Mawunyadɔgbedelawo​—Kekeli Ƒe Dɔlawo Alo Viviti Ƒe Dɔlawoe Wonyea?​—Akpa 3

Kristodukɔa ƒe Mawunyadɔgbedelawo Gatrɔ Yi Nuwo Dzɔtsoƒe

ASIA ye nye amegbetɔƒomea ƒe aƒe gbãtɔ. Afimae Wɔla la ɖo tadedeagu dzadzɛ anyi ɖo. Togbɔ be eteƒe medidi le ema megbe hafi amegbetɔwo tsɔ alakpasubɔsubɔ va ɖɔ lii numanyamanyatɔe o hã la, tadedeagu vavãtɔ va yi edzi mlɔeba le Asia le blema Israel eye emegbe le Kristotɔnyenye me. Eyata esime Kristodukɔa ƒe Europa mawunyadɔgbedelawo tsɔ woƒe gbedasia yi Asia la, anyigbagã si dzi amegbetɔ ƒe agbe kple subɔsubɔha vavãtɔ dze egɔme tsoe dzie woyi. Ðe woava nye kekeli ƒe dɔlawo loo alo viviti si do tsiɖitsiɖi wu ƒe dɔlawoe woanyea?—Mose I, 2:10-17.

Nukae Gblẽ le Mawu Ðeka Tsɔtsɔ Kpee alo Ðeka Ðeɖe le Eme Ŋu?

Míate ŋu agblɔ ɣeyiɣi si me Kristotɔwo ƒe xɔse la va ɖo India zi gbãtɔ kple alesi wòwɔ ɖo la kple kakaɖedzi o. Ƒe alafa enelia me mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe ŋutinyaŋlɔla Eusebius gblɔ be Kristotɔ apostolo Toma ye tsɔe yii le ƒe alafa gbãtɔ me. Ame bubuwo be ƒe alafa evelia kple enelia domee wotsɔ “Kristotɔnyenye” yi afima. Esime Portugaltɔ anyigbayeyedilawo ɖo afima le ƒe alafa 15 lia ƒe nuwuwu la, wokpɔ be “Kristotɔwo nye amesiwo woxɔ de eme eye wodea bubu wo ŋu le Indiatɔwo dome.”—The Encyclopedia of Religion.

Spaniatɔ nunɔla Francis Xavier va ɖo India-nyigbagã la dzi le ƒe 1542 me. Enye Ignatius Loyola, amesi ɖo mawusubɔsubɔhatsotso si nye Yesu ƒe Habɔbɔ, si wolɔ̃a yɔyɔ be Yesutɔwo la, ƒe hadɔwɔla. The New Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ le Xavier ŋu be enye “Roma Katoliko mawunyadɔgbedela gãtɔ kekeake le míaƒe ɣeyiɣia me” eye wògblɔ be “ewɔ akpa vevi aɖe le Kristotɔnyenye ɖoɖo anyi le India, Malay Ƒukpowo dzi, kple Japan me.”

Togbɔ be Xavier menɔ agbe didi boo o—wogblɔ be eku le ƒe 1552 me le ƒe 46 xɔxɔ me—hã la, ewɔ dɔ gbogbo aɖe le ƒe ewo siwo wòtsɔ wɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔe me. Wogblɔ be ede dzi ƒo na mawunyadɔgbedelawo be woasrɔ̃ amesiwo wole subɔsubɔm ƒe kɔnuwo kple woƒe gbegbɔgblɔ.

Protestanttɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela gbãtɔ siwo yi India la va ɖo afima le ƒe 1706 me, esi anye ƒe 85 do ŋgɔ na William Carey ƒe agbalẽ si nye An Enquiry Into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens la tata. Wogblɔ be agbalẽ sia tata nye “nu ɖedzesi vevi aɖe le Kristotɔnyenye ƒe ŋutinya me.” Esi Carey wu eŋɔŋlɔ nu la, ewɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔ ƒe 40 le India.

Esi ɣeyiɣiawo va nɔ yiyim la, Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo yi dukɔa ƒe akpa sia akpa. Esi amewo ƒe hatsotso siwo bɔbɔ ɖe anyi wu, vevietɔ amesiwo wonyã le ha me, mekpɔ be mɔkpɔkpɔ aɖeke li na yewo le Hindu-subɔsubɔ me o ta la, woge ɖe Kristodukɔa ƒe subɔsubɔhawo me. Gake The Encyclopedia of Religion gblɔ be nɔnɔme sia “medzɔ dzi na mawunyadɔgbedela geɖe kple Indiatɔ agbalẽnyala siwo nye Kristotɔwo ƒe kplɔlawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ o.”

Ŋutinyaŋlɔla Will Durant ŋlɔ nya siwo fia Kristodukɔa ƒe kpododonu be: “India gaxɔ mawu siwo ɖi gbɔ eƒe ahedada kple nɔnɔme wɔnublanui si me wòle la dzi se kokoko egbea abe alesi woxɔ wo dzi see tso gbaɖegbe ke ene. . . . Esi nufiafia bubuwo alo mawu tutɔwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dze nugbegblẽ le wo ŋu gɔme la, [Brahmanwo] ɖe mɔ ɖe wo ŋu, eye woxɔ wo ɖe Hindutɔwo ƒe dzixɔse ƒe do gã globowo me; mawu ɖeka tsɔtsɔ kpee alo ɖeka ɖeɖe le eme megblẽ nu boo aɖeke le India o.” Manfred Barthel gblɔ le eƒe agbalẽ si nye The Jesuits si wòta le ƒe 1984 me be: “Mlɔeba la, Indiatɔwo ƒe nyi kɔkɔeawo ŋu koe wogava ku ɖo; Hindu-subɔsubɔ va kpɔ ŋusẽ wu Yesutɔwo kple Mogultɔwo, eye ewɔ abe ɖe wòle eƒe mawu tsidziawo ɖom ɖe Ɣetoɖoƒenyigba siwo dzi Kristotɔnyenye xɔ aƒe ɖo ene.”

Woƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Mete Ŋu Nɔ Anyi Didi O

Kristodukɔa si me mã xoxo ɖe Ɣetoɖoƒe kple Ɣedzeƒe sɔlemehawo me tso blema ke la gamã klukluklui ake le ƒe alafa atɔ̃lia me. Ʋiʋli aɖe va ɖo Constantinople ƒe blemafofo Nestorius kple sɔlemeha la dome si na be eya hã do le Ɣedzeƒeha la me va ɖo ha si woyɔna be Nestorius Sɔlemeha.

Nestoriustɔwo te gbe ɖe mawunyadɔgbededɔ wɔwɔ dzi. Anye woƒe mawunyadɔgbedela ɖeka si ŋkɔe nye Alopen ye tsɔ Nestoriustɔwo ƒe dzixɔsewo yi China le ƒe 635 M.Ŋ. me. Gake ƒe 1294 me lɔƒo ke, esime Franciscan nunɔla John si tso Monte Corvino ɖo mawunyadɔgbedeha aɖe ɖe afima hafi Ɣetoɖoƒeha la va ɖo afima.

Gake ƒe 1580 ƒeawo me, esime Italiatɔ Yesutɔ Matteo Ricci va China hafi mawunyadɔgbededɔ dze egɔme ale tututu. Esime Protestant-hawo nɔ agbagba dzem be yewoali ɖe Europa le Ðɔɖɔɖoɣeyiɣiawo megbe la, Katolikotɔwo ƒe ŋku biã ɖe dzimetɔtrɔ na dukɔ bubuwo le Europa godo ŋu. Alesi dutanyigbadzitɔwo va ɖu Portugal kple Spania siwo siaa me Katolikoha sẽ ŋu ɖo dzii la de ha la ƒe agbagbadzedze siawo dzi.

The Cambridge History of China gblɔ be nusi gbɔe ƒe alafa 17 kple 18 lia me mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ si yi ŋgɔ vie tsoe nye be “[wo] dometɔ gbogbo aɖewo (vevietɔ Yesutɔwo) ɖe mɔ ɖe nu geɖe ŋu.” Chinatɔwo ƒe ŋutinya fiala Hans H. A. Bielenstein ɖe eme yi ŋgɔe be: “[Yesutɔwo] te gbe ɖe alesi Kristotɔnyenye kple Konfusio-ha ɖi wo nɔewoe dzi eye wotsɔ Kristotɔwo ƒe Mawu la sɔ kple Chinatɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu le Dziƒo ŋu, eye womegblɔ nya aɖeke tsɔ tsi tre ɖe tɔgbui kukuwo subɔsubɔ ŋu o. Aleae wɔ Yesutɔwo trɔ dzime na amewo le teƒe aɖewo, gake eyata hãe woƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi aɖeke hã menɔ anyi didi o ɖo.”

Le ƒe 1724 me la, China-fiagã tsi tre ɖe Kristodukɔa ƒe subɔsubɔhawo ŋu eye wònyã dutamawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ. Esi mɔnukpɔkpɔ gaʋu la, Katolikotɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo gagbugbɔ yi. Protestanttɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo hã va kpe ɖe wo ŋu, Robert Morrison si nɔ London Mawunyadɔgbedeha mee nye ame gbãtɔ si va ɖo le ƒe 1807 me. Eɖo kɔledzi aɖe menye be yeatsɔ akaka yeƒe dzixɔsewo ko o ke boŋ be yeatsɔ afia Ɣetoɖoƒetɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ Chinatɔwo kple be yeafia Ɣedzeƒetɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ Ɣetoɖoƒe sukuviwo. Le ƒe 1819 me la Morrison wu Biblia bliboa si gɔme William Milne kpe ɖe eŋu woɖe la nu.

Mawunyadɔgbedela aɖewo ɖoe be yewoatsɔ ŋkuʋuʋu ƒomevi bubu vɛ. Ðk. Peter Parker zu ɖɔkta gbãtɔ si va China eye ena kpekpeɖeŋu le Mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe Atikewɔha si woɖo ɖe Canton le ƒe 1838 me la ɖoɖo me. Mawunyadɔgbedela bubuwo tsɔ wo ɖokui ɖo anyi na agbalẽsrɔ̃nyawo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, asikpekpe ɖe kpekpeɖeŋunadɔwo ŋu, alo hadomekuxiwo gbɔkpɔkpɔ. The Cambridge History of China gblɔ be gbegɔmeɖedɔ siwo mawunyadɔgbedelawo wɔ la dometɔ aɖewo “akpe ɖe Europatɔwo ŋu be woase Chinatɔwo ƒe nuwɔna gɔme wu alesi wòakpe ɖe Chinatɔwo ŋu be woƒe Kristotɔnyenye xɔxɔ nadzi ɖe edzi.”

Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo mete ŋu fia Kristotɔwo ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ kple nɔviwɔwɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu hã Chinatɔwo o. Protestanttɔwo koŋ mee mã wu. Le ƒe blaene me la, woƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo dzi ɖe edzi tso 189 va ɖo 3,445. Va ɖo ƒe 1905 me la, mawunyadɔgbedeha 60 kple edzivɔawo nɔ woawo ŋutɔ ƒe Kristotɔnyenye ƒe nufiafia kakam. Alesi Katoliko mawunyadɔgbedelawo hã fia Kristotɔnyenyee la menye nusi adzro ame o. The Cambridge History of China ƒo nu tso woƒe “nudede afimatɔwo ƒe dunya kple ʋɔnudrɔ̃nyawo me bene woake ɖe amesiwo ate ŋu azu dzimetrɔlawo ŋu si bɔ” la ŋu.

Dzimetrɔlawo Didi le Afi Bubuwo

Esi Portugaltɔ anyigbayeyedila Ferdinand Magellan yi Philippine Ƒukpowo dzi le ƒe 1521 me la, mede ƒe alafa ɖeka o Katoliko mawunyadɔgbedelawo de mawutsi ta na amesiwo ade miliɔn eve. Egbea afimatɔ 84 le alafa me nye Roma Katolikotɔwo. Agbalẽsɔsrɔ̃ɖoɖo siwo ha la wɔ gbɔ koŋ ye dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ sia tso. Gake agbalẽŋlɔla aɖe gblɔ be nu bubu si hã mele be míaŋlɔ be o ye nye be mawunyadɔgbedelawo “ɖe mɔ na dzimetrɔlawo be woagalé woƒe subɔsubɔdzixɔse kple nuwɔna geɖe me ɖe asi.”

Ha la mekpɔ dzidzedze tututu le teƒe bubuwo o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Japantɔwo katã dome ame 0.3 le alafa me koe nye Katolikotɔwo. Le Korea la, woyina ame 6 le alafa me ɖo ge.

Ƒe 1542 mee nye zi gbãtɔ si Europatɔwo ka afɔ Japan. Le ƒe 1549 me la, wotsɔ xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ xɔ Yesutɔ mawunyadɔgbedela Francis Xavier kple eƒe zɔhɛ ʋee aɖewo. Gake mexɔ ɣeyiɣi aɖeke hafi dzo sia tsi le wo me o, elabena abe alesi ŋutinyafiala J. Mason Gentzler ŋlɔe ene la, Japantɔwo ƒe kplɔlawo “va nɔ ebum be Europatɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔa ate ŋu anye nusi dzi Spania-fia ato aɖu yewo dzi le dunyahehe me (elabena wonya be edzɔ nenema le Philippines).”

Le ƒe 1614 me la, “wotsɔ nya ɖe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ŋu be wonye dukɔa ƒe futɔwo eye fiagã la de se be yemagaɖe mɔ ɖe Kristotɔnyenye ŋu le yeƒe dziɖuƒewo o. . . . Woklã dzimetrɔla siwo gbe asiɖeɖe le subɔsubɔha yeye sia ŋu la dometɔ akpe geɖe ɖe atitsoga ŋu . . . , eye wodzra tohehe siwo dzi ŋɔ wu la ɖo ɖi na mawunyadɔgbedelaawo . . . wotɔ dzo wo alo me wo agbagbee, wofli wo kakɛkakɛe, wotsɔ wo ƒu gbe ɖe do siwo me da vɔ̃ɖiwo bɔ ɖo me,” tsɔ kpe ɖe funyafunyawɔame bubuwo ŋu.—The Jesuits.

Ƒe 1784 mee Katolikoha la va ɖo Korea, eye ƒe alafa ɖeka megbe hafi Protestanttɔwo va. Time magazine ɖe nu me be ha yeyetɔ sia “dzi ɖe edzi kabakaba wu elabena menye Nyanyuia koe Amerika mawunyadɔgbedelawo tsɔ vɛ o ke wotsɔ sukudede, atikewɔwɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋusɔsrɔ̃ hã vɛ.” Edze ƒã be wogale mɔnu sia si nye dzimetɔtrɔ na amewo to mɔ bubuwo nu wu mawunya ɖeɖeko fiafia wo dzi la ŋudɔ wɔm. Wogblɔ be xexemenunyafiala Son Bong Ho si le Seoul Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti gblɔ be: “Ha siwo he susu yi ŋutilãmeyayrawo dzi la dzi ɖe edzi kabakaba wu ha siwo kplɔ mawunyafiafia ko ɖo.”

Nusi Etsɔ Me Aɖe Fia

Aleke wòle be míabu Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela siwo nɔ anyi va yii? Menye tadedeagu dzadzɛ si Yesu ɖo lae wova fia o. Gake ɖikekemanɔmee la, wo dometɔ geɖe dze agbagba geɖe. Eɖanye aleke nya la le o, woɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe degbe geɖe me eye wofia Biblia ƒe nufiafia aɖewo.

Ke Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela siwo va Afrika, afisi woyɔna be Anyigba Doblukɔ dzi hã ɖe? Xlẽ nu le esia ŋu le míaƒe tata si gbɔna me le nyati si nye “Gbɔgbɔmekekeli na ‘Anyigba Doblukɔ’” me.

[Aɖaka si le axa 23]

“Yehowa” le Chinagbe Biblia Me

John W. Davis si nye ƒe alafa 19 lia me mawunyadɔgbedela kple gbegɔmeɖela gblɔ eƒe susu be: “Ne Gbɔgbɔ Kɔkɔea yɔa Yehowa le afisiafi le Hebrigbe me la, ke nukatae gbegɔmeɖela ya mayɔ Yehowa le Eŋlisigbe alo Chinagbe me o? Mɔ kae wòkpɔ agblɔ be mazã Yehowa le afii gake mazã nya bubu nɛ le afime? . . . Ne menyo be woazã Yehowa le gbegɔmeɖeɖe aɖe me o la ke nukatae agbalẽŋlɔla si gbɔgbɔ ʋã ya zãe le gbe gbãtɔ si me wòŋlɔe ɖo la me?”