Ta 8

Shinto—Japantɔwo ƒe Mawu Didi

“Esi fofonye nye Shinto-nunɔla ta la, egblɔ na mí be míada tsi kplu ɖeka kple mɔli si wotsɔ dzoya ɖae la ɖe kamidana [Shintotɔwo ƒe aƒeme vɔsamlekpui] dzi ŋdi sia ŋdi hafi míaɖu ŋdinu. Ne míewɔ subɔsubɔkɔnu ma vɔ la, míeɖea mɔligba la le etame eye míeɖua mɔlia. Ne míewɔ ema la, enaa mekana ɖe edzi be mawuawo atɔ kpɔ ɖe mía ŋu.

“Hafi míaƒle aƒe la, míeyɔa dzotɔ, alo gbɔgbɔyɔla, wòva léa ŋku ɖe eŋu nyuie na mí be afisi aƒe yeyea le la sɔ nyuie ɖe míaƒe aƒe xoxoa nu hã. Enaa míenyana be gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo le míaƒe ʋɔtru etɔ̃ nu eye wògblɔna na mí be míawɔ nuŋutikɔkɔɖoɖo si mía fofo gblɔ na mí la dzi. Eyata míetsɔa dze kɔa afima ŋui zi ɖeka ɣleti sia ɣleti.”—Mayumi T.

1. (Tsɔ ŋgɔdonya hã kpee.) Afika koŋ ye Shinto-subɔsubɔ la bɔ ɖo, eye nukae eme tɔ aɖewo wɔna?

SHINTO nye subɔsubɔha si bɔ ɖe Japan koŋ. Nihon Shukyo Jiten (Japan Subɔsubɔwo ƒe Nugɔmekugbalẽ) gblɔ be: “Alesi woɖo Shinto-subɔsubɔ lae sɔ kple Japan-dukɔa ƒe dekɔnu kloe, eye enye subɔsubɔha si màgakpɔ le teƒe bubu aɖeke tsɔ wu le dukɔ sia ƒe dekɔnuwo me o.” Gake Japantɔwo ƒe asitsatsa kple agbenɔnɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo kaka fifia ŋutɔ eye le esia ta míadi be míanya mawusubɔsubɔnu siwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Japan ƒe ŋutinya kple Japantɔwo ƒe amenyenye dzi.

2. Aleke gbegbee Shinto kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Japantɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzii?

² Togbɔ be Shinto-subɔsubɔ gblɔna be hamevi siwo wu 91,000,000 le ye si le Japan, esi fia be le anyigba ma dzi tɔ ene ɖesiaɖe me la, ame etɔ̃e le ha ma me hã la, numekuku aɖe ɖee fia be ame 2,000,000, alo ame 3 le ame tsitsi alafa ɖesiaɖe me koe gblɔna be yewoxɔ Shinto la dzi se. Gake Sugata Masaaki si nye Shinto ŋuti numekula aɖe gblɔ be: “Shinto tra ɖe Japantɔwo ƒe gbesiagbenɔnɔ me ale gbegbe be ƒã hafi ameawo gaɖoa ŋku edzi be eli gɔ̃ hã. Japantɔwo bunɛ be enye dzɔdzɔmenu si medoa kplamatse ame o, abe ya si míegbɔna ene wu esi woabui mawusubɔsubɔe.” Amesiwo gblɔna be mawusubɔsubɔnya aɖeke meka yewo o kura gɔ̃ hã ƒlea Shintotɔwo ƒe atiblɛ siwo wobe wokpɔa ame ta le mɔzɔzɔ me, woɖea srɔ̃ ɖe Shintotɔwo ƒe kɔ nu, eye wozãa ga gbogbo ɖe Shintotɔwo ƒe ƒe sia ƒe ŋkekenyuiwo ŋu.

Aleke Wòdze Egɔmee?

3, 4. Aleke Japantɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔha wɔ va tɔ ŋkɔ zi gbãtɔ be Shinto?

³ Woto ŋkɔ “Shinto” vɛ le ƒe alafa enyilia M.Ŋ. me be woatsɔ ade vovototo afima ƒe subɔsubɔ kple Buddha-subɔsubɔ si wonɔ totom va Japan la domee. Sachiya Hiro si nye Japan-subɔsubɔhawo ŋuti numekula aɖe, ɖe nu me be: “Kakaɖedzitɔe la, ‘Japantɔwo ƒe Subɔsubɔ la’ . . . nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na Buddha-subɔsubɔ ƒe vava, gake enye subɔsubɔha si wometsɔ ɖo dɔe koŋ o, eye wònye kɔnuwo kple ‘nuwɔnawo’ ko. Gake esi woto Buddha-subɔsubɔ vɛ la, amewo va nyɔ ɖe eme be nuwɔna mawo nye Japantɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔha, si to vovo na Buddha-subɔsubɔ, si nye dutasubɔsubɔ.” Aleke Japantɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔha sia wɔ keke ta?

⁴ Esesẽ be woatɔ asi ɣeyiɣi aɖe koŋ dzi be eyae Shinto, alo “Japantɔwo ƒe Subɔsubɔ,” gbãtɔ dze egɔme. Esi wodze mɔligble dede le tsiteƒewo la, Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan ɖe nu me be “tsiteƒegbledede bia be amewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo like siwo me ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyui le la nanɔ anyi, eye woto agbledekɔnu—siwo va wɔ akpa vevi aɖe ŋutɔ le Shintō me—vɛ.” Blematɔ mawo xɔe se be dzɔdzɔmemawu geɖewoe li eye wode ta agu na wo hã.

5. (a) Nukae nye Shintotɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu ku ɖe ame kukuwo ŋu? (b) Ne míetsɔ Shintotɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu ku ɖe ame kukuwo ŋu sɔ kple Biblia tɔ la, aleke wòle?

⁵ Hekpe ɖe tadedeagu sia ŋu la, vɔvɔ̃ na luʋɔ siwo do le ame me na woto kɔnuwo vɛ be woatsɔ alé avu woe. Emegbe esia va zu ta dede agu na tɔgbui kukuwo ƒe gbɔgbɔ. Shintotɔwo ƒe dzixɔsee nye be amenyenye gakpɔtɔ le luʋɔ “si do go dzo” la si eye ne enya ku teti ko la, ku ƒe ɖi ɖena ɖe eŋu. Ne kutɔwo wɔ ŋkuɖodzikɔnuwo la, ekɔa luʋɔ la ŋuti ale gbegbe be wòɖea tamevɔ̃ɖoɖo ɖesiaɖe ɖa le eme, eye ŋutifafa kple nyuiwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme va nɔa esi. Ne ɣeyiɣiawo le yiyim la, tɔgbui la ƒe gbɔgbɔ va zua tɔgbuimawu, alo mawu si dzɔa ame ŋu. Eyata míekpɔe be luʋɔ makumaku dzixɔse la ganye gɔmeɖokpe na subɔsubɔha bubu eye wòkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe hameviawo ƒe nɔnɔme kple nuwɔnawo dzi.—Psalmo 146:4; Nyagblɔla 9:5, 6, 10.

6, 7. (a) Aleke Shintotɔwo bua woƒe mawuwoe tsã? (b) Nukae nye shintai, eye nukatae wòle vevie le Shinto-subɔsubɔ me? (Tsɔe sɔ kple Mose II, 20:4, 5; Mose III, 26:1; Korintotɔwo I, 8:5, 6.)

⁶ Wobu dzɔdzɔmemawuwo kple tɔgbuimawuwo be wonye gbɔgbɔ siwo “le dzodzom le yame” eye wosɔ gbɔ kpaŋkpaŋ ɖe yame. Le ŋkekenyuiɖuɣiwo la, woɖea kuku na mawuawo be woaɖi ava teƒe tɔxɛ aɖewo siwo ŋu wokɔ hena ŋkekenyuiɖuɖua. Wogblɔna be mawuwo va tsina shintai, siwo nye nusiwo wodea ta agu na abe atiwo, kpewo, ahũhɔ̃ewo, kple yiwo ene la me vie hafi gatrɔna dzona. Dzotɔwo, alo gbɔgbɔyɔlawo, nɔa ŋgɔ na kɔnu siwo wowɔna be woatsɔ ayɔ mawuawo vɛ la.

⁷ Vivivi la, mawuwo ƒe “dzeƒe” siwo ŋu wokɔna hena ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ko le ŋkekenyuiwo dzi la va zu afisiwo wosubɔna le ɖaa. Wova tu trɔ̃xɔwo na mawu siwo nyoa dɔme, siwo wɔ abe woawoe yraa wo la ene. Gbã la, womemèa mawuawo ƒe legbawo ɖi o ke ɖe wodea ta agu na shintai si me wogblɔ be mawuawo va nɔna la. To blibo ɖeka, abe Fuji-to la ene, ate ŋu anye shintai. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, mawuawo va sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be Japantɔwo to nya si nye yaoyorozu-no-kami, si gɔmeɖeɖe le nya la ŋutɔŋutɔ nue nye “mawu miliɔn enyi” (“kami” gɔmee nye “mawuwo”), la vɛ. Fifia wozãa nyagbɔgblɔ la tsɔ fiaa “mawu siwo xexlẽme meli na o,” elabena dzidzim koe Shinto-mawuwo le ɖe edzi ɖaa.

8. Le Shintotɔwo ƒe glitoto nu la, aleke wowɔ Amaterasu Omikami hezi ɖe edzi be wòaklẽe? (b) Aleke Amaterasu Omikami wɔ va zu dukɔa ƒe mawu, eye ƒomedodo kae le wo kple fiagãwo dome?

⁸ Esi Shintotɔwo ƒe kɔnuwo nɔ te ɖe trɔ̃xɔwo dzi koŋ ta la, to ɖesiaɖe tua xɔ na woawo ŋutɔwo ƒe mawu si dzɔa woƒe toa ŋu. Gake esi dukɔa ƒe fiagã la ƒe ƒome ƒo dukɔ la nu ƒu ɖekae le ƒe alafa enyilia me la, wodo woƒe ɣemawunɔ Amaterasu Omikami ɖe dzi be wòanye dukɔa ƒe mawu kpakple Shinto-mawuwo ƒe gãtɔ. (Kpɔ aɖaka si le axa 191.) Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, wova nɔ xo tum be fiagã la nye ɣemawunɔ la ƒe dzidzimevi tẽ. Bene woatsɔ ado ŋusẽ dzixɔse mae la, woŋlɔ Shintotɔwo ƒe agbalẽ vevi eve siwo nye Kojiki kple Nihon shoki le ƒe alafa enyilia M.Ŋ. me. Esi agbalẽ siawo tu xo tsɔ do fiaƒomea ɖe dzi be wonye mawuwo ƒe dzidzimeviwo ta, wona wova zu dzixɔse si li be fiagãwo ƒo nusianu ta.

Ŋkekenyuiwo Kple Kɔnuwo ƒe Subɔsubɔ

9. (a) Nukatae agbalẽnyala aɖe yɔ Shinto be enye subɔsubɔha si si “nuwo mele o”? (b) Aleke Shinto léa nufiafia ƒe nyawo vevie? (Tsɔe sɔ kple Yohanes 4:22-24.)

⁹ Gake womebu Shintotɔwo ƒe agbalẽ eve siawo be wonye ŋɔŋlɔ siwo tso gbɔgbɔ me o. Míade dzesii be haɖola alo agbalẽ kɔkɔe aɖeke mele Shintotɔwo si o. Shouichi Saeki, si nye Shinto ŋutinunyala la ɖe nu me be: “Shinto nye subɔsubɔha si ‘si nu geɖe mele o.’ Nufiafia koŋ aɖeke mele wo si o eye mawunyafiafia si ɖe dzesi aɖeke mele wo si o. Ðeko wòle abe ɖe gɔmeɖose aɖeke ŋutɔ mele wo si si dzi woawɔ ɖo o ene. . . . Togbɔ be wonyim le ƒome si me tɔwo nye Shintotɔwo tso wo tɔgbuiwo ŋɔli ke me hã la, nyemeɖo ŋku edzi be wofia mawunya adodoe aɖekem kpɔ o.” (Míawoe te gbe ɖe edzi.) Shintotɔwo bua nufiafiawo, gɔmeɖosewo, kple ɣeaɖewoɣi nusiwo wodea ta agu na kura gɔ̃ hã be womele vevie o. Shintotɔwo ƒe numekula aɖe gblɔ be: “Le mawuxɔ ɖeka ma ke me la, wotsɔa mawu bubu ɖɔa li nɔviae, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi amesiwo dea ta agu na mawu mawo eye wodoa gbe ɖa na wo menyana be woɖɔ li mawuawo o.”

10. Nukae nye nusi le vevie na Shintotɔwo?

¹⁰ Ke nukae nye nu vevitɔ na Shintotɔwo? Agbalẽ aɖe si ƒo nu tso Japantɔwo ƒe dekɔnuwo ŋu la gblɔ be: “Gbã la, Shinto-subɔsubɔ bu nuwɔna siwo doa nuto sue aɖe ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ kple dɔwɔɖui ɖe ŋgɔ la be wonye ‘nu nyui’ eye esiwo xea mɔ na wo la be ‘womenyo o.’” Wobua ɖekawɔwɔ si anɔ ame kple mawuwo, kpakple dzɔdzɔme, kple nuto si me wole dome la be woawo ŋue asixɔxɔ gãtɔ le. Wobua nusianu si gblẽa nutoa me ŋutifafa ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ me be wonye nu gbegblẽ eɖanye aleke gbegbe woxɔ asii le agbenyuinɔnɔ me o.

11. Akpa kae ŋkekenyuiɖuɖuwo wɔna le Shinto-subɔsubɔ kple woƒe gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ me?

¹¹ Esi nufiafia si dzi woda asi ɖo koŋ ŋutɔŋutɔ aɖeke mele Shintotɔwo si o ta la, mɔ si dzi wòtona doa ɖekawɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ le nutoa mee nye kɔnuwo kple ŋkekenyuiwo. Nugɔmekugbalẽ si nye Nihon Shukyo Jiten ɖe nu me be: “Nusi nye vevitɔ kekeake le Shinto-subɔsubɔ mee nye be míeɖu ŋkekenyuiwo alo míeɖu wo o.” (Kpɔ aɖaka si le axa 193.) Aglo tutu ɖekae le tɔgbuiwo ƒe mawuwo gbɔ le ŋkekenyuiwo me na ɖekawɔwɔgbɔgbɔ nɔ amesiwo le mɔligbledeƒewo la dome. Ŋkekenyuiawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ ku ɖe mɔligbledede ŋu tsã eye nenemae wògale fifia hã. Le adame la, kɔƒedumetɔwo yɔa “mɔligbledemawu” be wòaɖi ava yewoƒe du me, eye wodoa gbe ɖa biana be wòana yewoƒe nukuwo nanyo. Le kele me la, wodaa akpe na woƒe mawuwo ɖe nukuawo ta. Le ŋkekenyuiwo dzi la, wotsɔa woƒe mawuwo tsanae le mikoshi, alo trɔ̃xɔ si wote ŋu kɔna la dzi eye wonoa mɔliha (sake) heɖua nu ɖekae kple mawuawo.

12. Nuŋutikɔkɔ ka ƒomevie wowɔna le Shinto-subɔsubɔ me, eye le taɖodzinu ka ta?

¹² Shintotɔwo xɔe se be be ɖekawɔwɔ nanɔ yewo kple mawuawo dome la, ele be yewoakɔ yewo ɖokui ŋu tso agbenɔnɔ ƒe ɖi kple nuvɔ̃ ɖesiaɖe me. Afisiae kɔnuwo va hiãna le. Mɔnu evee li wotsɔna kɔa ame alo nane ŋui. Ðekae nye oharai eye eveliae nye misogi. Le oharai me la, Shinto-nunɔla nyèa ati aɖe si woyɔna be “sakaki” si nu wòtsia agbalẽ ɖeɖee alo ɖetifu ɖo be woatsɔ akɔ nu alo ame ŋui, gake le misogi me la, tsie wozãna. Ŋutikɔkɔkɔnu siawo le vevie le Shinto-subɔsubɔ me ale gbegbe be Japantɔwo ƒe agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be: “Woate ŋu agblɔe kple kakaɖedzi be kɔnu siawo manɔmee la, Shinto mate ŋu anɔ anyi [abe subɔsubɔha ene] o.”

Shinto ƒe Tɔtrɔ Ðe Nɔnɔmeawo Ŋu

13, 14. Aleke Shinto trɔ nɔnɔme wòsɔ ɖe subɔsubɔha bubuwo nui?

¹³ Ŋkekenyuiwo kple kɔnuwo gakpɔtɔ nɔ anyi kple Shinto togbɔ be wowɔ tɔtrɔwo le Shinto-ha la me le ƒe siwo va yi me gake. Tɔtrɔ kawoe wowɔ? Shinto ŋuti numekula aɖe tsɔ tɔtrɔ siwo va Shinto me la sɔ kple alesi atikpakpɛ siwo wodoa awu na la trɔnae. Esi wotsɔ Buddha-subɔsubɔ vɛ la, Shinto do Buddhatɔwo ƒe nufiafia la abe awu ene. Esi ameawo hiã agbenyuinɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo la, etsɔ Konfusiotɔwo ƒe nufiafia ƒe awu do. Shinto te ŋu trɔa eɖokui bɔbɔe ale gbegbe.

¹⁴ Hatsakatsaka, alo subɔsubɔha aɖe ƒe nuwɔnawo tsɔtsɔ atsaka bubu tɔe yi edzi le Shinto ƒe ŋutinya ƒe gɔmedzedze me teti. Togbɔ be Konfusio-subɔsubɔ kple Tao-subɔsubɔ, siwo woyɔna le Japan be “yin kple yang ƒe Mɔ,” ge ɖe Shinto-subɔsubɔ me hã la, Buddha-subɔsubɔ koŋ ye nye nu vevitɔ si tsaka kple Shinto.

15, 16. (a) Aleke Shintotɔwo wɔ ɖe Buddha-subɔsubɔ ŋu? (b) Aleke Shinto kple Buddha subɔsubɔ wɔ va tsaka?

¹⁵ Esi Buddha-subɔsubɔ to China kple Korea va la, Japantɔwo yɔ woƒe subɔsubɔhanuwɔnawo be Shinto, alo “mawuwo ƒe mɔ.” Gake esi woto subɔsubɔha yeye vɛ la, Japantɔwo me mã ɖe Buddha-subɔsubɔ xɔxɔ alo egbegbe ta. Buddhatɔwo dzidelawo te tɔ ɖe edzi be ‘Nenemae dukɔ siwo katã do liƒo kpli mí dea ta agui. Nukatae wòle be Japan ya tɔ nato vovo?’ Buddha-gbelawo hã hee be, ‘Ne míede ta agu na mawu siwo ƒo xlã mí la, míava do dziku na mía ŋutɔwo míaƒe mawuwo.’ Le dzrehehe ƒe geɖe megbe la, Buddhatɔwo dzidelawo va ɖu dzi. Le ƒe alafa adelia M.Ŋ. ƒe nuwuwu, esime Fia Shōtoku ge ɖe Buddha-subɔsubɔ me la, subɔsubɔha yeyea va xɔ anyinɔ.

¹⁶ Esi Buddha-subɔsubɔ nɔ ta kekem yi ɖe kɔƒenutowo me la, edo go Shinto-mawu siwo xɔ anyinɔ ɖe ameawo ƒe gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ me. Ehiã be subɔsubɔha evea nanɔ anyi ɖekae. Buddhatɔwo ƒe saɖaganunɔla siwo mlãa wo ɖokui le towo dzi lae na ha evea ƒo ƒu ɖekae. Esi wobu be towo dzie nye Shinto-mawuwo ƒe nɔƒe ta la, saɖaganunɔlawo ƒe nuteameɖokuigbenɔnɔ le toawo dzi na woɖoe be woatsɔ Shinto-subɔsubɔ kple Buddha-subɔsubɔ atsaka, eye esia hã na wotu jinguji, alo “trɔ̃xɔ-gbedoxɔwo.”a Vivivi la, subɔsubɔha evea va tsaka eye Buddha-subɔsubɔ la xɔ ŋgɔ le subɔsubɔha ƒe nufiafiawo dodo ɖa me.

17. (a) Kamikaze gɔme ɖe? (b) Aleke kamikaze do ƒome kple dzixɔse be Japan nye Mawu ƒe dukɔ lae?

¹⁷ Esi nusiawo nɔ edzi yim la, dzixɔse si nye be Mawu ƒe dukɔe Japan nye la nɔ ta kekem. Esime Mongoliatɔwo dze Japan dzi le ƒe alafa 13 lia me la, kamikaze, si gɔmeɖeɖe tẽe nye “Mawu ƒe ya,” dzixɔse aɖe to. Mongoliatɔwo tsɔ aʋawɔtɔdziʋu gbogbo aɖe ŋutɔ va dze Kyushu-ƒukpoa dzii zi eve, eye ahomya blu afɔ na wo zi eve. Japantɔwo tsɔe be yewoƒe Shinto-mawuwo (kami) ye na ahom, alo ya (kaze), siawo ƒo eye nusia do woƒe mawuwo ƒe ta ɖe dzi ŋutɔ.

18. Aleke Shinto ʋli ho kple subɔsubɔha bubuwoe?

¹⁸ Esi kaka ɖe Shinto-mawuwo dzi dzi ɖe edzi la, wobu wo be woawoe nye mawu gbãtɔwo, eye wobu Buddhawo (“blibodelawo”) kple bodhisattvawo (amesiwo ava zu Buddhawo, siwo kpena ɖe ame bubuwo ŋu be woaɖo blibodede gbɔ; kpɔ axa 136-8, 145-6) be wonye mawu la ƒe eɖokui ɖeɖe fia afimatɔwo si anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ko. Le Shintotɔwo kple Buddhatɔwo dome ʋiʋli sia ta la, Shinto-subɔsubɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu vovovo ƒe sukuwo to. Wo dometɔ aɖewo te gbe ɖe Buddha-subɔsubɔ dzi, bubuwo do Shinto-mawu gbogboawo ɖe dzi, eye ame bubuwo kura va tsɔ Konfusio-subɔsubɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖe si va emegbe la ɖe ami ɖe woƒe nufiafiawoe.

Fiasubɔsubɔ Kple Dukɔa ƒe Shinto

19. (a) Nukae nye Shintotɔ Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo ƒe taɖodzinu? (b) Susu ka gbɔe Norinaga Motoori ƒe nufiafiawo kplɔ ame yii? (d) Nukae Mawu le mía kpem be míawɔ?

¹⁹ Le lɔlɔ̃ ɖe nya dzi na wo nɔewo ƒe geɖe megbe la, Shintotɔwo ƒe mawunyafialawo tso nya me be Chinatɔwo ƒe mawusubɔsubɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo do gu yewoƒe subɔsubɔha. Eyata wote tɔ ɖe edzi be ɖeko yewoatrɔ ɖe Japantɔwo ƒe tsãkɔnuwo ŋu. Woɖo Shintotɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu suku yeye aɖe si woyɔna be Shinto si Woɖɔ Ðo la anyi eye Norinaga Motoori (Woxlẽnɛ be, Motoʹori), si nye ƒe alafa 18 lia me gbalẽnyala aɖee nye eƒe mawunyafiala vevitɔ ɖeka. Esi Motoori nɔ Japantɔwo ƒe dekɔnuwo ƒe dzɔƒe dim ta la, esrɔ̃ agbalẽ tɔxɛwo, vevietɔ Shintotɔwo ƒe agbalẽ siwo woyɔna be Kojiki. Efia nu be ɣemawunɔ Amaterasu Omikami ye ƒo mawu bubuawo ta gake egblẽ nusi gbɔ dzɔdzɔmenudzɔdzɔwo tsona la gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe mawuawo si me ko. Hekpe ɖe eŋu la, eƒe nufiafia fia be womate ŋu aka ɖe alesi Mawu ƒe mɔfiafia anɔ dzi o eye be enye amemabumabu be amegbetɔwo nadze agbagba be yewoase egɔme. Eƒe nufiafiae nye, Mègabia nya aɖeke o, eye nàbɔbɔ ɖokuiwò ɖe Mawu ƒe mɔfiafia te.—Yesaya 1:18.

20, 21. (a) Aleke Shintotɔwo ƒe mawunyafiala aɖe dze agbagba be yeaɖe “Chinatɔwo” ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖa le Shinto mee? (b) Nuɖoanyi kae Hirata ƒe xexemenunyafiafia he vɛ?

²⁰ Atsutane Hirata si nye eyomedzela ɖeka keke Norinaga ƒe nufiafia la ɖe enu eye wòdze agbagba be yeakɔ Shinto ŋu eye yeaɖe “Chinatɔwo” ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖesiaɖe ɖa le eme. Nukae Hirata wɔ? Etsɔ Shinto la kple “Kristotɔ” xɔsegbelawo ƒe mawunyafiafia tsaka! Etsɔ Amenominakanushi-no-kami, si nye mawu aɖe si woyɔ le Kojiki me la sɔ kple “Kristotɔnyenye” ƒe Mawu la eye wògblɔ be mawu evee le mawu sia si ɖu xexeame katã dzi la te, siwo nye “Esi Dzia Vi Kpaŋkpaŋ (Takami-musubi) kple Esi Tsɔa Mawu ƒe Ŋusẽ Dzia Vii (Kami-musubi), eye ewɔ abe woawoe tsi tre ɖi na ŋutsu kple nyɔnu ƒe gɔmeɖosewo ene.” (Religions in Japan) Ẽ, exɔ mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia tso Roma Katolikotɔwo gbɔ, togbɔ be esia meva zu Shintotɔwo ƒe nufiafia vevi kpɔ o hã. Gake esi Hirata tsɔ nusi woyɔna be Kristo-subɔsubɔ tsaka Shintoe la, ena be mlɔeba mawuɖekasubɔsubɔ si ƒomevi le Kristodukɔa me la ge ɖe Shintotɔwo ƒe susu me.—Yesaya 40:25, 26.

²¹ Hirata ƒe mawunyafiafia dzie wotu ‘De Ta Agu na Fiagã La’ ƒe nuɖoanyia si na woɖe asrafo ƒe dzizizidziɖula siwo nye aƒetɔwo, kple aʋafiadziɖulawo ƒe nuɖoanyia ɖa eye woɖo fiaɖuƒea katã ƒe dziɖuɖu anyi le ƒe 1868 me la ɖo. Esi woɖo fiaɖuƒea katã ƒe dziɖuɖu anyi la, wotia Hirata ƒe nusrɔ̃lawo be woanye Shinto-subɔsubɔa teƒenɔlawo le dziɖuɖua me, eye woawoe nye amesiwo nɔ megbe sesĩe na nuɖoɖo si nye be woatsɔ Shinto awɔ Dukɔa ƒe subɔsubɔhae. Le dukplɔɖoɖo yeyea me la, wobu fiagã la be enye ɣemawunɔ Amaterasu Omikami ƒe dzidzimevi tẽ, eye wobui be “ele kɔkɔe eye womate ŋu adze agɔ le edzi o.” Esia wɔe wòzu Shinto-dukɔa ƒe mawu gãtɔ.—Psalmo 146:3-5.

Shintotɔwo ƒe “Segbalẽ Kɔkɔe La”

22, 23. (a) Segbalẽ eve kawoe fiagã la ŋlɔ? (b) Nukatae wobu segbalẽ siawo be wole kɔkɔe?

²² Togbɔ be Shintotɔwo ƒe blemanuŋlɔɖiwo, kɔnuwo, kple gbedodoɖawo le Kojiki, Nihongi la, kple Yengishiki me hã la, dukɔa ƒe Shinto hiã na agbalẽ kɔkɔe. Le ƒe 1882 me Fiagã Meiji ŋlɔ Fia la ƒe Segbalẽ na Asrafowo kple Ƒudzimɔzɔlawo. Esi wònye fiagã la gbɔe wòtso ta la, Japantɔwo bui segbalẽ kɔkɔee, eye ezu nusi ŋu asrafowo dea ŋugble le gbesiagbe. Ete gbe ɖe edzi be agba si le ame dzi be wòawɔ eƒe dɔdasiwo kple nuɖoɖowo na fiamawu la nye nusi ƒo nusianu si wòawɔ na ame bubu ɖesiaɖe la ta.

²³ Wogaŋlɔ nu bubuwo kpe Shintotɔwo ƒe segbalẽ kɔkɔea esime fia la ɖe Fia ƒe Sukudede Segbalẽ ɖe go le October 30, 1890 dzi. Shigeyoshi Murakami, si nye dukɔa ƒe Shinto ƒe numekula ɖe nu me be: “Menye sukunufiafia ƒe gɔmeɖosewo koe wòɖo anyi o ke boŋ nu vi aɖe koe susɔ wòazu dukɔa ƒe Shinto ƒe ŋɔŋlɔ kɔkɔe.” Segbalẽa kɔ eme be “ŋutinya me” ƒomedodo si nɔ blemafia siwo ƒe gli woto kple wo teviwo dome la nye nusi dzi woɖo sukudede ɖo. Aleke Japantɔwo bu se siawoe?

24. (a) Gblɔ alesi dukɔa bu fia ƒe segbalẽawoe la ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖe. (b) Aleke Dziɖuɖua ƒe Shinto wɔ va zu ta dede agu na fia la?

²⁴ Asano Koshino ɖo ŋku edzi be: “Esime menye nyɔnuvi sue la, [suku]megã la ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ kɔa atiɖaka aɖe si ƒe kɔkɔme ɖoa ame ŋkume eye wòtsɔnɛ doa goe le bubu tɔxɛ me. Sukumegã la xɔa aɖaka la eye wòɖea agbalẽ si me woŋlɔ Fia ƒe Sukudede Segbalẽa ɖo la le eme. Ne wole segbalẽa xlẽm la, ele be míabɔbɔ ta vaseɖe esi míase nya mamleawo be, ‘Fia la ƒe Ŋkɔ kple eƒe Dzesinu la.’ Míesee zi geɖe ale gbegbe be nyawo tsi susu me na mí.” Vaseɖe ƒe 1945 me la wotsɔ sukudede si wotu ɖe glitoto dzi he dukɔa katã ƒe susu be woatsɔ wo ɖokui aɖe adzɔgbee na fia la. Wobu dziɖuɖua ƒe Shinto be eyae nye Shinto-subɔsubɔ si de ŋgɔ wu bubuawo katã, eye woɖiɖi Shinto ƒe kɔmamã 13 bubua siwo nɔ nu bubuwo fiam ɖe anyi be woawoe nye Shinto Kɔmamãwo.

Japan ƒe Subɔsubɔdɔdasi—Xexeame Katã Dziɖuɖu

25. Aleke dukɔa bu Japantɔwo ƒe fiae?

²⁵ Woli dukɔa ƒe Shinto ƒe legba hã. Masato si nye Japantɔ aɖe si zu ame tsitsi la ɖo ŋku edzi be: “Ŋdi sia ŋdi metrɔa ŋkume dzea ɣea si nye mawunɔ Amaterasu Omikami ƒe dzesi eye meƒoa asikpe, emegbe metrɔa ŋkume ɖe ɣedzeƒe dzea ŋgɔ Fiasã la eye medea ta agu na fia la.” Amesiwo dzi fiagã la ɖu la dea ta agu nɛ abe mawu ene. Wobunɛ be eyae nye nusianu ƒe tatɔ le dunyahehe kple mawusubɔsubɔ me elabena ɣemawunɔ la ƒe dzidzimevie. Japantɔ nufialagã aɖe gblɔ be: “Fiagã la nye Mawu si ɖe eɖokui fia le amewo ƒe nɔnɔme me. Enye Mawu si ɖe eɖokui fia.”

26. Nufiafia kae do go tso fiasubɔsubɔ la me?

²⁶ Esia na be woto nufiafia aɖe vɛ be “xexe sia me si wokpɔna la ƒe titinae nye Mikado [Fiagã la] ƒe anyigba. Ele be míakaka Gbɔgbɔ Triakɔ sia tso afima ɖe xexeame katã. . . . Japan Gã la keke ɖe enu be wòaxɔ xexeame katã kple nana be xexeame katã nazu Mawuwo ƒe anyigba ye nye dɔ si hiã kpata fifia, eye eyae ganye míaƒe taɖodzinu matrɔmatrɔ mavɔ la.” (The Political Philosophy of Modern Shinto, si D. C. Holtom ŋlɔ.) Womede mamã aɖeke Ha la kple Dziɖuɖua dome o!

27. Aleke aʋakpablalawo zã Japantɔwo ƒe fiagã la subɔsubɔe?

²⁷ John B. Noss gblɔ le eƒe agbalẽ si nye Man’s Religions me be: “Japan-srafowo mehe ɖe megbe kura hafi xɔ nukpɔsusu sia o. Wona wòzu dze si woɖona le aʋagbedzi be aʋadziɖuɖue nye Japan ƒe dɔdasi kɔkɔe. Kakaɖedzitɔe la, míate ŋu akpɔ nusiwo kplɔnɛ ɖo godoo ne wotsɔ dukɔlɔlɔ̃ kple mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe gɔmeɖosewo tsaka la katã le nya siawo me.” Shintotɔwo ƒe glitoto si nye be fia la nye mawu kple alesi wotsɔ mawusubɔsubɔ tsaka dukɔlɔlɔ̃e la he afɔku gã aɖe va Japantɔwo kple dukɔ bubuwo dzii!

28. Akpa kae Shinto wɔ le Japantɔwo ƒe aʋakpababla ƒe agbagbadzedze me?

²⁸ Mɔnukpɔkpɔ bubu aɖeke meganɔ anyi na Japantɔwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ o wu be woade ta agu na fiagã la le dziɖuɖua ƒe Shinto-ha kple eƒe fiaɖuƒenuɖoanyia te. Norinaga Motoori ƒe nufiafia be ‘Mègabia nya aɖeke o, eye nàbɔbɔ ɖokuiwò ɖe Mawu ƒe mɔfiafia te’ la tsi Japantɔwo ƒe susu me eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe woƒe tamebubu dzi. Esi ƒe 1941 ɖo la, woƒo dukɔa katã nu ƒu ɖe Xexemeʋa II wɔwɔ ŋu le Dziɖuɖua ƒe Shinto kple adzɔgbeɖeɖe na “amegbetɔ-mawu-gbagbe” la ƒe ŋkɔ me. Wosusui be ‘Mawu ƒe dukɔe Japan nye, eye kamikaze, Mawu ƒe ya la aƒo ne nu sesẽ aɖe di be yeadzɔ.’ Asrafowo kple woƒe ƒomewo ƒo koko na mawu siwo nye wo ŋudzɔlawo be woana yewoaɖu aʋa la dzi.

29. Nukae na ame geɖe ƒe xɔse gbɔdzɔ le Xexemeʋa II megbe?

²⁹ Esime woɖu ‘Mawu ƒe dukɔ’ la dzi le ƒe 1945 me le atɔmbɔmb eve siwo gbã Hiroshima kple Nagasaki ƒe akpa gã aɖe la dada me la, nya sesẽ aɖe dzɔ ɖe Shinto dzi. Ðeko fia Hirohito si nye mawu si wobe womete ŋu ɖua edzi gbeɖegbeɖe o la zu amegbetɔ si wosi zi ɖeka. Ede kubi Japantɔwo ƒe xɔse ŋu vevie. Kamikaze mete ŋu xɔ na dukɔa o. Nugɔmekugbalẽ si nye Nihon Shukyo Jiten gblɔ be: “Susu siwo tae la dometɔ ɖekae nye vevesese si wònye na dukɔa be woflu yewo. . . . Vɔ̃ɖitɔ wue nye, Shintotɔwo mete ŋu gblɔ mawusubɔsubɔ me numeɖeɖe deŋgɔ si sɔ aɖeke tso ɖikeke siwo [wo dzi ɖuɖua] he vɛ la ŋu o. Eyata mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu si meɖe tsitsi fia o si nye be ‘Mawu alo Buddha aɖeke meli o’ la va zu nɔnɔme si bɔ ɖe amewo me.”

Mɔ si dzi Ðekawɔwɔ Vavãtɔ Ato Ava

30. (a) Nukae míate ŋu asrɔ̃ tso nusi dzɔ ɖe Shinto dzi le Xexemeʋa II me la me? (b) Nukatae wòhiã vevie be míazã tamebubuŋusẽ le tadedeagu me?

³⁰ Mɔ si dzi dziɖuɖua ƒe Shinto to la ɖe alesi wòhiã be amesiame naku blemadzixɔse siwo dzi wòxɔ se la me la ƒe vevienyenye fia. Anye ɖeka wɔwɔ kple wo nɔvi Japantɔwoe Shintotɔwo di esime wokpe asi ɖe aʋakpababla la ŋu. Edze ƒã be ema mena ɖekawɔwɔ le xexeame o, eye esi wowu ŋutsu siwo wɔa dɔ tsɔ kpɔa wo dzi kple woƒe ɖekakpuiwo le aʋagbedzi la, mehe ɖekawɔwɔ va aƒee hã o. Hafi míatsɔ míaƒe agbe aɖe adzɔgbee na ame aɖe la, ele be míalé ŋku ɖe ame ma kple nusi míetsɔ mía ɖokui le kekem la ŋu nyuie. Kristotɔ nufiala aɖe gblɔ na Romatɔ siwo dea ta agu na fiagã tsã la be: “[Mitsɔ] miaƒe ŋutilãwo [wɔ] vɔsasa gbagbe, si ŋuti kɔ, si dze Mawu ŋu, esi anye miaƒe mawusubɔsubɔ gbɔgbɔmetɔ.” Abe alesi wòle be Roma Kristotɔwo nazã woƒe tamebubu ƒe ŋutete atsɔ atia amesi woatsɔ wo ɖokui aɖe adzɔgbee na ene la, nenema ke wòle be míawo hã míazã míaƒe tamebubu ƒe ŋutete atsɔ atia amesi míasubɔe.—Romatɔwo 12:1, 2.

31. (a) Nukae sɔ gbɔ na Shintotɔwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ? (b) Biabia kae hiã ŋuɖoɖo?

³¹ Le Shintotɔwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ gome la, menye amesi tututu mawu aɖe nye ye nye nya la le woƒe mawusubɔsubɔ me o. Hidenori Tsuji si nye Japantɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔha ŋutinyafiala gblɔ be: “Menye mawuwo alo Buddhawoe le vevie na ame gbɔlowo o. Woɖanye mawuwo alo Buddhawo o, ne wonya se woƒe kukuɖeɖe be woana nukuwo naʋã eye be woaɖe dɔléle ɖa ahakpɔ ƒomea ta ko la, ema ɖeɖe su na wo.” Gake ɖe ema kplɔ wo yi nyateƒe Mawu la kple eƒe yayrawo gbɔea? Ŋuɖoɖoa si dze le ŋutinya me la me kɔ kɔte.

32. Nuka mee míadzro le míaƒe ta si kplɔe ɖo me?

³² Le Shintotɔwo ƒe mawu didi me la, esi wotu woƒe dzixɔsewo ɖe glitoto dzi la, ɖeko wotrɔ woƒe fia si nye amegbetɔ gbɔlo wòzu mawu, amesi woyɔ be enye ɣemawunɔ Amaterasu Omikami ƒe dzidzimevi. Gake ƒe akpe geɖe do ŋgɔ hafi Shinto nava dzɔ la, nyateƒe Mawu la ɖe eɖokui fia ŋutsu aɖe si nye Semtɔ si nye xɔsetɔ le Mesopotamia. Míaƒe agbalẽa ƒe ta si kplɔe ɖo la adzro nudzɔdzɔ tɔxɛ ma kple emetsonu me.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Aɖaka si le axa 191]

Ɣemawunɔ la le Shintotɔwo ƒe Gliwo Me

Wogblɔ le Shintotɔwo ƒe gliwo me be gbaɖegbe ʋĩ la, mawu si ŋkɔe nye Izanagi “klɔ eƒe miaŋku dzi, eye esia na wòdzi mawunɔ gã Amaterasu, Ɣemawunɔ la.” Emegbe Susanoo, atsiaƒugɔmemawu la dzi ŋɔ na Amaterasu ale gbegbe be “wòɣla eɖokui ɖe Dziƒo ƒe agado aɖe me eye wòtsɔ agakpe gã aɖe xe mɔa nui. Xexeame va tsi viviti me.” Eyata mawuawo va yi aɖaŋu me be woatsɔ aɖe Amaterasu tso agadoa mee. Wonyã koklo siwo kua atɔ fɔŋli la de teƒe ɖeka eye wowɔ ahũhɔ̃e gã aɖe. Wotsɔ kpe xɔasiwo kple avɔ ku ati siwo woyɔna be sakaki. Eye mawunɔ Ama no Uzume dze ɣe ɖuɖu eye wòtsɔ afɔ nɔ tsilegba ƒom abe ʋu ene. Esi ɣeɖuɖua ɖo eme nɛ ŋutɔŋutɔ la, eɖe awu le eɖokui ŋu eye mawuawo dze nu koko hahaha. Esi nusiawo nɔ edzi yim la, Amaterasu di be yeakpɔ nusi le dzɔdzɔm ɖa eye wòdo ŋku ɖa hekpɔ eɖokui le ahũhɔ̃e me. Eya ŋutɔ ƒe dzedzeme si wòkpɔ le ahũhɔ̃ea me na wòdo ɖe xexe tso agadoa me eye Ŋusẽ ƒe mawu lé eƒe asi sesẽe hehee do goe ɖe xexe. “Ɣemawunɔ la gaklẽ ɖe xexeame ake.”—New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.—Tsɔe sɔ kple Mose I, 1:3-5, 14-19; Psalmo 74:16, 17; 104:19-23.

[Aɖaka si le axa 193]

Shinto—Subɔsubɔha si me Ŋkekenyuiwo Bɔ Ðo

Japantɔwo ɖua subɔsubɔŋkekenyui, alo matsuri gbogbo aɖe ƒe sia ƒe. Wo dometɔ vevitɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo gbɔna:

▪ Sho-gatsu, alo Ƒe Yeye Ŋkekenyui, January 1-3.

▪ Setsubun, Ayi hehlẽ ɖe aƒea me kple aƒea godo, ahanɔ ɣli dom be, “Abosamwo, mido go, dzɔgbenyui ge ɖe eme”; February 3.

▪ Hina Matsuri, alo nyɔnuviwo ƒe Ameti kpakpɛ Ŋkekenyui, woɖunɛ le March 3 lia dzi. Woɖoa kplɔ̃ si dzi wodaa ameti kpakpɛwo ɖo tsɔ ɖea alesi blemafiawo ƒeme nɔ tsã la fiana.

▪ Ŋutsuviwo ƒe Ŋkekenyui, le May 5 lia dzi; Koi-nobori wotsia (aŋenu siwo me wodea yae siwo le abe tɔmelã ene, esi nye ŋusẽ ƒe dzesi) ɖe ati ŋu wònɔa yiyim le yame

▪ Tsukimi, Ŋku léle ɖe keledzinu si sɔ ŋu, le esime wotsɔa mɔligawu nogo suewo kple agblemenuku gbãtɔwo nɔa vɔ samee.

▪ Kanname-sai, alo fiagã la ƒe mɔli yeye vɔsa le October me.

▪ Fiaƒome la ɖua Niiname-sai le November me, esime fiagã la, si xɔa ŋgɔ abe Fiaɖuƒea ƒe Shinto-nunɔla vevitɔ ene le heɖɔa mɔli yeye la kpɔna.

▪ Shinto-ƒomewo ɖua Shichi-go-san, si gɔmee nye “adre-atɔ̃-etɔ̃” le November 15 lia dzi. Wobua ƒe adre, atɔ̃, kple etɔ̃ xɔxɔ be wonye tɔtrɔƒe veviwo; ɖeviwo doa awu siwo woyɔna be kimono siwo nya kpɔ eye woyia ƒomea ƒe trɔ̃xɔ me.

▪ Woɖua Buddhatɔwo ƒe ŋkekenyui geɖewo hã; wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Buddha ƒe dzigbe si nye April 8 lia, kple Obon Ŋkekenyui la le July 15 lia dzi; le ŋkekenyui sia ƒe nuwuwu la, wodaa akaɖiwo ɖe atsiaƒu alo tɔsisiwo dzi wonɔa tsia ŋgɔ “be woafia mɔ tɔgbui kukuwo ƒe gbɔgbɔ ayi xexe kemea mee.”

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 188]

Shintotɔ aɖe le biabiam be mawuwo neve ye nu

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 189]

Shinto, ‘Mawuwo ƒe Mɔ’

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 190]

Ɣeaɖewoɣi wobua to blibo, abe Fuji-to la ene, be enye shintai, alo nu subɔsubɔ

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 195]

Shintotɔwo kɔ mikoshi, alo trɔ̃xɔ si wokɔna, eye le etame la, wotrɔ seƒoƒoti (aoi) si le abe “rose” ene ƒe aŋgbawo awu ŋu le Aoi ƒe Ŋkekenyui dzi le Kyoto

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 196]

Wobui be agbalẽ ɖeɖee alo ɖetifu si wotɔna ɖe ati malũxe nu henyèna la kɔa ame kple nuwo ŋu eye esia nyea kakaɖedzi be nu mawo le dedie

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 197]

Japantɔ mebunɛ be gbe dodo ɖa le Shinto-trɔ̃xɔ me, le miame, kpakple le Buddhatɔwo ƒe vɔsamlekpui hã ŋgɔ nye nusiwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu o

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 198]

Wode ta agu na Fia Hirohito le aɖaka dzi abe ɣemawunɔ la ƒe dzidzimevi ene

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 203]

Ðetugbi aɖe tsɔ ema, alo ati kpakpɛ si dzi woŋlɔ gbedodoɖa ɖo, si wòƒle la le kaklãm ɖe trɔ̃xɔ ŋu