Sitiroko—Chinoiparira
“UROPI ndiwo mutezo usingatani kukuvadzwa zvikurusa womuviri,” anodaro Dr. Vladimir Hachinski nyanzvi yokushanda kwetsinga, yepaUniversity of Western Ontario muLondon, Canada. Pazvikamu 2 muzana bedzi zveuremu hwose hwomuviri, uropi hune tsinga dzinopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi, dzinoramba dzichibatira pamwe kuti dzibudise mufungo wedu uri wose, kufamba, uye kunzwa kupfurikidza nokubata. Huchitsamira paoxygen neglucose nokuda kwesimba, uropi hunogamuchira chitsama chinoramba chichiuya nomutsinga dzakawanda.
Zvisinei, apo chikamu chiduku chipi nechipi cheuropi chinoshayiswa oxygen kunyange kwemasekondi mashomanene, kushanda kwetsinga dzisingatani kukuvadzwa kunokanganiswa. Kana izvi zvikapfuurira kweanopfuura maminiti mashomanene, zvinoguma nokukuvadzwa kweuropi, masero europi sezvaanovamba kufa pamwe nemabasa ayo anodzora. Mamiriro aya ezvinhu anonzi ischemia, kushayikwa kweoxygen kunoparirwa zvikurukuru nokuvhara kwetsinga. Kumwe kukuvara kunoitika pamasero europi sezvo kushayikwa kweoxygen kunotangisa nhevedzano yekusangana kwemakemikaro kunouraya. Mugumisiro wacho isitiroko. Sitiroko inoitikawo apo tsinga dzeropa dzinoputika, dzichizadza uropi neropa, rinovhara nzira dzepanobatana napo tsinga. Izvi zvinovhiringidza kufamba kwemakemikaro nemagetsi kuenda kutsandanyama uye zvinoparira kukuvara kwetsinga dzouropi.
Migumisiro Yayo
Sitiroko iri yose yakasiyana, uye sitiroko inogona kutapura vanhu nenzira dzinenge dzisingaverengeki. Kunyange zvazvo pasina munhu anotambura nemugumisiro uri wose unobvira wesitiroko, migumisiro yacho ingabva pakuva yakapfava neinoda kuva isingacherechedzeki kusvika kune yakakomba neinorwadza zviri pachena. Nharaunda yeuropi umo sitiroko inoitika inoparira kuti mabasa api omuviri anokanganiswa.
Dambudziko rinozivikanwa zvikuru kupera simba kana kuti kuoma kwemaoko nemakumbo. Kazhinji kazhinji, ikoku kwakaganhurirwa kurutivi rumwe rwemuviri, rutivi ruri kune rumwe rutivi rwouropi runoitika sitiroko. Nokudaro, kukuvara kweuropi kurudyi kunoguma nokuoma kweruboshwe, uye kukuvara kweuropi kuruboshwe, kunoguma nokuoma kurudyi. Vamwe vanhu vangaramba vachishandisa maoko avo nemakumbo, kuzongowana bedzi kuti tsandanyama dzavo dzinobvunda zvokuti maoko kana kuti makumbo avo anoenda rimwe nerimwe kwaro. Munhu akakuvara anoita semunhu mutsva anotserendendeka muaizi ari kuedza kutsiga. Dr. David Levine, wepaNew York University Medical Center, anoti: “Havachanzwi zvinovazivisa kuti makumbo kana kuti maoko avo ari kufamba kana kuti paanenge ari mumhepo.”
Vanopukunyuka vanopfuura 15 muzana vanopota vachinzwa marwadzo akamwe kamwe, zvichiguma nenhambo dzokugwinha uye, kazhinji kazhinji, munhambo dzokusaziva. Uyewo, kunzwa kurwadziwa nokuchinja kwokunzwa kupfurikidza nokubata zvinowanzoitika. Mumwe akapukunyuka sitiroko anogara achinzwa maoko ake netsoka zvichiita chiveve anoti: “Pane usiku apo chimwe chinhu chinobata makumbo angu uye ndinomuka nemhaka yokuti zvinoratidzika sokunge kuti ndiri kugwinhwa nemagetsi.”
Mugumisiro wesitiroko ungabatanidza kuona zvinhu zviviri zviviri uye zvinetso zvokumedza. Kana nzvimbo dzinonzwa dzetsinga dzomukanwa nepahuro dzakuvadzwa, kumwe kuzvidzwa kunogona kutamburwa nevane sitiroko, kwakadai sokusiririka rute. Ipi neipi yepfungwa shanu inogona kutapurwa, zvichivhiringidza kuona, kunzwa, kunhuwidza, kuravidza, uye kubata.
Zvinetso Zvekurukurirano
Zvifungidzire uchiteverwa mumugwagwa usina kunyatsovhenekwa nevausingazivi vaviri vahombe. Paunocheuka, unovaona vachimhanya vachiuya kwauri. Unoedza kuridza mhere kuti ubetserwe, asi inzwi haribudi! Unogona here kufungidzira kukangaidzika kukuru kwaunganzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro? Ndizvo izvo vanhu vane sitiroko vanonzwa apo kamwe kamwe vanotanga kusakwanisa kutaura.
Kusakwanisa kukurukura zvaunofunga, zvaunonzwa, tariro, uye zvaunotya—nenzira yokufananidzira kuparadzaniswa neshamwari nemhuri—ndiwo mumwe wemigumisiro inoparadza zvikurusa yesitiroko. Mumwe akapukunyuka sitiroko akakurondedzera neiyi nzira: “Nguva iri yose yandaiedza kutaura hapana inzwi raibuda. Ndakamanikidzwa kuramba ndakanyarara uye ndaisagona kunzwisisa mirayiro yaitaurwa kana kuti yakanyorwa. Mashoko aiita . . . sokunge kuti vanhu vakandipoteredza vaitaura mutauro wokumwe. Ndakanga ndisingagoni kunzwisisa kana kuti kushandisa mutauro.”
Charles, zvisinei, ainzwisisa zvose zvaaitaurirwa. Asi pamusoro pokupindura, anonyora kuti: “Ndaironga mashoko andaida kutaura, asi aibuda asina kurongeka uye asingadudzwi zvakanaka. Panguva iyoyo ndakanzwa sokuti ndakanga ndakapfigirwa mukati mangu pachangu.” Mubhuku rake rinonzi Stroke: An Owner’s Manual, Arthur Josephs anotsanangura kuti: “Tsandanyama dzinopfuura zana dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodzorwa ndokubatanidzwa mukati mekutaura uye imwe neimwe yetsandanyama idzodzo inodzorwa neavhareji yetsinga dzinopfuura zana. . . . Zviitiko zvinoshamisa 140 000 zvetsinga zvinodikanwa nokuda kwesekondi rimwe nerimwe rokutaura. Zvinoshamisa here kuti kukuvara kwechikamu cheuropi chinodzora tsandanyama idzi kungaguma nokutaura kwakavhiringidzika?”
Miitiro inovhiringidza mizhinji munharaunda yokutaura inoparirwa nesitiroko. Somuenzaniso, munhu asingagoni kutaura angakwanisa kuimba. Mumwe angangokaruka ataura mashoko asi asina kuzvironga kana kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, angataura asingamiri. Vamwe vanodzokorora vadzokororazve mashoko kana kuti zvikamu zvamashoko kana kuti vanoshandisa mashoko zvisina kufanira, vachiti hongu apo vanenge vachida kuti kwete uye zvakapesana. Vamwe vanoziva mashoko avanoda kushandisa, asi uropi hahugoni kuita kuti mukanwa, miromo, uye rurimi zviataure. Kana kuti vangava nokutaura kusina kujeka nemhaka yokushaya simba kwetsandanyama. Vamwe vangadzongonyedza mashoko avo nokutaura nesimba.
Kumwe kukuvadzwa nesitiroko kungava kukanganiswa kwenharaunda yeuropi inodzora kunzwa kwemurangariro. Mugumisiro wacho unogona kuva kutaura kwakangoti tasa. Kana kuti kungava kwakaoma kunzwisisa kunzwa kwemirangariro kwevamwe. Mhinganidzo dzekurukurirano dzakadai uye dzarondedzerwa pamusoro apa dzinogona kuisa mukaha pakati pemitezo yemhuri, yakadai semurume nomudzimai. Georg anotsanangura kuti: “Nemhaka yokuti sitiroko inotapura zvitarisiko zvechiso uye majangariko, zvirokwazvo unhu hwose, kamwe kamwe hatina kukwanisa kuramba tichiwirirana sekare. Kwairatidzika kwandiri sokuti ndaive nomudzimai akasiyana chose chose, mumwe munhu wandaifanira kutanga kuziva patsva.”
Kuchinja Kwemirangariro Neunhu
Kuchinja kwemirangariro kusina kufanira, kuchema kukuru kana kuti kuseka, hasha huru, kunzwa kwokunyumwira kusina kurovedzeka, uye kusuruvara kukuru zvinongova rutivi rwevhiringidziko dzomurangariro neunhu dzinokangaidza idzo vanopukunyuka pasitiroko nemhuri dzavo vangafanira kubata nadzo.
Mumwe ane sitiroko anonzi Gilbert anorondedzera kuti: “Padzimwe nguva, ndinonyandurwa, ndichiseka kana kuti zvimwe kuchema pamusoro pechinhu chidikidiki. Pane dzimwe nguva, apo ndinoseka, mumwe munhu anobvunza, ‘Uri kusekei?’ uye handigoni chaizvoizvo kumuudza.” Izvi, pamwe chete nezvinetso zvokumira ndakadzikama nokukamhina kuduku, zvakaparira Gilbert kuti: “Ndinonzwa sokuti ndiri mune mumwe muviri, sokunge kuti ndiri mumwe munhuwo zvake, kwete munhu mumwe cheteyo wandaiva ndisati ndava nesitiroko.”
Vachirarama nendangariro uye muviri zvakakanganisika, vanhu vashomanene kana vachitoripo vanonzvenga kunzwa kunetseka mumurangariro. Hiroyuki, ane sitiroko yakamusiya asisatauri zvakanaka nokuoma mitezo zvishoma, anotsinhira kuti: “Kunyange pashure penguva yakati kuti handina kumboita nani. Ndichiziva kuti ndaisazokwanisa kupfuuridzira basa rangu sekare, ndakanzwa kupera mwoyo. Ndakavamba kushora zvinhu nevanhu uye ndakanzwa sokunge kuti ndichaputika neshungu. Handina kuita somurume.”
Kutya nokufunganya zvinowanzoitika kuvanhu vane sitiroko. Ellen anotsinhira kuti: “Ndinonzwa kusachengeteka apo ndinonzwa dzvinyiriro mumusoro wangu iyo inogona kunyevera nezvesitiroko yemunguva yemberi. Ndinotya chaizvoizvo kana ndikazvibvumira kufunga zvakaipa.” Ron anotsanangura funganyo yaanobata nayo achiti: “Kusvika pamhedziso dzakarurama kunenge kusingabviri pane dzimwe nguva. Kupedza zvinetso zviduku zviviri kana kuti zvitatu panguva imwe kunondikangaidza. Ndinokurumidza kukanganwa zvinhu zvikuru kwazvo zvokuti pane dzimwe nguva handigoni kuyeuka chisarudzo chaitwa maminiti mashomanene apfuura. Somugumisiro, ndinoita zvikanganiso zvinotyisa, uye zvinondikangaidza ini nevamwe. Ndichave ndaita sei mumakore mashomanene? Ndichave ndisisakwanisi kukurukura nokuchenjera kana kuti kutyaira motokari? Ndichave mutoro kumudzimai wangu here?”
Mitezo Yemhuri Ndivananyajambwawo
Zvinogona kuonekwa, ipapo, kuti vane sitiroko havasiri ivo bedzi vanofanira kurwisana nemigumisiro inoparadza. Mhuri dzavo dzinodarowo. Mune zvimwe zvinoitika vanofanira kubata nokukatyamadzwa kunotyisa nokuona munhu aichimbotaura zvakajeka, achipera kamwe kamwe vakatarisa, achisara aita sesvava inoda kutarisirwa. Ukama hunogona kukanganiswa sezvo mitezo yemhuri ingafanira kutanga kuita mabasa asina kurovedzeka.
Haruko anorondedzera migumisiro ine ngwavaira neiyi nzira: “Murume wangu akakanganwa zvinenge zvinhu zvose zvinokosha. Taitofanira kurega kamwe kamwe kambani yaakanga atarisira ndokurasikirwa neimba yedu nezvinhu zvedu. Zvakarwadza zvikurusa ndezvokusakwanisazve kutaura nomurume wangu ndakasununguka kana kuti kumubvunza mazano. Asingachazivi usiku kana kuti masikati, kazhinji kazhinji anobvisa mabhandeji anodzivirira anodikanwa usiku. Kunyange zvazvo taiziva kuti nguva yaizosvika paaizosiiwa apera kudai, zvichakangotiomera kugamuchira mamiriro ake chaiwoiwo. Mamiriro ezvinhu zvedu achinjwa chose chose, mukuti zvino mwanasikana wangu neni tave vachengeti vomurume wangu.”
“Kutarisira mumwe munhu ane sitiroko—pasinei zvapo nokuti unovada sei—kunogona kukukurira pane dzimwe nguva,” anodaro Elaine Fantle Shimberg muStrokes: What Families Should Know. “Dzvinyiriro nomutoro hazviperi.” Mune zvimwe zvinoitika mwero wakakwira wetarisiro unopiwa nemimwe mitezo yemhuri unogona kuva unokuvadza utano, murangariro, uye umudzimu zvemutarisiri. Maria anotsanangura kuti sitiroko yamai vake yakatapura zvikuru upenyu hwake: “Ndinovashanyira mazuva ose ndoedza kuvavaka mumudzimu, kurava nokunyengetera navo, uye ipapo rudo rwakawanda, kumbundira, uye kuvatsvoda. Apo ndinouya kumba, ndinenge ndangoti rukutu mupfungwa—mazuva akati kusvika pakurutsa.”
Chinhu chakaomera vamwe vatarisiri zvikurusa kubata nacho kuchinja kwomuitiro. Nyanzvi yezvokushanda kwezvetsinga Dr. Ronald Calvanio inoudza Mukai! kuti: “Apo unenge une hosha inotapura kushanda kwecerebral cortex—ndiko kuti, mafungire anoita munhu, mabatire aanoita noupenyu hwake, maitire ake mumurangariro—tiri kubata nemunhu wacho chaiye, naizvozvo munzira dzakati kukanganiswa kwendangariro kunoitika kunochinja chaizvoizvo upenyu hwemhuri.” Yoshiko anorondedzera kuti: “Murume wangu airatidzika seachinja chose chose pashure pokurwara kwake, achigumburwa nechinhu chidukuduku. Ndinosiririswa zvirokwazvo panguva idzodzo.”
Kazhinji kazhinji, kuchinja kwounhu kungasazivikanwa nevari kunze kwemhuri. Nokudaro, vamwe vatarisiri vanonzwa vakaparadzaniswa uye vanotakura mitoro yavo vari voga. Midori anotsanangura kuti: “Sitiroko dzakasiya murume wangu aremara mupfungwa nemirangariro. Kunyange zvazvo achida kurudziro zvikuru, haazviudzi munhu upi noupi uye anotambura ari oga. Naizvozvo zviri kwandiri kuti ndibate nemirangariro yake. Kutarira mirangariro yemurume wangu zuva rimwe nerimwe kwakandiita kuti ndisanzwa ndakagadzikana uye pane dzimwe kunyange kutya.”
Vakapukunyuka sitiroko vakawanda nemhuri dzavo vakabata sei nokuchinja kunounzwa nesitiroko muupenyu hwavo? Munzirai umo mumwe nomumwe wedu angatsigira vanotambura nemigumisiro inoremadza yesitiroko? Nyaya yedu inotevera inotsanangura.
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Zviratidzo Zvinonyevera
• Kupera simba kwekamwe kamwe, chiveve, kana kuti kuoma chiso, ruoko, kana kuti gumbo, zvikurukuru rutivi rumwe rwomuviri
• Kuona madzerere kamwe kamwe kana kuti zvisina kujeka, zvikurukuru muziso rimwe; nhambo yokuona zvinhu zviviri zviviri
• Kunetseka kutaura kana kuti kunzwisisa kunyange mitsetse yakapfava
• Dzungu kana kuti kusagona kudzikama kana kuti kunzwana kwomuviri, zvikurukuru apo zvinenge zvakabatana nechimwe chiratidzo
Zviratidzo Zvisingawanzoitika
• Kutemwa nomusoro kwekamwe kamwe, kusingatsanangurwi, uye kwakakomba—kunowanzorondedzerwa “sokutemwa nomusoro kwakaipisisa”
• Kunzwa kuda kurutsa kwakamwe kamwe nefivha—kunosiyaniswa nokurwariswa nevhairasi nemwero wokumhanya wepakutanga (maminiti kana kuti maawa panzvimbo pemazuva anoverengeka)
• Kusaziva kwechinguvana kana kuti nhambo dzokusaziva zvishoma (kufenda, kuvhiringidzika, kugwinha, koma)
Usafuratira Zviratidzo
Dr. David Levine anokurudzira kuti apo zviratidzo zvinooneka, murwere “aende nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuwadhi yechipatara inopa betsero nokukurumidzira. Pane ufakazi hwokuti kana sitiroko ikarapwa mumaawa mashomanene okutanga, kukuvadza kunogona kuderedzwa.”
Pane dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvacho zvingaoneka kwenguva pfupi zvikuru uye ipapo zvonyangarika. Nhambo idzi dzinozivikanwa seTIA, kana kuti kudenha kweischemia kunopfuura nokukurumidza. Usadzifuratira, sezvo dzingaratidzira ngozi dzakakomba dzesitiroko, uye sitiroko yakakwana ingatevera. Chiremba anogona kurapa zvinoparira ndokubetsera kuderedza ngozi yesitiroko yenguva yemberi.
Yakagadziridzwa ichibva munhungamiro inogoverwa neNational Stroke Association, Englewood, Colorado, U.S.A.