hã dzɔ le ƒe si va yi me le Los Angeles, California, si me amesiwo wu 40 bu woƒe agbe le. Afisiafi si ameƒomevi, dukɔ, alo subɔsubɔha vovovo me tɔwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu le ko la, avuwɔwɔ ŋɔdzitɔe koe yia edzi zi geɖe.

Ðe amegbetɔwo ate ŋu akpɔ ta na gbevovovodolawo dome ʋawɔwɔ ƒe kuxi sesẽ sia?

Amewo ƒe Agbagbadzedze Ðekae le Eŋu

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, bu nusi dzɔ ɖe agbagba siwo wodze ɖe dukɔ siwo woyɔna tsã be Yugoslavia kple Soviet Union ŋuti la ŋu kpɔ. Agbagba si wodze le ƒe 1929 me be woaƒo gbevovovodola siwo le Europa ƒe dzieheɣedzeƒe gome nu ƒu woazu dukɔ ɖeka ye na be woɖo Yugoslavia anyi. Nenema kee woɖo Soviet Union hã anyi to ameƒomevi vovovo siwo ƒe ŋutigbalẽ, subɔsubɔ, kple dukɔ siwo me wotso to vovo la nu ƒoƒo ƒu ɖekae me. Dziɖuɖu likewo nɔ dukɔ eve siawo si siwo ƒo woƒe dukɔmeviwo nu ƒu ɖekae heɖu wo dzi, eye mlɔeba la eva wɔ na wo be yewoƒe dukɔmeviwo va nya alesi woanɔ anyi ɖekae kple wo nɔewo.

Serbiatɔwo ƒe dumegã aɖe gblɔ be: “Do ŋgɔ na aʋawɔwɔa la, Bosnia- kple Yugoslavia-nyigbatata nɔ abe laklẽgbalẽ ene. Ameawo tsaka kple wo nɔewo si wɔe be wo me manya mã o.” Le nyateƒe me la, srɔ̃tɔ 15 le alafa ɖesiaɖe me le Yugoslavia nye gbevovovodolawo. Ðekawɔwɔ ƒe nuwɔna ma kee yi edzi esime gbevovovodolawo tsaka kple wo nɔewo le Soviet Union.

Eyata zitɔtɔ gã aɖee wònye esi dukɔmeviʋa va dzɔ le ƒe geɖe ƒe ŋutifafa megbe. Egbea abe alesi nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla aɖe ŋlɔe ene la, fifia amewo “nɔa te ɖe ameƒomevi vovovowo, subɔsubɔha kple dukɔ si me tɔ wonye dzi tsɔ fiaa afisi woyɔ kpɔ be Yugoslavia lae.” Nukatae dukɔ siawo me mã klukluklui esime dziɖuɖu sesẽ siawo dze anyi?

Nusiwo Gbɔe Wòtso

Le dzɔdzɔme nu la, amewo meléa fu amesiwo menye wo deviwo o. Hadzidzi nyanyɛ aɖe gblɔ kpɔ be, ele be ‘woafia nu wò nyuie do ŋgɔ be nàlé fu amesiwo katã wò ƒometɔwo lé fui, hafi wòatsi megbe akpa, hafi nàxɔ ƒe ade alo adre alo enyi.’ Hadzidzi sia ƒo nu tso ɖekakpui kple ɖetugbi srɔ̃tɔ aɖe siwo edze ƒã be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototo le wo dome la ŋu. Gake tagbɔdɔléleŋutinunyala Zarka Kovac gblɔ be, “masɔmasɔ gobii aɖeke” mele amesiwo le dukɔ si woyɔna tsã be Yugoslavia la dome o. Gake ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔa nu sẽ wu gbɔgblɔ. Kovac gblɔ be: “Ele be nàfli amesi nèwu la kakɛkakɛe ne magakpɔe adze sii be ye nɔvie o.’

Eme kɔ ƒã be womede ameƒomevi kple dukɔmevinyenye ƒe fuléle ma amegbetɔ me tso dzɔdzɔme o. Nyakakalawo kple ƒometɔ siwo ɖoa ŋku ŋutasesẽnu siwo wowɔ ɖe wo ŋu kpɔ va yi tsɔa ŋuɖɔɖɔɖo gblɔa nya siawo na amewo eye wotoa esia wɔwɔ me fianɛ amewo. Anye amekae le ŋusẽ dom amewo be woawɔ nusiawo katã? Esi asitsala aɖe si tso Sarajevo nɔ agbagba dzem be yease alesi aʋawɔwɔ dzi ŋɔe gɔme la, eʋae wòƒo nya ta be: “Esi wowɔ Bosnia-ʋa ƒe ɖeka vɔ megbe la, meva xɔe se be Satanae le zitɔtɔwo hem vɛ. Tsukuku ŋutɔŋutɔe nye esia.”

Togbɔ be ame geɖe mexɔ Satana Abosam ƒe anyinɔnɔ dzi se o hã la, Biblia ya ɖee fia be ame makpɔmakpɔ aɖe li si tri akɔ wu amegbetɔwo si na ameƒomea me tɔwo wɔa nu vɔɖi. (Mateo 4:1-11; Yohanes 12:31) Ne ède ŋugble tso eŋu la—tso amemetiatia, fuléle, kple nuvlowɔwɔ siwo katã mele dzɔdzɔme nu o ŋu la—ɖewohĩ àlɔ̃ ɖe edzi be Biblia meka aʋatso o esi wògblɔ be: “Abosam kple Satana, . . . nye xexeame katã blela.”—Nyaɖeɖefia 12:9; Yohanes I, 5:19.

Mɔkpɔkpɔ Li

Ne míede ŋugble tso xexeame ƒe zitɔtɔ le nyitsɔ laa ƒe ɣeyiɣi siwo va yi me ŋuti la, edze abe ameƒomea ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ si dim amewo le ƒe emevava gbɔ gadidi wu tsã ene. Dukɔwo kple ameƒomeviwo dome avuwɔwɔ le ŋɔdzi dom na amegbetɔ ƒe agbenɔnɔ fifia wu ɣeyiɣi ɖesiaɖe. Gake le xexeame katã ƒe blukɔdodo sia me la, mɔkpɔkpɔ aɖe si me kɔ nyuie la le ame aɖewo si sum. Le ƒe 1993 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la habɔbɔ aɖe si me tɔwo tso dukɔmeviwo ƒe hatsotso vovovo siwo le aʋa wɔm kple wo nɔewo me la ɖe lɔlɔ̃ aɖe si bla wo ɖekae la fia wo nɔewo eye wòna be woɖu dukɔmevinyenye ƒe fuléle dzi eye woƒo ƒu wɔ dɔ le lɔlɔ̃ kple ɖekawɔwɔ me.

Ewɔ nuku be nublaka sia kee nye nusi dea mamã ameƒomea me zi geɖe—eyae nye mawusubɔsubɔ. Time magazine ka nya ta be: “Ne èdo afɔ na towo alo dukɔwo dome fuléle sesẽ ɖesiaɖe la àkpɔe zi geɖe be mawusubɔsubɔe nye nusi gbɔ kuxia tso . . . Mawusubɔsubɔ me fuléle va zu nublanuimakpɔmakpɔ kple nuwɔna si dzi woda asi ɖo.” Nya ma ƒomevie India Today hã gblɔ be: “Mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe ŋkɔ mee wole ŋutasesẽnu siwo dzi ŋɔ wu ɖesiaɖe wɔm le. . . . Eɖea mɔ wowɔa nu vlo geɖe eye wònye ŋusẽ si gblẽa nu ale gbegbe.”

Nyateƒee wònye be zi geɖe la, kuxia ƒe akpa aɖewo tsoa mawusubɔsubɔ gbɔ, ke menye egbɔkpɔnu boŋ o. Gake subɔsubɔha si ŋuti míeƒo nu le va yi—si me nɔlawo sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ—ya ɖee fia be mawusubɔsubɔ ate ŋu ate amewo ƒo ƒu, menye be wòade mamã wo dome o. Amekawoe nye habɔbɔ sia me tɔwo? Eye nukatae wokpɔ dzidzedze geɖe le esime ame bubuwo ya do kpo nu? Be nàkpɔ nya siawo ƒe ŋuɖoɖo la, míele kpewòm be nàxlẽ nyati siwo kplɔe ɖo. Esia wɔwɔ akpe ɖe ŋuwò be ameƒomea ƒe etsɔ me ŋuti nukpɔsusu yeye nasu asiwò.

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 3]

Ameɖiƒe aɖe le Bosnia. Haley/Sipa Press