Mabanja Gwirizanani Kusanakhale Kuchedwa Kwenikweni
“Banja ndilo kakonzedwe ka anthu kakale kopambana. M’njira zambiri n’lofunika kopambana. Ndilo maziko enieni a chitaganya. Matsungulidwe athunthu apulumuka kapena kuzimiririka, kumadalira pakuti kaya moyo wa banja unali wamphamvu kapena wofooka.”—The World Book Encyclopedia (Kope la 1973).
CHIGAWO cha banja ndicho mwafuli wotetezera ana. M’malo ambiri lerolino, banja liri ndi zofooka; m’malo ena ambiri, banja likuthetsedwa ndi kunyalanyazidwa. Banja lamwambo kaŵirikaŵiri limakankhidwira pambali kukhala lachikale. Kaŵirikaŵiri anthu anthabwala a pa wailesi yakanema amasonyeza atate kukhala opusa, amayi kukhala ochenjera, koma ana kukhala odziŵa koposa.
Kusakhulupirika kwa muukwati kuli kofala. M’maiko ena otukuka, ukwati umodzi mwa maukwati aŵiri aliwonse oyamba amasudzulana. Pamene zisudzulo zikuwonjezeka, mabanja a kholo limodzi akuchuluka. M’ziŵerengero zowonjezeka, anthu aŵiri amakhalira pamodzi popanda kukwatirana. Ogonana ofanana ziŵalo amafuna kulemekeza unansi wawo ndi malumbiro aukwati. Kugonana, kwachibadwa ndi kosakhala kwachibadwa, kumakhala chokopa chenicheni m’makanema ndi mavideo. Sukulu zimalingalira kusachita kugonana kukhala kosatheka ndipo amapereka macondom kotero kuti dama likhale lachisungiko—macondomwo samalipanga kukhala lachisungikodi. Matenda opatsirana mwakugonana ndi mimba za achichepere zikukwera mochititsa mantha. Makanda ndiwo amakhala minkhole—ngati aloledwa kubadwa. Pokhala ndi kuchepekera kwa banja lamwambo, ana ndiwo amavutikiramo.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, wopata mphotho ya Nobel Alexis Carrel, anapereka chenjezo ili m’bukhu lake la Man, the Unknown: “Chitaganya chamakono chapanga chophophonya chachikulu mwakuloŵa m’malo kotheratu kuphunzitsa kwapanyumba ndi sukulu. Anakubala amaleka ana awo ku sukulu yanasale [tsopano, ku malo osamalira ana masana ndi sukulu yamkaka] kotero kuti apite kuntchito zawo, akasamalire zikhumbo zawo zamayanjano, zosangalatsa zawo zakugonana, maluso awo olemba kapena kujambula, kapena kukangoseŵera njuga ya makadi, kupita kukapenyerera kanema, ndikuthera nthaŵi yawo pa zinthu zosakonzekera. Chifukwa chake, iwo ali ndi thayo lakuzimiririka kwa banja m’limene mwana anali wogwirizana ndi achikulire ndipo anaphunzira zambiri kuchokera kwa iwo. . . . Kuti aifikire nyonga yake yokwanira, munthu amafunikira kukhala payekha kwakanthaŵi ndi chisamaliro cha kagulu kamayanjano kopangidwa ndi banja.”—Tsamba 176.
Posachedwapa kwenikweni, wanthabwala Steve Allen anathirira ndemanga pa chivulazo chimene wailesi yakanema imachita pa banja, yomwe njochuluka ndi chinenero choipa ndi chisembwere chakugonana. Iye anati: “Unyinji wa chinenero choipa ndi chisembwere chakugonana ukutikokolola kumka nafe ku mlingo woluluzika kwenikweni. Chinenero chenichenicho chimene makolo amaletsa ana awo kuchigwiritsira ntchito ndicho chikulimbikitsidwa tsopano popanda kuletsa osati kokha ndi ogulitsa a wailesi yakanema ya nsambo, komanso ndi yomwe kale inali ndi miyezo yapamwamba yamakhalidwe. Maprogramu amene amasonyeza ana ndi anthu ena akugwiritsira ntchito chinenero chotukwana amangogogomezera kugwa kwa banja Lachimereka.”
Kodi ndicholoŵa chotani chimene chitaganya chikusiira ana ake tsopano? Ŵerengani manyuzipepala, penyererani wailesi yakanema, onani mavideo, tsegulani nyuzi zamadzulo, mvetserani ku nyimbo zoŵerengedwa mwapamtima, onani zitsanzo za achikulire kulikonse mokuzingani. Ana akudyetsedwa zinthu zoipa zamaganizo ndi malingaliro. Yemwe kale anali mlembi wa unduna wazamaphunziro mu Briteni, Bwana Keith Joseph ananena kuti: “Ngati mukufuna kuwononga dziko, mumaluluza ndalama yake.” Ndipo anawonjezera kuti: “Njira yowonongera chitaganya ndiyo kululuza ana.” Malinga ndi kunena kwa Websters, liwu lakuti “debauch” (kululuza) limatanthauza “kupatutsa pa chabwino kapena choposa.” Zimenezo zikuchitidwa molipsira lerolino. Zambiri zanenedwa ponena za kupulupudza kwa ana; zambiri ziyenera kunenedwa ponena za kupulupudza kwa achikulire.
Zochita Zathu Zidzatisautsa
Geneva B. Johnson, prezidenti ndi mkulu wa Family Service America, ananena motere m’nkhani imene anaipereka kuchiyambi kwa chaka chino: “Banja nlodwala kwambiri, kapena liri pafupi kufa kwenikweni.” Akumalitcha “chithunzi choipa kwa ana athu ambiri,” iye anawonjezera motsimikiza kuti: “Kufunitsitsa kwa dziko kunyalanyaza ambiri a ana athu opanda nyumba zabwino, osadyetsedwa bwino, osasamaliridwa bwino m’zamakhwala, ndi osaphunzitsidwa bwino kukhala onyanyalidwa m’chitaganya cholemera kudzatibwerera kudzatisautsa.” Iko kwayamba kale kubwera kudzatisautsa. Mungaŵerenge za izo m’manyuzipepala, kumva za izo panyuzi zapawailesi, ndikuziwona pawailesi yanu yakanema. Nachi chitsanzo chaching’ono:
Judonne asolola mfuti nawombera Jermaine katatu m’chifuwa. Jermaine wafa; anali ndi zaka 15. Judonne ali ndi zaka 14. Iwo anali mabwenzi a ponda apa mpondepo. Iwo anakanganirana msungwana.
Anthu zana limodzi asonkhana pamaliro a Michael Hilliard wazaka 16 zakubadwa. Iye anawomberedwa kunkhongo pamene ankachokapo pamkangano pa maseŵera a basketball.
Mu Brooklyn, New York, achichepere atatu atentha okwatirana opanda nyumba. Pamene rubbing alcohol sanayake, iwo anagwiritsira ntchito petulo. Ndipo anayaka.
Mu Florida mwana wazaka zisanu zakubadwa anakankha mwana wongoyamba kumene kuyenda kuchokera pamakwerero a nyumba yosanja yachisanu nafa.
Mu Texas mwana wazaka khumi zakubadwa anatenga mfuti nawombera mnzake woseŵera naye naika mtembo wake pansi panyumba.
Mu Georgia mnyamata wazaka 15 zakubadwa anapyoza ndi mpeni wamkulu wapasukulu pamene anali kumpatsa chilango.
Mu Mzinda wa New York, gulu la achichepere akumapeto kwa zaka zawo zapakati pa 13 ndi 19 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka 20, ali okonzeka ndi zomenyera, mapaipi, nkhwangwa, mipeni, ndi chodulira nyama, ananka “kukasakaza” pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu opanda nyumba, navulaza ambiri nasiya wina atadulidwa khosi. Kodi cholinga chinali chiyani? Wofufuza wina akufotokoza kuti: “Iwo anali kusangalala ndi kuukira opanda nyumba.”
Mu Detroit, Michigan, mnyamata wazaka 11 zakubadwa anagwirizana ndi wazaka 15 zakubadwa kugwirira chigololo msungwana wazaka ziŵiri zakubadwa. Kukunenedwa kuti anataya mnkhole wawo Motaira zinyalala.
Mu Cleveland, Ohio, anyamata anayi azaka kuyambira zisanu ndi chimodzi kufika ku zisanu ndi zinayi anagwirira chigololo msungwana wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi pasukulu yapulaimale. Pothirira ndemanga pazimenezi, wolemba nkhani m’danga la nyuzipepala Brent Larkin, akumalemba mu Cleveland Plain Dealer, anati: “Chochitikacho chimanena zambiri ponena za zimene zikuchitika m’dzikoli, ponena za mmene madongosolo athu a makhalidwe abwino akulunjikira kumalo oluluzika kwenikweni.”
Dr. Leslie Fisher, profesa wa zamaganizo pa Cleveland State University, anapatsa mlandu wailesi yakanema. Iye anaitcha “makina aakulu a zakugonana,” ndipo “ana a zaka 8 ndi 9 amapenyerera zinthu zimenezi.” Iye anapatsanso mlandu makolo chifukwa cha kunyonyotsoka kwa banja Lachimereka: “Amayi ndi atate ali otanganitsidwa kwenikweni ndi zinthu zawo ndipo samatenga nthaŵi yakusamalira ana awo.”
Kututa Zomwe Tafesa
Zinthu zosiyanasiyana m’chitaganya, makamaka mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani, osangulutsa, zosangulutsa—zinthu zimene zimapeza phindu mwakudyerera anthu mopambanitsa—zimasonyeza kugonana ndi chiwawa ndi kuipitsa ndipo mwakutero kuwonjezera mokulira ku kululuzika kwa achichepere ndi banja. Chotero lamulo ili limagwira ntchito: Fesani chivundi, tutani chivundi. Kututa zomwe tafesa. Kulandira zotulukapo zoipa zoyenerera—ndipo zotulukapozo nzoipadi.
Kodi chitaganya chikubala mbadwo wa ana opanda chikumbumtima? Funsolo linafunsidwa pambuyo pa “kusakaza” koipitsitsa mu Central Park ya mu New York kumene mkazi wazaka 28 zakubadwa anamenyedwa ndi kugwiriridwa chigololo ndi gulu la achichepere. Apolisi akunena kuti iwo anali “okhutira ndi osaipidwa” ndipo pamene anagwidwa “anaseka ndi kukambitsirana ndi kuimba.” Iwo anapereka zifukwa izi zochitira zimenezo: “Zinali zosangalatsa,” “Tinali osungulumwa,” “Ndicho chinali chinthu chochita.” Time magazini inawatcha kukhala “anthu opanda mbali yauzimu” omwe “anataikiridwa, kapena analibe konse, mbali yauzimu imeneyo imene timaitcha chikumbumtima.”
U.S.News & World Report inasonkhezera kuti: “Dzikoli liyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuwopera kukhala ndi mbadwo wina wa ana opanda chikumbumtima.” Dr. Ken Magid, katswiri wotchuka wa zamaganizo, ndi Carole McKelvey akugogomezera ngozi imeneyo m’bukhu lawo lotchuka lakuti High Risk: Children Without a Conscience. Mbiri ya odwala ndi umboni wochokera kwa akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi adokotala a matenda amisala zikupereka chichirikizo champhamvu ku chigomeko cha Magid chakuti: Chifukwa chenicheni ndicho kulephera kwa kugwirizana pakati pa kholo ndi mwana pamene mwanayo wabadwa ndi zaka zakukula zotsatirapo.
Ndithudi, mabanja ayenera kugwirizana m’zaka zakukula zimenezo kusanakhale kuchedwa kwenikweni!