Agbe Si Me Dzidzeme Le Didi
“Esi ƒe alafa blavelia va nɔ yiyim la, ame geɖewo ƒe gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ . . . va trɔ le ŋgɔyiyi si wowɔ le dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me ta.” —The Oxford History of the Twentieth Century.
TƆTRƆ gãtɔwo kekeake le míaƒe ɣeyiɣia me dometɔ ɖekae nye amewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ. Amewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le xexeame ƒe dzidziɖedzi kpata sia ƒomevi medzɔ le ƒe alafa bubu aɖeke me kpɔ o. Eɖo abe biliɔn ɖeka lɔƒo le ƒe 1800 ƒeawo ƒe gɔmedzedze eye abe biliɔn 1.6 lɔƒo le ƒe 1900 me. Le ƒe 1999 me la, amesiwo le xexeame ƒe xexlẽme de biliɔn ade! Ame agbɔsɔsɔ gbogbo siawo siwo le dzidzim ɖe edzi kabakaba la dometɔ geɖe le nusi yɔm wole be agbemenunyuiwo la dim.
Ŋgɔyiyi le atikewɔwɔ me kple atikewo ƒe bɔbɔ hã na amewo le agbɔ sɔm ɖe edzi. Amewo ƒe agbenɔƒe le mama dedie nu dzi ɖe edzi le Australia, Germany, Japan, kple United States—tso ƒe si mede 50 le ƒe alafa la ƒe gɔmedzedze o va gbɔ ƒe 70 ŋu fifia. Gake nudeamedzi sia mele alea le teƒe bubuwo o. Ne mede ɖeke o la, amesiwo le dukɔ 25 ya teti me ƒe agbenɔƒe kpɔtɔ nye ƒe 50 alo esi mede nenema o.
‘Aleke Mienɔ Agbee Va Yii? . . . ’
Ðeviwo mesea alesi wo tɔgbuiwo nɔ agbee yameʋuwo, kɔmpiutawo, televisionwo, manɔmee la gɔme ɣeaɖewoɣi o—nusiwo wobuna nu tsɛwoe fifia, eye amesiwo le dukɔ deŋgɔwo me bua wo be wonye agbemenuhiahiã siwo womate ŋu anɔ agbe wo manɔmee o gɔ̃ hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, de ŋugble le alesi ʋuwo he tɔtrɔ va míaƒe agbenɔnɔ me ŋu kpɔ. Wotoe vɛ le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu lɔƒo, gake Time gblɔ nyitsɔ laa be: “Ʋu nye nusiwo woto vɛ la dometɔ ɖeka si ɖe alesi ƒe 20 lia ɖe dzesie fia bliboe.”
Wobui le ƒe 1975 me be ʋuwo ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ awɔe be dɔ nage le dɔwɔla siwo le Europa dometɔ ɖeka le ewo ɖesiaɖe me si. Tsɔ kpe ɖe alesi wòdze ƒã be ʋuwo ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ agblẽ nu le ʋuwɔƒewo ŋui ŋuti la, nuɖuɖudzraƒe siwo le afisiwo wòhiã be woaku ʋu ayi, gadzraɖoƒewo, nudzraƒewo kple dɔwɔƒe bubu siwo nɔa te ɖe asisi siwo zãa lɔriwo dzi atu woƒe ʋɔwo. Ne mɔnu aɖeke meli si dzi agbledelawo ato atsɔ woƒe agblemenuwo ayi asimee o la, nuɖuɖu ɖoɖo ɖe teƒe vovovowo atɔ te. Dɔwɔla siwo tsoa dugã ƒe golɔgoewo me yia dɔme le dugãwo me magate ŋu ayi dɔme o. Mɔdodo gã siwo to nuto vovovowo me dzi aɖi gbɔlo.
Be woate ŋu awɔ ʋu geɖe eye woaɖe gazazãwo dzi akpɔtɔ la, woto mɔ̃ siwo tea mɔ̃ŋutinuwo kpena le ɖoɖonu vaseɖe esime wowua ewɔwɔ nu, si bɔ ɖe dɔwɔƒe akpa gãtɔ fifia, vɛ le ƒe alafa sia ƒe gɔmedzedze. (Mɔ̃ siwo tea mɔ̃ŋutinuwo kpena le ɖoɖonu na be adzɔnu bubuwo wɔwɔ ɖe agbɔsɔsɔ gã me, si me dzodoƒenuzazãwo hã le, le bɔbɔe.) Le ƒe alafa la ƒe gɔmedzedze la, wobua keke siwo womehena kple sɔ o be enye kesinɔtɔwo fefenui le anyigba ʋɛ aɖewo dzi, gake fifia eyae ame tsɛwo kura tsɔ zɔa mɔe le xexeame ƒe akpa geɖe. Agbalẽŋlɔla aɖe gblɔ be, “míate ŋu akpɔ alesi agbenɔnɔ anɔ le ƒe alafa 20 lia ƒe nuwuwu ne ɖe ʋuwo meli o la le susu me o.”
Vivisese Yometiti
Tsã la, ne teƒe aɖe yiyi hiã hafi wozɔa mɔ. Gake nuwo trɔ le ƒe alafa 20 lia me—vevietɔ le dukɔ deŋgɔwo me. Esi dɔwɔna siwo ŋu fetu nyui le va bɔ eye woɖe kwasiɖaa me dɔwɔɣiwo dzi kpɔtɔ va ɖo gaƒoƒo 40 alo esi mede nenema o ta la, ga kple ɣeyiɣi su amewo si be woazɔ mɔ. Fifia mɔzɔzɔ zu teƒe si dzro ame yiyi. Kaawo, bɔsuwo, kple yameʋuwo na wòle bɔbɔe be amewo te ŋu yi ɖaɖea modzaka le didiƒewo. Modzakaɖetsaɖiɖi le hatsotso gãwo me va zu gakpɔmɔnu gã aɖe.
The Times Atlas of the 20th Century gblɔ be modzakaɖetsaɖiɖi “kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe dukɔ siwo me amewo ɖia tsa dena kple dukɔ si me wotso la siaa dzi.” Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziawo dometɔ aɖewo nye ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi manyomanyowo. Modzakaɖetsaɖilawo va zua nusiwo ta woɖi tsa yi teƒea domegblẽlawo.
Fifia ɣeyiɣi geɖe hã su amewo si ɖe lãmesẽfefewo wɔwɔ ŋu. Wo dometɔ geɖewo nyea gomekpɔlawo; bubuawo nyea fefewɔha alo kamedelawo dzidela siwo hea zazɛ̃nya, hewɔa ʋunyaʋunya ɣeaɖewoɣi. Television toto vɛ wɔe be amesiame kloe kpɔa lãmesẽfefe siwo wowɔna. Television-kpɔla vividoɖenuŋula miliɔn alafa geɖe kpɔa dukɔwo dome lãmesẽfefewɔwɔwo kple esiwo wowɔna le woƒe dukɔwo me.
The Times Atlas of the 20th Century gblɔ be “kamedefefe kple sinima koŋue va zu nusi ŋu ame geɖe zãa woƒe vovoɣiwo ɖo, si va zu dɔ siwo me woxɔ amewo ɖo wu kple esiwo me wowɔa ga geɖe le wu le xexeame dometɔ ɖeka.” Amewo zãa ga dɔlar biliɔn geɖe ɖe modzakaɖeɖe, si me tsatsadada, si nye modzakaɖeɖe si ame geɖewo lɔ̃na hã le, ŋu ƒe sia ƒe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 1991 me de dzesi tsatsadada be enye dɔ 12 lia si me Europatɔwo kpɔa ga le wu, ne mede ɖeke o la, wokpɔa ga dɔlar biliɔn 57 ƒe sia ƒe tsoa eme.
Esi modzakaɖeɖe ma ƒomeviwo va bɔ ta la, amewo dze nu yeye siwo ahe dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ vɛ na wo didi gɔme. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, amewo ƒe gomekpɔkpɔ le atikevɔ̃ɖiwo zazã me dzi ɖe edzi ale gbegbe be kaka ƒe 1990 ƒeawo naɖo eƒe domedome la, wobu akɔnta be wokpɔa ga dɔlar biliɔn 500 tsoa atikevɔ̃ɖisitsatsa si mele se nu o me ƒe sia ƒe, si na be wòva zu “dɔ si me wokpɔa ga le wu dɔ bubu ɖesiaɖe si wowɔna le xexeame,” abe alesi agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ ene.
“Dzidzɔdodo na Mía Ðokui si Gbɔ Eme”
Woto mɔ̃ɖaŋununya dzi trɔ xexeame katã zu kɔƒedu. Tɔtrɔ siwo vana le dunyahehe, ganya, kple dekɔnuwo me fifia de ŋusẽ kpɔ ge ɖe amewo dzi enumake le xexeame katã kloe. Nufialagã Alvin Toffler, amesi ŋlɔ agbalẽ si nye Future Shock, le ƒe 1970 me gblɔ be: “Edze ƒã be tɔtrɔ aɖewo he zitɔtɔ vɛ le amesiwo nɔ agbe va yi ŋɔli.” Egblɔ kpee be: “Gake nu dovoɖiname kple zitɔtɔ siawo dzɔ le dukɔ ɖeka aɖe alo nuto siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu dometɔ ɖeka ko me. Dzidzime geɖewo, alo ƒe alafawo gɔ̃ hã va yina, hafi woƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo kekea ta yia teƒe bubuwo. . . . Egbea ameƒomea ƒe kadodowo va le kplikplikpli ale gbegbe be nudzɔdzɔwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe amewo dzi le xexeame godoo le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me.” Television siwo de ŋgɔ kple Internet hã wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le ŋusẽkpɔkpɔ ɖe amewo dzi le xexeame katã me.
Ame aɖewo gblɔ be television ye nye nyakakamɔnu si kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe amewo dzi wu le ƒe alafa 20 lia sia me. Agbalẽŋlɔla aɖe gblɔ be: “Togbɔ be amewo ɖea ɖeklemi le nusiwo woɖena fiana le television dzi ŋu hã la, ame aɖeke meʋlia nya le eƒe ŋusẽ ŋu o.” Gake television menyo wu amesiwo trɔ asi le eƒe wɔnawo ŋu o. Eyata hekpe ɖe alesi wòte ŋu kpɔa ŋusẽ nyui ɖe ame dzi ŋu la, nenema ke wòkpɔa ŋusẽ gbegblẽ hã ɖe ame dzii. Esi wɔna matuameɖo, siwo yɔ fũ kple ŋutasesẽ kpakple agbegbegblẽnɔnɔ, dze amesiwo di be yewoakpɔ nusiawo ƒomevi ŋu ta la, wɔna mawo mete ŋu na amegbetɔwo dome ƒomedodowo nyo ɖe edzi o eye zi geɖe la, ɖe wòna be wogblẽna ɖe edzi boŋ.
Neil Postman ƒo nu tso afɔku bubu ŋu le eƒe agbalẽ si nye Amusing Ourselves to Death me be: “Kuxia meku ɖe nu dodzidzɔname siwo woɖena le television dzi na mí ŋu o, ke boŋ wotrɔa asi le edzi wɔnawo ŋu wodoa dzidzɔ na ame . . . Eɖanye nufiame ka kee le eme alo nukpɔsusu ka kee le megbe nɛ o, nyataƒonya la koe nye be modzakaɖenu kple dzidzɔdonue wònye na mí.”
Esi amewo tsɔ dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ ta la, gbɔgbɔmegɔmeɖosewo kple agbenyuinɔnɔ yi to. The Times Atlas of the 20th Century gblɔ be: “Subɔsubɔhawo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nu fa le xexeame ƒe akpa gãtɔ le ƒe alafa 20 lia me.” Esi gbɔgbɔmemenyenye yi to la, wova de asixɔxɔ agbeɖuɖu yometiti ŋu sasasã wu asixɔxɔ si le eŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ.
“Menye Nusiwo Katã Klẽnae . . . ”
Tɔtrɔ deamedzi geɖewo va eme le ƒe alafa 20 lia me, gake abe alesi wogblɔna ene la, “Menye nusiwo katã klẽnae nye sika o.” Togbɔ be ame aɖewo ƒe agbenɔƒe dzi ɖe edzi hã la, ame agbɔsɔsɔ si le xexeame ƒe dzidziɖedzi he kuxi manyatalenu yeyewo vɛ. National Geographic magazine gblɔ nyitsɔ laa be: “Ðewohĩ amewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kabakabae anye kuxi vevitɔ míadze ŋgɔe esime míele gegem ɖe ƒe akpe yeyea me.”
Ʋuwo nye ŋudɔwɔnu nyui eye dzidzɔ le wo me nɔnɔ me, ke hã ewua ame, abe alesi ame 250,000 si wobui be wokuna le ʋufɔkuwo me ƒe sia ƒe le xexeame katã ɖo kpe edzi ene. Azɔ hã ʋuwo nye nusiwo hea ɖiƒoƒo vɛ wu dometɔ ɖeka. Amesiwo ŋlɔ 5000 Days to Save the Planet gblɔ be ɖiƒoƒo “nye nusi lɔ xexeame katã ɖe eme azɔ, ele nu gblẽm le nugbagbewo kple wo nɔƒe dome ƒomedodo ŋu alo ele wo dome gblẽm tso anyigba seƒe yi ɖe anyigba seƒe.” Woɖe eme be: “Menye nugbagbewo kple wo nɔƒe dome ƒomedodo ŋu ko ŋue míegblẽ nu le o, fifia míele nu gblẽm le nusiwo na be Anyigba la nye teƒe si sɔ be agbe ƒomevi siwo de ŋgɔ nanɔ edzi la dome gblẽm.”
Ðiƒoƒo si va zu kuxi na ƒe alafa 20 lia meɖe fu na ƒe alafa siwo va yi la o. National Geographic gblɔ be: “Ame aɖeke mesusui kpɔ be amegbetɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le anyigba la ŋu le xexeame katã o, vaseɖe nyitsɔ laa hafi. Fifia dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala aɖewo xɔe se zi gbãtɔ le ŋutinya me be tɔtrɔ mawo ƒomevi le edzi yim.” Azɔ̃ exlɔ̃ nu be: “Ameƒomea ƒe nuwɔna vovovowo va ɖo afisi wòate ŋu atsrɔ̃ atiwo kple lãwo le hatsotso gã me le dzidzime ɖeka me.”
Enye nyateƒe be ƒe alafa 20 lia sia ɖe dzesi etɔxɛ. Amesiwo si mɔnukpɔkpɔ si ɖeke mesɔ kpli o su be woase vivi na agbe va kpɔe dze sii fifia be agbe ŋutɔ ɖo afɔku me!
[Chart/Pictures on page 7, 8, 9]
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]
1975
Vietnam-ʋa la wu enu
1989
Womu Berlin-glia ƒu anyi esi ŋusẽ vɔ le Kɔmiunisttɔwo ŋu
1991
Soviet Union mã kakɛkakɛe
1901
Marconi ɖo nyatakaka ɖe Atlantik-ƒua godo zi gbãtɔ to radio gbeɖiɖi dzi
1905
Einstein ta eƒe agbalẽ tɔxɛ si ƒo nu tso ƒomedodo si le nuwo dome ŋu
1913
Woʋu Ford ƒe Model-T ʋuwɔƒe nu
1941
Wodze television dzadzra gɔme
1969
Amegbetɔ zɔ dzinu dzi
Modzakaɖetsaɖiɖi le hatsotso gãwo me va zu gakpɔmɔnu gã aɖe
Internet la ƒe ŋkɔxɔxɔ keke ta
1999
Ame xexlẽme si le xexeame ɖo biliɔn ade