Mawunyadɔgbedelawo—Ameka ƒe Kpɔɖeŋue Woasrɔ̃?
HAFI Yesu Kristo nade se na eyomedzelawo be woawɔ nusrɔ̃lawo la, subɔsubɔha bubuwo nɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔ ƒomevi aɖe si mede ŋgɔ boo o wɔm xoxo. Wo dometɔ aɖewo wɔe yi ŋgɔ wu bubuwo, elabena menye subɔsubɔhawo katãe ɖoe be yewoƒe nya naɖo xexeame katã o, efia be menye wo katãe fiaa nusi wobu be eku ɖe dukɔ ɖesiaɖe me tɔwo ŋu sɔsɔe o.
Le kpɔɖeŋu me, The Encyclopedia of Religion gblɔ be xexeametɔwo katã gbɔ ɖoɖo ƒe taɖodzinu sia mede ŋgɔ nyuie le “subɔsubɔha siwo nye afi aɖe koŋ tɔwo tɔ kple le Shintō me o, eye medzena gaglãa ale le Konfusio, Yuda, kple Zoroasta subɔsubɔwo ƒe kɔmamã geɖe me o.” “Amewo ƒe ʋuʋu alo dukɔ siwo te ɖe wo ŋu ƒe gege ɖe haa me vivivi dzi koŋ” subɔsubɔha siawo to kaka “tsɔ wu be wòanye to mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe dɔwɔna siwo ŋu ɖoɖo le dzi.”
Nugɔmekugbalẽa gblɔ kpee be: “Hindu-subɔsubɔha nye esia ƒe kpɔɖeŋu tɔxɛ aɖe si gɔmesese nye dɔ ale gbegbe. Togbɔ be le nu geɖe me la, eɖi subɔsubɔha siwo meɖoa mawunyadɔgbedelawo ɖe duta o” elabena amesiwo menye Hindutɔwo o ƒe gege ɖe ha la me vivivi dzie wòto kaka hã la, le go bubu me la, “ɣeyiɣi aɖewo nɔ anyi si me wowɔ dutamawunyagblɔdɔ vevie.”
Max L. Stackhouse si le Andover Newton Mawunyafiasuku me la gblɔ be: “Subɔsubɔha siwo li egbea siwo gblɔna be yewodina be yewoƒe nufiafia nawɔ dɔ ɖe amesiame dzi sɔsɔe eye woɖea dutamawunyagbɔgblɔ ƒe dzonɔameme fiana le teƒe bubu siwo menye afimae ha la dzɔ tso o” dometɔ aɖewoe nye Islam kple Buddha-subɔsubɔha. Gake Islam ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo mate ŋu anye kpɔɖeŋu na Kristotɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo o, elabena anye ƒe 590 le Kristo ƒe sededea be woawɔ nusrɔ̃lawo megbe hafi Islam va dzɔ. Gake Buddha-subɔsubɔha ya tsɔ ɣeyiɣi si ƒe didime de sɔsɔ ge kple esi Kristotɔnyenye tsɔ le ŋgɔe na Islam la do ŋgɔ na Kristotɔnyenye.
Mɔɖeɖeɖenuŋu ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu Aɖe
Wotu xo be Buddha la ɖo mawunyadɔgbededɔ aɖe anyi esi wògblɔ na eƒe nusrɔ̃lawo be: “Miheyi, mi saɖaganunɔlawo, miɖe gbeƒã Nufiafia nyui la, . . . mi ame eve migayi ɖe teƒe ɖeka o!” Gake mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe ha siwo ɖo teƒe geɖe mebɔ o, togbɔ be Buddhatɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ɖo Europa le ƒe alafa enelia D.M.Ŋ. me hã. Le go geɖe me la, ame ɖekaɖeka siwo nye mɔzɔla asitsalawo, amesiwo ɖia tsa le mawusubɔƒewo, alo sukuviwoe kaka ha la. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, asitsamɔ siwo to atsiaƒu alo anyigba dzi la dzie wòto ɖo China kple Dzieheɣedzeƒe Asia.
Erik Zürcher si tso Leiden Yunivɛsiti si le Netherlands la gblɔ be nu etɔ̃ gbɔ koŋ ye Buddha-subɔsubɔha ƒe takeke tso. Ðekae nye Buddha-subɔsubɔha ƒe “mɔɖeɖe ɖe subɔsubɔha ɖesiaɖe ŋu.” Esia na wònɔ bɔbɔe be woaxɔ “dzixɔse siwo menye Buddhatɔwo tɔ o la be wonye gbɔgbɔmeɖeɖefia gbãtɔwo kple woƒe akpa aɖe” eye woxɔ “mawu siwo menye Buddhatɔwo tɔ o hã de woƒe mawuwo dome.”
Nu eveliae nye be Buddhatɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo yi afisi woyɔna be menye “ame aɖeke ƒe anyigba o” dzi, efia be wogblɔ be yewomele nusiwo de vovototo amewo me le xexeame dometɔ aɖeke me o. Esi vovototodedeameme ƒe mɔxenuwo, si Buddha mebu nu vevii o, medo kplamatse wo o ta la, wote ŋu tsaka kple amedzrowo faa eye womenɔ vɔvɔ̃m be ava do gu yewo o.
Nu etɔ̃liae nye womebu gbe kɔkɔe ɖeka aɖeke be eya mee Buddha-subɔsubɔha ƒe agbalẽ kɔkɔewo anɔ o. Woate ŋu aɖe wo gɔme ɖe gbegbɔgblɔ ɖesiaɖe me bɔbɔe. Zürcher gblɔ be: “Mawunyadɔgbedela siwo xɔ ŋkɔ wu nye gbegɔmeɖela veviwo hã, vevietɔ le China.” Le nyateƒe me la, woɖe agbalẽwo gɔme ale gbegbe be Chinagbe va zu gbe etɔ̃lia si me Buddhatɔwo ƒe agbalẽwo le, eye wòva kpe ɖe Paligbe kple Sanskritgbe ŋu.
Le ƒe alafa etɔ̃lia D.M.Ŋ. ƒe domedome la, India-fiaɖuƒe la dziɖula, Fia Aśoka, dze agbagba geɖe be Buddha-subɔsubɔha nakeke ta, eye edo ŋusẽe le mawunyadɔgbededɔwo hã me. Le ɣeyiɣi si do ŋgɔ na Kristotɔwo ŋɔli sia me la, India kple afisi woyɔna egbea be Sri Lanka koŋ ye Buddha-subɔsubɔ nɔ. Kristotɔwo ƒe ɣeyiɣia ƒe gɔmedzedze megbe hafi Buddha-subɔsubɔha va ɖo China, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, kple teƒe bubuwo.
Buddha-subɔsubɔha ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela siwo woɖo ɖe China la mebui be edze vɔ̃ be yewoatrɔ asi le yewoƒe subɔsubɔha ŋu be wòasɔe na amewo o. The Encyclopedia of Religion gblɔ be “wogbugbɔ Buddhatɔwo ƒe mawunyakpukpui veviwo gɔme ɖe bubui; woŋlɔ agbalẽ siwo wotsɔ ʋli wo tae, kple hakpanya yeyewo, eye wode se eye wowɔ ɖoɖo yeye siwo trɔ Buddhatɔwo ƒe gbedasia ƒe akpa aɖewo eye le nyateƒe me la, wotrɔe ŋutɔŋutɔ bene woate ŋu azu anyigba si dzi woyi la dzi tɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔwo kple anyigba ma dzi ƒe Konfusio-subɔsubɔha kpakple Tao-subɔsubɔha ƒe akpa aɖewo eye le mɔ aɖewo nu la, be woagbugbɔ agbe ade wo me.”
Abe alesi nyati siwo gbɔna le nyati sia ƒe akpa siwo tsiã ɖe enu me aɖe emee ene la, ɣeaɖewoɣi Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo srɔ̃ Buddhatɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela siwo do ŋgɔ na wo la ƒe kpɔɖeŋu. Abe alesi ŋutinyaŋlɔla Will Durant gblɔe ene la, togbɔ be woɖe woƒe agbalẽ kɔkɔewo me ɖe gbe bubuwo me hã la, “woɖe mɔ ɖe trɔ̃subɔlawo ƒe dzixɔse kple kɔnuwo ŋu” woge ɖe woƒe subɔsubɔnuwɔnawo me zi geɖe, alo wodo nusiawo ɖe ŋgɔ gɔ̃ hã.
“Mawunyadɔgbedela Vevitɔ” Yomedzedze
Judaism and Christian Beginnings ɖe nu me be Yuda-subɔsubɔ mewɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔ le gɔmesese ma ke si nu Kristotɔnyenye wɔe le o ke boŋ subɔsubɔha si “metrɔa dzime na amewo boo o” ye wònye. Gake Samuel Sandmel si ŋlɔ agbalẽ ma gblɔ be “ne mede ɖeke o hã la, wodina zi geɖe be yewoawɔe, eye wowɔnɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi ya teti.”
Sandmel ɖe nu me be “le Rabiwo ƒe agbalẽwo me la, wolɔ̃a Fofo Abraham yɔyɔ be mawunyadɔgbedela vevitɔ.” Ekɔ nu me be “ne menye ɖe Yudatɔwo ƒe akpa aɖewo ya teti kpɔa dzidzɔ ɖe dzimetrɔlawo didi vevie ŋu, alo ɖe amesiwo di dzimetɔtrɔ sia le wo ɖokui si xɔxɔ ɖe woƒe xɔse la me ŋu o la, anye ne le nyateƒe me la, womabu Abraham mawunyadɔgbedelae o.”a
Ðaseɖiɖiwo fia be le ƒe alafa eve siwo do ŋgɔ na Mía Ŋɔli me la, Yudatɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔ dzi ɖe edzi, vevietɔ le dukɔ siwo me wodoa Helagbe le me, esime amewo megava nɔ vivi dom ɖe trɔ̃subɔsubɔ ŋu o. Dɔ sia yi edzi va de asi na ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe le Mía Ŋɔli ƒe ɣeyiɣia me, gake le ƒe alafa enelia M.Ŋ. me la, Roma Fiaɖuƒea de se ɖe enu esime woxɔ Kristotɔnyenye si wotɔ tsii wòzu fiaɖuƒea ƒe subɔsubɔha.
Kpɔɖeŋua Ðoɖo
Gake menye kpɔɖeŋu si Yudatɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ɖo ɖie wogblɔ na Kristotɔ mawunyadɔgbedelawo be woasrɔ̃ o. Le nyateƒe me la, Yesu gblɔ le eŋɔli me Yudatɔ Farisitɔwo ŋu be: “Mietsana le ƒu kple anyigba dzi, bena miawɔ trɔ̃subɔla ɖeka wòazu Yudatɔ, eye ne ezui la, ekema miewɔe dzomavɔʋe ƒe vi, si wu mia ŋutɔwo zi eve.” (Mateo 23:15) Eyata togbɔ be Yudatɔ mawunyadɔgbedelawo bu Abraham ‘mawunyadɔgbedela vevitɔe’ hã la, wometrɔ dzime na ame va Yehowa Mawu dzixɔse si nɔ Abraham si la me o.
Kpɔɖeŋu si wòle be Kristotɔ mawunyadɔgbedelawo nasrɔ̃e nye kpɔɖeŋu deblibo si Yesu Kristo, mawunyadɔgbedela vevitɔ si ɖe dzesi wu la ɖo. Ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe hafi Yesu nade eƒe nusrɔ̃lawo wɔwɔ ƒe sea la, edze hehenana eƒe nusrɔ̃la gbãtɔwo gɔme be woawɔ dukɔwo dome mawunyadɔgbededɔ sia si dɔ sia wɔwɔ ava bia la. Esi wònye dɔ si anɔ anyi ƒe alafa geɖe ye wòanye ta la, esɔ be míabia be, Ðe Kristo yomedzelawo aku ɖe kpɔɖeŋu si wòɖo la ŋu goŋgoŋua?
Ŋuɖoɖoa medze haɖe esi ƒe alafa gbãtɔ yina ɖe eƒe nuwuwu o. Gake megale nenema egbea esi ƒe alafa 20 lia yina ɖe eƒe nuwuwu o. Amesiwo gblɔna be Kristo yomedzelawoe yewonye la ƒe ƒe 1,900 ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔ si wowɔ la li míakpɔ.
Kristotɔnyenye dzɔ le Palestina eye wòkaka tso afima ɖe xexeame katã. Eƒe afɔɖeɖewo dometɔ ɖekae nye alesi wòɖo ɣetoɖoƒekpa dzi le Makedonia. Xlẽ nu tso esia ŋu le míaƒe tata si gbɔna me.
Be nàkpɔ nusi Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo wɔ la, xlẽ nusi yi edzi ƒe alafa geɖewo le Mexico. Ne èle nudzɔdzɔ sia si gbɔna xlẽm la, bia ɖokuiwò se be, ‘Kekeli ƒe dɔlawoe wonye loo alo viviti ƒe dɔlawoe wonye?’
[Etenuŋɔŋlɔ]
a A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice gblɔ be: “Wobu Abraham amesiwo katã trɔ dzime va Yuda-subɔsubɔ me katã fofoe . . . Ebɔ be woyɔa amesiwo trɔ dzime va woƒe subɔsubɔ me be mía fofo Abraham viŋutsu, alo vinyɔnu.”
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]
Yesu dze Kristotɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedɔ gɔme eye ena hehe eyomedzelawo heɖo kpɔɖeŋu si woasrɔ̃ ɖi na wo