Lingaliro la Baibulo
Kodi “Chipangano Chatsopano” Chimatsutsa Ayuda?
MLALIKI wina wa ku Amereka panthaŵi ina anati: “Magulu ambiri a matchalitchi achimwa kwambiri m’mbiri ndipo ayenera kudzadziyankhira pa Chiweruzo, makamaka chifukwa cha mchitidwe wa kutsutsa anthu Achiyuda.”
Kodi nchifukwa ninji kutsutsa Ayuda kwakhala ndi mbiri ya nyengo yaitali ndi yoipa chotero, kufikira ngakhale m’zaka za zana la 20? Ena amaika mlandu wake pa Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu, otchedwa kuti Chipangano Chatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, Krister Stendahl, mkulu wa Harvard Divinity School, anati: “Kunena kuti . . . mawu a m’Chipangano Chatsopano agwira ntchito monga chilango ‘cha Mulungu’ chosonyeza kuda Ayuda ndiko kodziŵika bwino ndi kofala.” Komabe ngakhale kuti zimenezi zingavomerezedwe mofala, kodi izo nzowona?
Kodi Ndani Amene Anaimbidwa Mlandu wa Kupha Yesu?
Kaŵirikaŵiri chigawo cha mawu otchulidwa kukhala umboni wa kutsutsa Ayuda kwa “Chipangano Chatsopano” ndicho Mateyu 27:15-25. Pamenepo timauzidwa kuti khamu la Ayuda linapempha kuti kazembe wa Roma Pontiyo Pilato apachike Yesu, nafuuladi kuti: “Mwazi wake uli pa ife ndi pa ana athu.” Kodi pamenepo “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimaphunzitsa kuti Ayuda onse a m’zaka za zana loyamba anali ndi liŵongo la kupha Yesu ndi kuti Ayuda ayenera kudziŵika kosatha kukhala akupha Kristu?
Choyamba, kodi ndimotani mmene Ayuda ochuluka anachitira ndi utumiki wa Yesu? “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimavumbula kuti Yesu anali wokondedwa kwambiri ndi makamu a Ayuda, makamaka ku Galileya, kumene anachita utumiki wake wochuluka. (Yohane 7:31; 8:30; 10:42; 11:45) Patatsala masiku asanu okha kuti agwidwe ndi kuphedwa, khamu la Ayuda linamlandira mu Yerusalemu monga Mesiya.—Mateyu 21:6-11.
Pamenepa, kodi ndani anafuna kuti Yesu aphedwe? “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimanena kuti Yesu anali wodedwa ndi akulu ansembe ndi Afarisi ndi Asaduki ambiri chifukwa chakuti anavumbula chinyengo chawo. (Mateyu 21:33-46; 23:1-36)a Mkulu wa Ansembe wotchedwa kuti Kayafa anali mmodzi wa anthu otsutsa Yesu kwambiri. Mposakayikitsa kuti iye anatero chifukwa anatayikiridwa ndi chuma pamene Yesu anathamangitsa anthu osinthitsa ndalama m’kachisi. (Marko 11:15:18) Ndiponso, Kayafa anali ndi mantha akuti kukondedwa kwa Yesu ndi makamu a Ayuda potsirizira pake kukachititsa Aroma kulanda dziko lake ndi kutayikiridwa ndi ulamuliro wake. (Yohane 11:45-53) Motero, akulu ansembe ndi atsogoleri ena achipembedzo anachitira Yesu chiwembu namupereka kubwalo lamilandu la Aroma kuti aphedwe. (Mateyu 27:1, 2; Marko 15:1; Luka 22:66–23:1) Kungakhale kodabwitsa chotani nanga kuti kukondedwa kwa Yesu ndi makamu a Ayuda ndiko kunachititsa imfa yake!
Polingalira za kukondedwa kwa Yesu kumeneku, kodi ndimotani mmene khamu Lachiyuda likanafuulira kuti aphedwe? Popeza kuti ambiri a ochilikiza a Yesu anali Agalileya, nkotheka kuti khamu limene linafuna kuti aphedwe kwakukulu linali anthu a ku Yudeya. Agalileya anali anthu okonda anzawo, odzichepetsa, ndi owona mtima mwachibadwa, pamene kuli kwakuti anthu a ku Yudeya anali odzitukumula, achuma, ndi ophunzira kwambiri, makamaka a ku Yerusalemu. Mwachionekere, Mateyu amavumbula kuti khamulo linasonkhezeredwa ndi “ansembe aakulu.” (Mateyu 27:20) Kodi ananamizanji khamulo kotero kuti alisonkhezere mwanjira imeneyi? Kodi linali bodza limene anapereka poyamba pamlandu wa Yesu ndi limene linabwerezedwa kutchulidwa pamene Yesu anali kuphedwa, lija lakuti, Yesu ananena kuti akapasula kachisi?—Marko 14:57, 58; 15:29.b
Thayo la Chitaganya
Ngati khamu limeneli Lachiyuda silinali mtundu wonse wa Ayuda, nangano nchifukwa ninji mtumwi Petro, polankhula ndi khamu lalikulu la Ayuda amene anasonkhana pafupifupi masiku 50 pambuyo pake mu Yerusalemu kudzachita Phwando la Masabata, ananena kuti: “Inu mwampachika [Yesu] ndi kumupha ndi manja a anthu osayeruzika”? (Machitidwe 2:22, 23) Ndithudi Petro anadziŵa kuti ochuluka a iwo analibe mlandu ndi zochitika zimene zinachititsa kuphedwa kwa Yesu. Chotero, kodi Petro anatanthauzanji?
Malinga nkunena kwa Malemba, imfa ya mbanda yosatetezeredwa inaika liŵongo osati pa wambandayo chabe komanso pachitaganya cha anthu chimene chinalephera kulanga munthuyo. (Deuteronomo 21:1-9) Mwachitsanzo, fuko lonse la Benjamini panthaŵi ina linaimbidwa mlandu wa kukhetsa mwazi chifukwa cha kulephera kulanga kagulu ka ambanda kamene kanali pakati pawo. Ngakhale kuti unyinji wawo wa fukolo sunaloŵetsedwe mwachindunji mumbandayo, mwa kulekerera upandu umenewu, anali kulolera mkhalidwewo ndipo motero anapatsidwa mbali ya liŵongolo. (Oweruza 20:8-48) Ndithudi, kwanenedwa kuti “kutonthola ndikuvomereza.”
Mofananamo, mtundu Wachiyuda wa m’zaka za zana loyamba unagwirizana ndi zochitika za upandu wa atsogoleri awo a liŵongo la mwaziwo. Mwa kulekerera machitidwe ambanda a ansembe aakulu ndi Afarisi, mtundu wonsewo unapatsidwa thayo. Mposakayikitsa kunena kuti ndicho chifukwa chake Petro anauza omvetsera ake Achiyudawo kuti alape.c
Kodi nchiyani chimene chili chotulukapo cha kukana Yesu monga Mesiya kotero? Yesu ananena za mzinda wa Yerusalemu kuti: “Nyumba yanu [kachisiyo] yasiyidwa kwa inu yabwinja.” (Mateyu 23:37, 38) Inde, Mulungu anachotsa chitetezo chake, ndipo potsirizira pake magulu ankhondo a Roma anawononga Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wake. Monga momwedi banja la munthu lingavutikire ndi zotulukapo zake ngati mwamunayo awononga chuma chake chonse, kutayika kwa chitetezo cha Mulungu kunavutitsa osati kokha anthu amene anafuula kuti Yesu aphedwe komanso ndi mabanja awo. M’lingaliro limeneli mwazi wa Yesu unadza pamutu pawo ndi pa ana awo.—Mateyu 27:25.
Komabe, mu “Chipangano Chatsopano” mulibe mawu amene amanena kuti mbadwo wamtsogolo wa Ayuda udzakhala ndi liŵongo lapadera chifukwa cha imfa ya Yesu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, chifukwa cha kukonda kholo lawo Abrahamu, Mulungu analingalira Ayuda mwapadera, akumawapatsa mwaŵi woyamba wa kukhala Akristu. (Machitidwe 3:25, 26; 13:46; Aroma 1:16; 11:28) Potsirizira pake, pamene mwaŵi umenewu unaperekedwa kwa anthu osakhala Ayuda, Mulungu analeka kuchita zinthu ndi munthu mmodzi pamaziko a mtundu wake. Petro anati: “Zowona ndizindikira kuti Mulungu alibe tsankhu; koma m’mitundu yonse, wakumuopa iye ndi wakuchita chilungamo alandiridwa naye.” (Machitidwe 10:34, 35) Pambuyo pake mtumwi Paulo analemba kuti: “Kulibe kusiyana Myuda ndi Mhelene.” (Aroma 10:12) Chotero, Ayuda anali mumkhalidwe wofananawo ndi anthu osakhala Ayuda pamaso pa Mulungu, ndipo zimenezo zidakali momwemo lerolino.—Yerekezerani ndi Ezekieli 18:20.
Kodi Nchifukwa Ninji Dziko Lachikristu Limatsutsa Ayuda?
Motero tikhoza kuona kuti “Chipangano Chatsopano” sichimatsutsa Ayuda. Mmalomwake, “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimasimba za ziphunzitso za munthu amene anakhalako ndi kufa monga Myuda ndi amene anaphunzitsa otsatira ake Achiyuda kulemekeza malingaliro a Chilamulo cha Mose. (Mateyu 5:17-19) Koma ngati “Chipangano Chatsopano” chiti chisaimbidwe mlandu, kodi nanga nchifukwa ninji Dziko Lachikristu limapitirizabe kutsutsa Ayuda?
Chikristu chenichenicho sitingachiimbe mlandu. Mofanana ndi Akristu onyenga a munthaŵi ya Yuda amene ‘anasandutsa chisomo cha Mulungu wathu chikhale chilakolako chonyansa,’ odzinenera kukhala Akristu m’mbiri yonse avwivwinizira dzina la Kristu m’matope a kuuma khosi ndi kukondera. (Yuda 4) Motero, kutsutsa Ayuda m’Dziko Lachikristu kwakhalapo chifukwa cha kukondera kwa dyera kwa anthu amene akhala Akristu m’dzina lokha.
Mokondweretsa, Yesu mwiniyo ananeneratu kuti ena akanena kuti anachita ntchito zamphamvu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana m’dzina lake koma nakhaladi “akuchita kusayeruzika”—anthu amene sali mabwenzi ake! (Mateyu 7:21-23) Ambiri a ameneŵa ayesa kugwiritsira ntchito “Chipangano Chatsopano” kukhala cholungamitsira udani wawo ndi kukondera, koma anthu olingalira akhoza kuona chinyengocho.
Akristu onyenga adzafunikira kudziyankhira kwa Mulungu mlandu wa kutsutsa kwawo Ayuda. Koma monga momwe kukhalapo kwa ndalama yonyenga sikumatanthauza kusakhalapo kwa ndalama yeniyeni, kukhalapo kwa anthu oyerekeza kukhala Akristu sikumachotsa chenicheni chakuti palidi Akristu owona, anthu amene amadziŵidwa chifukwa cha chikondi chawo, osati kukondera kwawo. Bwanji osazoloŵerana ndi anthu otero pa Nyumba Yaufumu ya Mboni za Yehova imene ili pafupi nanu?
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Wolemba mbiri wa m’zaka za zana loyamba Wachiyuda Joseph ben Matthias (Flavius Josephus) amasimba kuti podzafika nyengo imeneyi, akulu a ansembe a Aisrayeli anali kusankhidwa ndi kuchotsedwa ndi nthumwi za Roma kaŵirikaŵiri kamodzi pachaka. Mumkhalidwe umenewu, malo a mkulu wa ansembe anayamba kukhala ntchito wamba yolipidwa ndalama imene inakopa anthu oipa m’chitaganyacho. The Babylonian Talmud imasanja makhalidwe oipa a ena a akulu a ansembe ameneŵa. (Pesaḥim 57a) Nayonso Talmud imasimba za chikhoterero cha Afarisi pakukonda kwawo chinyengo. (Soṭah 22b)
b Yesu ananenadi kwa otsutsana naye kuti: “Pasulani kachisi uyu, ndipo masiku atatu ndidzamuutsa.” (Yohane 2:19-22) Koma monga momwe Yohane akusonyezera, Yesu sanali kunena za kachisi wa mu Yerusalemu, koma za “kachisi wa thupi lake.” Motero Yesu anali kuyerekezera imfa yake yoyembekezeredwayo ndi chiukiriro, ndi kupasulidwa ndi kumangidwanso kwa nyumbayo.—Yerekezerani ndi Mateyu 16:21.
c Thayo lofanana nalo laonedwa munthaŵi yathu inonso. Sinzika zonse za German wa Nazi zimene zinaphatizikidwa mwachindunji m’kuchita nkhanza. Komabe, nzika za German zinadziŵa za thayo la chitaganya komabe modzifunira zinasankha kulekerera mikholeyo pachizunzo cha Nazi.
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 13]
Kutsutsa Ayuda m’Dziko Lachikristu kumachitidwa ndi anthu amene ali Akristu m’dzina lokha
[Chithunzi patsamba 11]
Yesu ngakhale ophunzira ake sanachilikize kutsutsa Ayuda