Mawunyadɔgbedelawo Kekeli Alo Viviti Ƒe Dɔlawoe Wonyea?—Akpa 4
Gbɔgbɔmekekeli Kae Li na “Anyigba Doblukɔ” La?
“MEDE ƒe 100 haɖe o la, woyɔ Afrika be Anyigba Doblukɔ elabena Europatɔwo menya nu tso eƒe akpa gã aɖe ŋu o.” Nusi ŋu The World Book Encyclopedia le nu ƒom le le afisia la menye Afrika ƒe viviti me nɔnɔ o, ke boŋ Europa ƒe viviti me nɔnɔ boŋ ye—eyae nye alesi Europatɔwo menya nu tso anyigbagã si ƒe akpa gã li si dzi womede kpɔ o ŋu. Eyata menye nya siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu be anye Latin me nya aprica si gɔmee nye “afisi ŋdɔ sẽna le” mee woaɖe ŋkɔ Afrika tsoe o.
Ke hã le go aɖe me la, Afrika nɔ viviti me—enɔ viviti me le Biblia ƒe nyateƒea gome. Donald Coggan si nye Canterbury ƒe Bisiɔpgã xoxotɔ yɔ Afrika kple Asia be “anyigba gã eve siwo dzi Ɣetoɖoƒe Sɔlemehawo lɔ woƒe amewo kɔ ɖo eye wozã woƒe ga gbogbo aɖe ɖo ƒe alafa eve ƒe akpa gãtɔ.”
Ðikekemanɔmee la, Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela geɖewo dze agbagba vevie. Wo dometɔ aɖewo tsɔ woƒe agbe gɔ̃ hã sa vɔe le woƒe dɔa wɔwɔ me. Woƒe nuwɔna wɔ dɔ ɖe Afrikatɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzi ŋutɔ. Gake abe Kristo ene la, ɖe ‘wohe kekeli ɖe go to nyanyuia me’ ale be woɖe gbɔgbɔmeviviti ɖa le afisi woyɔ be Anyigba Doblukɔ dzia?—Timoteo II, 1:10
Dukɔmevi Mawunyadɔgbedela Gbãtɔwo Na Kekelia ƒe Keklẽ Sue aɖe Dze
Kristotɔ gbãtɔ si ŋu woŋlɔ nu le be eɖe gbeƒã le Afrika la ŋutɔ nye Afrikatɔ, eyae nye Etiopiatɔ aƒedzikpɔla si ƒe nya wogblɔ ɖe Biblia me le Dɔwɔwɔwo ta 8. Enye Yuda-subɔsubɔha me tɔ si tso tadeaguƒe le Yerusalem gbedoxɔ me yina aƒe esime Filipo trɔ dzime nɛ va Kristotɔnyenye me. Ðikekemanɔmee la, abe alesi dzo nɔ Kristotɔ gbãtɔwo mee ene la, Etiopiatɔ sia tsɔ dzonɔameme ɖe gbeƒã nyanyui si wòse la, eye wòzu mawunyadɔgbedela le eya ŋutɔ denyigba dzi.
Gake ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo mete ŋu lɔ̃ ɖe edzi ne mɔ sia nue Kristotɔnyenye to va li ke ɖe Etiopia alo menye eyae o. Edze abe ƒe alafa enelia mee woɖo Etiopia Orthodoks Ha la ene, esime Athanasius si nye Kopt Sɔleme si le Alexandria ƒe bisiɔp ɖo Syriatɔ xexemenunyasrɔ̃la aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Frumentius be wòanye bisiɔp na Etiopia “Kristotɔwo.”
Kopt Sɔlemeha—woɖe nya Kopt la tso Helagbe me nya si wozãna na “Egiptetɔ” me—gblɔ be ha sia ɖola kple eƒe blemafofoe nye Marko Nyanyuiŋlɔla la. Wotu xo be eɖe gbeƒã le Egipte esi wòsusɔ vie ko ƒe alafa gbãtɔ naɖo eƒe memamã. Eɖanye kae nye nyateƒea o, “Kristotɔnyenye” keke ta ɖo Anyiehe Afrika kaba, eye ame aɖewo abe Origen kple Augustine ene xɔ ŋkɔ le eme. Woɖo mawunyafiasuku aɖe ɖe Alexandria, Egipte, si ƒe “Kristotɔnyenye” fiafia wova nya nyuie eye Pantaenus nye eƒe tatɔ gbãtɔ. Gake edze ƒã be xɔsegbegbe gblẽ nu geɖe xoxo le Clement si tso Alexandria, amesi va xɔ ɖe Pantaenus teƒe, ƒe ɣeyiɣiawo me. The Encyclopedia of Religion ɖee fia be Clement “de dzi ƒo be woatsɔ Kristotɔwo ƒe nufiafia kple Biblia kpakple Helatɔwo ƒe xexemenunyafiafia awɔ ɖeka.”
Kopt Sɔlemeha la wɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔ aɖe si keke ta ŋutɔ, vevietɔ le Libya ƒe ɣedzeƒekpa dzi. Blematomenukuku siwo wowɔ le Nubia kple Sudan ƒe anyigbenutowo me hã fia be Kopt Sɔlemeha la kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe amewo ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzi.
Europa Mawunyadɔgbedelawo Va Ðo
Europatɔwo mewɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔ boo aɖeke le Afrika do ŋgɔ na ƒe alafa 16 vaseɖe 18 lia si nye ɣeyiɣi si me Katolikotɔwo kpɔ dzidzedze geɖe la o. Ƒe alafa 19 lia me hafi Protestant hawo va ɖo, esime Sierra Leone zu Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika dukɔ gbãtɔ si me woƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ɖo. Togbɔ be Protestanttɔwo dze agbagba vevie be yewoaxe wo hã la, egbea le Afrika-dukɔ ɖesiaɖe si gblɔna be “Kristotɔwo” sɔ gbɔ ɖe yewo gbɔ me la, Katolikotɔwo sɔa gbɔ wu Protestanttɔwo negbe teƒe ʋee aɖewo koe mele nenema o.
Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Gabontɔwo dome ame 96 le alafa me gblɔna be Kristotɔwoe yewonye. Ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe do ŋgɔ na Xexemeʋa I, Albert Schweitzer si nye Luthertɔ ɖo hamea ƒe kɔdzi aɖe ɖe afima eye emegbe etso du na kpodɔlélawo hã ɖe afima. Togbɔ be ƒe 40 kple edzivɔ siwo wòtsɔ wɔ Protestanttɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔe wɔ dɔ gã ɖe dukɔa dzi la hã la, Katolikotɔwo gasɔ gbɔ wu Protestanttɔwo kokoko le mamã si nye Katolikotɔ 3 na Protestanttɔ 1 me.
Gake esi Protestanttɔwo dzi woƒe gomekpɔkpɔ ɖe edzi la, Afrika ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔ va tsɔ afɔ kabakaba. Adrian Hastings si tso Leeds Yunivɛsiti ɖe nu me be “nu vevi si wogblẽ ɖi le ɣeyiɣi sia [ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe afã evelia] mee nye alesi wodze Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe gɔme ɖe Afrikagbe gbogbo aɖe me.”
Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe degbewo me nye gɔmeɖokpe si dzi “Kristotɔnyenye” si menɔ anyi tsã o la va nɔ te ɖo. Afrikatɔ geɖe xɔ drɔ̃ewo kple ŋutegawo dzi se, wobua dɔdzedze dzoɖuamee, eye wonye srɔ̃geɖeɖelawo. Esi Biblia nɔ degbewo me la, eʋu mɔnu na Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo be woana kekeli si tso Ŋɔŋlɔawo me naklẽ ɖe nusiawo dzi. Gake Hastings gblɔ be: “Zi geɖe la, nusiawo metrɔna na Afrikatɔwo o.” Nukae do tso eme? “Tso ƒe alafa wuiasiekelia ƒe nuwuwu dzi yina la, sɔlemeha nɔɖokuisi geɖe va nɔ dodom, gbã le Dziehe Afrika kple Nigeria, eye emegbe le anyigba ma katã ƒe akpa bubu geɖe siwo mawunyadɔgbedelawo bɔ ɖo xoxo.”
Le nyateƒe me la, egbea subɔsubɔha yeye siwo ade 7,000 eye woƒe hameviwo sɔ gbɔ wu 32,000,000 ye le Afrika Sahara la ƒe anyigbenutowo me. The Encyclopedia of Religion gblɔ be “afisiwo Kristotɔwo ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo dze agbagba geɖe le koŋ ye ha siawo to le.” Edze ƒã be mawunyadɔgbedelawo mete ŋu ƒo amesiwo wotrɔ dzime na la nu ƒu ɖe ‘Aƒetɔ ɖeka, xɔse ɖeka, kple nyɔnyrɔ̃xɔxɔ ɖeka’ si ŋu mawunyadɔgbedela Paulo ƒo nu tsoe la me o.—Efesotɔwo 4:5.
Nukatae? Agbalẽ si me míeyɔ nya tsoe va yi la gblɔ be esi “afimatɔ siwo wotrɔ dzime na mekpɔ nusi wogblɔ na wo be Kristotɔnyenye anye kple vi siwo wòaɖe na wo tso eme o . . . , mamã siwo wode dzesii le Kristo-hawo ƒe kɔmamãwo me kple esi mete ŋu kpɔ woƒe nuhiahiãwo gbɔ o [kpakple] esi Kristotɔnyenye ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔ la mete ŋu ɖe vovototodedeameme ɖa eye wòna wose le wo ɖokui me be ame ɖekawoe yewonye o” tae.
Gbɔgbɔ me “kekeli” agbɔsɔsɔme si Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo klẽ ɖe “Anyigba Doblukɔ” dzi la le sue akpa. Eyata enu mesẽ kura be wòaɖe Biblia manyamanya ƒe viviti la ɖa o.
Dutadziɖuɖuwo ƒe Dɔlawoe Wonyea?
Togbɔ be Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedela aɖewo wɔ dɔ nyui hã la, ezu dzizizi na The Encyclopedia of Religion be wòalɔ̃ ɖe edzi be: “Mawunyadɔgbedelawo bia dutadukɔwo ƒe amedziɖuɖu vevie, eye wona woƒe amedziɖuɖua xɔxɔ hã nɔ bɔbɔe, ale be Kristotɔnyenye kple dutadukɔwo ƒe amedziɖuɖu va zu abe nɔviwo ene. Amesiwo tsia tre ɖe dutadukɔwo ƒe amedziɖuɖu ŋu gblɔna zi geɖe be zɔhɛwoe Afrika Kristotɔnyenye kple dutadukɔwo ƒe amedziɖuɖu nye, eye wo tɔ dzɔna le go aɖewo me be woagblɔe nenema hã.”
The Collins Atlas of World History kɔ nu me na mí esi wògblɔ be nusi ʋã Ɣetoɖoƒedukɔwoe nye be wosusu be “dutadukɔwo ƒe amedziɖuɖu ahe tamebubu ƒe kekeli, amehawo ƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe gɔmeɖosewo kple dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kpakple atikewɔwɔ ƒe viɖewo vɛ na dukɔ siwo le nutotrowo me siwo wobuna be woƒe ŋku meʋu o.” Eye The New Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ be: “Esesẽ na Roma Katolikoha ƒe mawunyadɔgbedehawo be woaɖe wo ɖokui ɖa tso dutadukɔdziɖuɖuwo ŋu, eye mawunyadɔgbdela geɖe medi be yewoaɖe yewo ɖokui ɖa le eŋu o.”
Eyata susu le eme be zi alesi Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo de amehawo ƒe dziɖuɖu dzi eye wokafu Ɣetoɖoƒetɔwo ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple atikewɔwɔ me ŋgɔyiyiwoe ta la, ena wova dze abe dutadukɔ ƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe amewo ene. Ne dutadukɔwo ƒe ganyawo, dunyahehe, kple hadomeɖoɖo ƒe nya va ti ameawo ko la, woƒe lãme fana ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔhawo hã ŋu.
Gbeƒãɖeɖe—Eyae Nye Nu Vevitɔ na Woa?
Ɣesiaɣi si woayɔ Protestant mawunyadɔgbedelawo ŋkɔ le Afrika la, womegbea David Livingstone ŋkɔ yɔyɔ o. Wodzii le Scotland le ƒe 1813 me, eye ezɔ mɔ de Afrika ƒe teƒeteƒewo. Alesi gbegbe wòlɔ̃ “Anyigba Doblukɔ” la kple alesi keke ɖe anyigba yeyewo ŋu doa dzidzɔ nɛ ganye ŋusẽdoame bubu nɛ. The New Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ be: “Kristotɔnyenye, asitsatsa, kple ŋkuʋuʋu” nye mɔ etɔ̃ “ƒokpli siwo wòsusu be woawo dzie woato aɖo Afrikatɔwo gbɔ.”
Livingstone wɔ dɔ geɖe ŋutɔ. Gake edze ƒã be menye gbeƒãɖeɖe nyanyuiae nye nu vevitɔ nɛ o. Britannica ƒo nu tso eƒe ƒe 30 ƒe mawunyadɔgbededɔ ŋu kpuie le “Afrika ƒe dziehe, titina kple ɣedzeƒe—zi geɖe le teƒe si Europatɔ aɖeke ƒe afɔ meka kpɔ o” ale: “Anɔ eme be Livingstone ƒe nuwɔna kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Ɣetoɖoƒetɔwo ƒe nɔnɔme ɖe Afrika ŋu wu amesiame si do ŋgɔ nɛ alo amesiwo katã va ɖe eyome. Eƒe nufɔfɔwo—le anyigbaŋutinusɔsrɔ̃, mɔ̃ɖaŋu, atikewɔwɔ, kple hadomegbenɔnɔ me—nye sidzedze gbogbo aɖe si gɔmesese mele bɔbɔe o si ŋuti wogale nu srɔ̃m le kokoko. . . Livingstone xɔ edzi se kple dzi blibo be Afrikatɔwo ate ŋu ayi ŋgɔ aɖo xexeame ƒe ŋkuʋuʋui gbɔ. Le gɔmesese sia nu la, menye Europatɔwo ƒe amedziɖuɖu koe wòdzra mɔ dzi ɖo na o ke boŋ edzrae ɖo na Afrikatɔwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye hã.” Livingstone se veve ɖe Afrikatɔwo nu ŋutɔ.
Togbɔ be mawunyadɔgbedela aɖewo de kluvisitsatsa dzi alo wometsɔ ɖeke le eme o hã la, masɔ be míagblɔ be ƒuƒoƒoa me tɔwo katãe wɔ nusia o. Gake ne míetrɔ kpɔ megbe la, esesẽ be míagblɔe nenye didi be yewoaʋli Mawu ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade kple amewo katã ƒe sɔsɔ kple wo nɔewo ƒe dzidzenuwo tae wo dometɔ geɖe se veve ɖo ɖe wo ti loo alo ɖetsɔtsɔ le ameawo ƒe nyonyo me ƒe seselelãme si le ame si tae.
Gake nu mamletɔ si mieyɔ nye nusi mawunyadɔgbedela akpa gãtɔ na wòxɔ nɔƒe gbãtɔ na wo. Agbalẽ si nye Christianity in Africa as Seen by Africans lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be ame aɖeke ƒe agbagbadzedze “mate ŋu ade dɔmenyodɔ siwo wowɔ nu o.” Gake kɔdziwo kple sukuwo ɖoɖo fia be wotsɔ amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilãmenuhiahiãwo ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ na gbeƒãɖeɖe Mawu ƒe Nya si nye nusiwo Mawu di tso wo si. Mawunyadɔgbedela aɖewo gɔ̃ hã ɖo adzɔnudzraƒewo be woakpe ɖe Afrikatɔwo ŋu be woakpɔ Europatɔwo ƒe ŋutilãmenu geɖe atsɔ aɖu agbee.
Eme kɔ be Afrikatɔ geɖe daa akpe egbea ɖe ŋutilãmeviɖe siwo Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo na wòsu wo si la ta. Abe alesi Adrian Hastings gblɔe ene la: “Ne Afrika dunyahelawo he nya sesẽwo ɖe mawunyadɔgbedelawo kple sɔlemehawo ŋu hã la, ƒã hafi wogbea akpedada na wo ɖe alesi wodo sukudede ɖe ŋgɔe ta.”
‘Ne Kekeli si Le Mewò la Zu Viviti . . . ’
Hastings gblɔ be Afrika nye “anyigba si dzi Kristodukɔa mete ŋu wɔ ŋgɔyiyi si nɔ anyi eteƒe didi o” le negbe le ƒe alafa siwo va yi me ko hafi. Le nyateƒe me la, va ɖo ƒe alafa 18 lia ƒe memamã la, Katoliko mawunyadɔgbedehawo bu keŋkeŋ le afisia kloe, esi wɔe be agbalẽŋlɔla J. Herbert Kane bia be nuka gbɔe wòtso be “wodo kpo nu nenema gbegbe” hã. Susuawo dometɔ ɖekae nye be mawunyadɔgbedelawo dometɔ geɖe kuna. Bubu hãe nye alesi Portugal kpɔ gome le kluvisitsatsa me. Esi Katoliko mawunyadɔgbedelawo katã nye Portugaltɔwo ta la, esia va zu “ŋkɔ gbegblẽ gã aɖe na Kristotɔwo ƒe ha la.” Gake Kane gblɔ kpee be “nusi gbɔ wòtso koŋ, eye ɖewohĩ esi nye susu vevitɔe nye be gotagota koe wowɔ mawunyadɔgbededɔ la le, esi na be wotsɔ dzitsitsi ‘trɔ dzime na amewo’ hede mawutsi ta na ameha gbogbowo.”
Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo mete ŋu ʋã Afrikatɔwo be woatsɔ mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe nufiafiawo aɖɔ li woƒe subɔsubɔwoe o. Dzimetɔtrɔ fia be woatrɔ ŋkɔ na woƒe subɔsubɔwo, gake mefia kokoko be woatrɔ woƒe dzixɔsewo kple agbenɔnɔ o. Eleanor M. Preston-Whyte si le Natal Yunivɛsiti gblɔ be: “Woxɔ Zulutɔwo ƒe xexeame ŋuti dzixɔsewo de Zulu Kristotɔwo ƒe dzixɔse me le ayemɔ vovovowo nu.” Eye Bennetta Jules-Rosette si tso California Yunivɛsiti si le San Diego gblɔ le egbegbe Afrika subɔsubɔhawo ŋu be “wotsɔa Afrikatɔwo ƒe blema subɔsubɔwo tsakana kple Kristotɔnyenye kple Islam ha siwo wotsɔ va wo gbɔe.”
Psalmo 119:130 gblɔ be: “Ne woʋu go wò [Mawu, wò] nya la, eklẽna, eye wòfiaa nunya amesiwo ŋu wɔna mele o.” Esi Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ metsɔ goʋuʋu Mawu ƒe Nya la ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ o la, kekeli kae woate ŋu ana? Amesiwo si nuteƒekpɔkpɔ mesu la mate ŋu ase egɔme o.
“Kekeli” si Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo klẽ le ƒe alafa siwo va yi me, woƒe “dɔ nyui wɔwɔwo,” tso xexeme si le viviti me la me. Togbɔ be wogblɔna be dɔ nyui siawoe yewowɔna hã la, womena kekeli vavãtɔ klẽ o. Yesu gblɔ be: “Ne kekeli, si le mewò la, zu viviti la, aleke viviti ŋutɔ lahasɔ gbɔe!”—Mateo 6:23.
Gake aleke nuwo nɔ na mawunyadɔgbedelawo le Anyiehe kple Dziehe Amerika si woyɔna be Xexeme Yeyea la? Míaƒe nyati siawo ƒe akpa atɔ̃lia aɖo eŋu.
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 24]
Mawunyadɔgbedela aɖewo tsɔ woƒe agbe sa vɔe gɔ̃ hã le woƒe dɔa wɔwɔ me
[Afi Si Miìexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Etso agbalẽ si nye Die Heiligkeit der Gesellschaft Jesu me
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 25]
Menye ɣesiaɣie Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyadɔgbedelawo, abe Livingstone ene, tsɔ gbeƒãɖeɖe ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ o
[Afi Si Miìexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Etso agbalẽ si nye Geschichte des Christentums me