Kukhuphuka ndi Kugwa kwa Dongosolo Lamalonda
Gawo 5: Malonda Aakulu Aning’itsa Msampha Wake
NKHONDO Yadziko ya I inali isanatheretu pamene mkhalidwe woopsa wa chuma cha Yuropu unasonyezeratu mavuto owonjezereka. Chakumapeto kwa chaka, mu October 1929, tsoka linakantha. Msika wa zikole zamalonda wa ku New York unagwa kwambiri. Anthu anathedwa nzeru. Monga zotulukapo, mabanki mazana ambiri anagwa. Anthu zikwizikwi anataya mamiliyoni amadola, ena anadzipha mwakulumpha kuchokera panyumba zazitali.
Kugwa Kwamalonda Kwakukuluko kunaponya dziko lonse m’vuto lachuma ndi m’chipolowe cha ndale zadziko chimene chinatsatirapo, mwakusonkhezera mikhalidwe imene inabutsa Nkhondo Yadziko ya II. Profesa wa mbiri yakale René Albrecht-Carrié analongosola nyengo ya ma 1930 kukhala “yodzala ndi mavuto, ochititsidwa ndi tsoka la kugwa kwa chuma.”
Chotero, zisanakwane zaka 20 pambuyo pa 1914, zinawonekeratu kuti madongosolo a zachuma adziko sanali okhoza kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa zaka za zana latsopano. Ichi nchofunika kwambiri, popeza kuti malinga ndi kuŵerengera zaka kwa Baibulo ndi ulosi waumulungu, nyengo imene Mulungu analola munthu kulamulira mosadodometsedwa inatha mu 1914. M’chaka chachikulu chimenecho, Mulungu anakhazikitsa Ufumu wakumwamba umene kukhalapo kwake kosawoneka kukazindikiridwa ndi zochitika zowoneka. Ena a maumboni ameneŵa anatchulidwa mu Mateyu mutu 24, Luka mutu 21, ndi Chivumbulutso mutu 6, mitu imene tikukulimbikitani kuiŵerenga.
Umboni wina waukulu wakukhazikitsidwa kwa Ufumuwo ngwakuti nzika zadziko lapansi zikuliwononga mosalekeza. (Chivumbulutso 11:18) Pokhala oyang’anizana ndi kuipitsa kwa dziko lonse, kuwonongedwa kwa mpweya wa ozoni wofunga thambo la dziko lapansi, ndi chiwopsezo cha kuwonongedwa kwa dziko ndi zokhalapo kochititsidwa ndi kutentha kwa dziko kopambanitsa, tiri nacho chifukwa chokhutiritsa chotsimikizira kuti ulosiwu tsopano ukukwaniritsidwa.
Malonda Aakulu—Kodi Ndiwo Woipitsa Wamkulu?
Kusintha kwa maindasitale kunayambitsa kupita patsogolo kwachilendo—kupita patsogolo kumene kumapangitsa kugaŵira anthu zosoŵa zawo kukhala kokhweka, kofulumira, ndi kosataitsa ndalama zambiri koma, kumene kumachititsanso mvula ya asidi, kutaika kwa makemikolo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango zamvula; kupita patsogolo kumene kumatheketsa ochezera maiko kuulukira kumbali zina za dziko lapansi ndi ndege ndi kukaipitsa magombe amene anali audongo ndi kuwononga malo abwino achilengedwe; kupita patsogolo kumene mwakuipitsa mpweya, chakudya, ndi madzi kumapereka chiwopsezo cha imfa zamwamsanga.
Kuwonjezera pakupanga njira zopita patsogolo zimene zawonongetsa dziko lapansi, malonda aakulu aperekanso njira zosonkhezera. Magazini a Time ananena kuti, “kususukira mapindu kosalingalira kwa amalonda kwakhala chochititsa kuipitsa chachikulu kwa nthaŵi yaitali.” Katswiri wa chuma cha nkhalango wa UN anagwidwa mawu akumati “kulikha [nkhalango zamvula] kopanda lamulo kumachititsidwa ndi umbombo.”
Madongosolo osakhala achikapitolizimu ngaliŵongo mofananamo. Mu 1987, mtola nkhani Richard Hornik analemba kuti “kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu a kulamulira kwa Chikomyunizimu, Peking analumbira kuti sikunali kotheka kuti maprogramu akumanga achisosholizimu angawononge malo adziko.” Koma tsopano nthaŵi yafika yakuyang’anizana ndi zenizeni, ndipo ngakhale Tchaina anayang’anizana ndi “kusakaza kochititsidwa ndi kupita patsogolo m’zachuma.”
Mtola nkhani wina anatcha kusakaza kwa kuipitsa m’zaka 40 kwa Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu kukhala “chinsinsi chonyansa kwenikweni cha chikomyunizimu.” Nditsopano pamene ukulu wakuwonongekako wawonekera, kupangitsa mzinda wa Bitterfeld, pamtunda wa makilomita 50 kumpoto kwa Leipzig, kuwoneka kukhala mzinda woipitsitsa koposa pakati pa malo oipitsidwa koposa padziko.
Zotulukapo za Mpikisano Wankhalwe
Malonda aakulu ali ndi chisonkhezero champhamvu pa ife monga momwe chipembedzo ndi ndale zadziko zimasonkhezerera zochita zathu. Kwenikweni, chitsenderezo chimene amalonda achiika pa mtundu wa anthu mwinamwake chingawonedwe bwino koposa mwakuwona mmene malonda aumbira maumunthu a anthu.
Maziko enieni amene amangidwapo dongosolo lamalonda lachikapitolizimu, mzimu wa mpikisano wankhalwe, amapezeka kulikonse—kusukulu, pantchito, m’malo a zosangulutsa ndi amaseŵera, ndipo nthaŵi zina ngakhale m’mabanja. Kuchokera paubwana wawo, achichepere amaphunzitsidwa kukhala ndi mzimu wopikisana, kukhala woposa onse, kukhala ngwazi. Kukhupuka m’zachuma kumawonedwa kukhala kofunika koposa zonse, ndipo pamakhala ziletso zochepa zakuchitira zimenezo. Pofuna kupita patsogolo, amuna ndi akazi amalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi zikhumbo zazikulu, ngakhale kukhala ankhalwe ngati kuli kofunika.
Anthu amalonda amaphunzitsidwa kukhala aubwenzi ndi aulemu. Koma kodi makhalidwe ameneŵa amasonyeza umunthu wawo weniweni, kapena kodi nthaŵi zina amangosonyeza chiphamaso pamene akuchita ntchito zawo? Mu 1911, Edgar Watson Howe, mtola nkhani wa ku Amereka, anapereka uphungu uwu: “Pamene munthu ayesa kukugulitsa chinthu, usalingalire kuti nthaŵi zonse ngwodzichepetsa monga momwe akuwonekeramo.”
Mpikisano umakulitsa malingaliro akaduka, nsanje, ndi umbombo. Anthu amene amapambana angayambe kudziwona kukhala apamwamba, namakhala odzigangira ndi odzikuza. Kumbali ina, aja amene amalephera nthaŵi zonse angamavutike ndi malingaliro akudziwona kukhala opanda pake, amene amachitisa kupsinjika. Poyang’anizana ndi zitsenderezo zampikisano zimene satha kuchita nazo, iwo angasankhe kugonja, mzimu umene umasonyeza chifukwa chimene achichepere owonjezereka amadziphera m’maiko ena.
Mwakulephera kupereka kwa aliyense zofunika za moyo molinganiza, madongosolo azachuma akhoza kuumitsa mitima ya anthu kukhala osayamika, adyera, ndi opanda chifundo kapena oipidwa, odzimverera chisoni, ndi onyenga ena. Ndipo mwakuwona ndalama ndi chuma kukhala mulungu, malonda akhoza kulanda anthu mosavuta mzimu wawo wakupembedza.
Mphamvu ya Chinyengo cha Ndalama
Pamene ndalama zinangoyamba m’chitaganya cha anthu, zinayamba kusonkhezera chitaganya chonse cha anthu niziyambukira maunansi a anthu. Kachitidwe koika malipiro kanaika mtengo wa ndalama pa katundu ndi ntchito. Posapita nthaŵi chirichonse chinadzaŵerengeredwa mwa ndalama, nizikhala muyezo woyerekezapo kufunika kwa chinthu chirichonse. Komabe, zimenezi zinaphimba chowonadi cha nyimbo inayake chakuti “zinthu zabwino koposa m’moyo ndi zija zaulere.”
Ngakhale anthu anafikira pakuyesedwa mwa ndalama, kuweruzidwa malinga ndi ndalama kapena chuma chimene uli nacho. Mtola nkhani Max Lerner anawona zimenezi mu 1949, pamene analemba kuti: “M’mwambo wathu timatenga kukhala ngwazi anthu achuma chambiri, ndipo timapereka chisamaliro chachikulu ku zonena zawo ndi nzeru zawo pafunso lirilonse.” Posachedwapa mtola nkhani anasonyeza chikaikiro chake m’lingaliro lamphamvu la prezidenti wa ku United States lakuti chuma ndicho muyeso wa munthu. Mtola nkhaniyo anakuwona kukhala “kukonda zinthu zakuthupi kopambanitsa kumene kwasonyaza zaka za ma 1980 kukhala ‘Zaka khumi za mzimu wofuna kupeza chuma,’ nthaŵi imene munthu adzaweruzidwa malinga ndi chuma chimene ali nacho.”
Kusumika maganizo pandalama ndi zinthu zimene ingagule kumachepetsa kufunika kwa maunansi a anthu. Mnyamata wa ku Bangladesh, pamene anasamukira ku Yuropu wachikapitolizimu, analidi ndi mfundo yomveka pamene anati: “Anthu kunoko amasamalira zinthu; ife kwathu timasamalira kwambiri anthu.”
Mzimu wokondetsa ndalama umatsitsanso ntchito, kuipangitsa kungokhala njira yopezera cholinga, imakhala chothodwetsa osatinso chosangalatsa. Munthu amagwira ntchito, osati kaamba ka chisangalalo chakuikwaniritsa kapena chisangalalo chakuchitira ena zinthu zimene akuzifunikira, koma kungofuna kupeza ndalama basi. Mzimu umenewu umasoŵetsa munthu chisangalalo chifukwa chakuti ‘kupatsa kutidalitsa koposa kulandira.’—Machitidwe 20:35.
Kodi Mufuna Kuti Malonda Aakulu Akuumbeni?
Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi zopangapanga kotheketsedwa ndi kutumbidwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malamulo achilengedwe oikidwa ndi Mulungu kaŵirikaŵiri kwakhala kopindulitsa munthu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Mboni za Yehova zimayamikira koposa kaamba ka kupita patsogolo kwa njira zatsopano zosindikizira, zoyendera, zamtengatenga ndi zolankhulana zimene zimawalola kuchita ntchito yawo yolalikira mwanjira imene sizikanatheka ngati sikadakhalapo.—Mateyu 24:14.
Chikhalirechobe, palibe amene angakane kuti njira za kupita patsogolo zimenezi zochitira zinthu zabwino zaipitsidwa ndi anthu amene alola maumunthu awo kuumbidwa ndi chipembedzo chonyenga, ndale zadziko zoipa, ndi madongosolo achuma osawona mtima.
Kodi mungakonde kuti mphamvu yanu yakuchita zabwino iluluzidwe ndi umunthu woipa—kuipitsidwa umunthu wanu? Kodi mudzalola malonda aumbombo kukusankhirani mikhalidwe yozikidwa kotheratu pandalama? kuwalola kukulitsa chikondi cha pandalama ndi chuma m’moyo wanu kuposa maunansi anu ndi anthu anzanu? kuwalola kukulandani mzimu wanu wakupembedza?
Pokhala kuti malonda akuning’itsa msampha wake pa mtundu wa anthu chiyambire 1914, kodi pali njira iriyonse yowaletsera kuumba maumunthu athu? Inde, iripo! Pamene nkhani yathu yomalizira mumpambowu ikutisonyeza njira imeneyo, idzalongosolanso mmene tingakhalire ndi moyo ndi kudzawona tsiku pamene tidzadzuma ndi mawu ampumulo akuti: “Nkhaŵa za Ndalama—Tsopano Zatha!”
[Bokosi patsamba 23]
Malonda Aakulu Amathandiza Kuzindikira “Masiku Otsiriza”
Mwakuumba maumunthu, malonda aakulu amathandiza kupereka umboni wa “masiku otsiriza” opezeka pa 2 Timoteo 3:1-4: Koma zindikira ichi, kuti masiku otsiriza zidzafika nthaŵi zoŵaŵitsa [kuphatikizapo mavuto a nkhaŵa zachuma]. Pakuti anthu adzakhala . . .
Odzikonda okha: Okondetsa zinthu zakuthupi ngadyera, mzimu wolimbikitsidwa ndi kutsatsa malonda, umene umati: ‘Umafunikira zabwino koposa. Dzipezere zabwino. Samalira zako choyamba’
Okonda ndalama: Katswiri wanthabwala wa ku Amereka Mark Twain ananenapo kuti: “Anthu ena amalambira malo apamwamba, ena amalambira ngwazi, ena amalambira mphamvu, ena amalambira Mulungu, . . . koma onse amalambira ndalama”
Odzitamandira, odzikuza: Wandale zadziko wa ku Jeremani anati ponena za makampani ozengereza amene apemphedwa kuleka kuipitsa dziko ndi makemikolo otaidwa: “Ndimaipidwa ndi mzimu wawo umene umawasonkhezera kutero. Ndiwo kudzitama kaamba ka mphamvu zawo”
Osayamika, osayera mtima: Wolemba mabuku m’Chingelezi Thomas Fuller anati: “Chuma chimakulitsa chilakolako osati kuchikhutiritsa” ndipo, “Amalonda nthaŵi zonse amapereka zivomerezo zachinyengo”
Opanda chikondi chachibadwidwe: Makampani amene pofuna kupeza phindu amagulitsa ku maiko osatukuka zinthu zimene kwina zimaletsedwa ndi lamulo kapena amene amamanga mafakitale otulutsa zinthu zochititsa matenda m’maiko opanda njira zodzitetezera zokwanira amasonyeza kusasamala miyoyo ya ena
Osayanjanitsika, akudyerekeza: Katswiri wa zachuma Adam Smith ananena kuti “malonda, amene mwachibadwa ayenera kupangitsa chigwirizano ndi ubwenzi pakati pa anthu ndi pakati pa mitundu, akhala njira yaikulu yodzetsa magaŵano ndi chidani”
Osakhoza kudziletsa, aukali: Kugula zinthu zochulukitsitsa mwakulipira pang’onopang’ono, kugula kwasontho pamakhadi a ngongole, ndi mzimu wa “kugula tsopano, ndi kulipira pambuyo pake,” wochirikizidwa ndi amalonda kuti apeze phindu, kumasonyeza kusadziletsa; njira zina zamalonda zimaloŵera pazifooko za anthu ndi kupeza mapindu pamankhwala oledzeretsa, chisembwere chakugonana, ndi kutchova juga
Osakonda abwino, achiŵembu: Nyuzipepala ya The German Tribune inati: “Ponena za kusakaza kwakukulu kumene kuipitsa dziko kumakuchititsa, miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino imanyalanyazidwa.” Anthu opanda miyezo yamakhalidwe abwino amakupeza kukhala kosavuta kuika ena pachiswe kotero kuti apeze phindu
Aliuma olimbirira: Magulu amphamvu, monga ochirikiza kupangidwa kwa mfuti ndi fodya, amaumirira kuwonongera zambiri pakuyesa kupereka malamulo andale okulitsira malondawo, ngakhale kuti zinthu zamalonda awozo zimaika thanzi ndi chisungiko cha anthu paupandu
Otukumuka mtima: Chuma sichinthu chonyadira, mosasamala kanthu ndi zonena za okondetsa zinthu zakuthupi. Wolemba nkhani zopeka Wachigiriki Aesop anati: “Kudziwonetsera kwakunja kumaipitsa ubwino wamkati”
Okonda zokondweretsa munthu, osati okonda Mulungu: Zosangulutsa za m’malonda zimachirikiza kusanguluka, osati mzimu wakupembedza ndipo zabala mbadwo womwerekera m’kufunafuna zosangulutsa
[Chithunzi patsamba 22]
Malonda athandizira kupangitsa Yuropu kukhala mwinamwake kontinenti yoipitsidwa koposa padziko