Neiko Africa Iri Kutambura Zvikuru Kwazvo?
JACOB, ane zera ramakore 42, munhu anorwara. Ane AIDS. Akatapurawo mudzimai wake neAIDS. “Mudzimai wangu anoziva kuti akaiwana kwandiri,” anobvuma kudaro Jacob.
Asika Jacob akawana sei utachiona hunouraya? Iye anotsanangura, kuti: “Ndakanga ndichigara ndoga muHarare, ndichityaira kubvira Zambia, ndichipfuura nomuZimbabwe, ndichisvika kuBotswana nokuSwaziland. Mudzimai wangu akanga achigara navana vedu muManicaland [muZimbabwe]. Uye isu vatyairi, taiita zvimwe zvinhu zvataifanira kuve takangwarira zvikuru pamusoro pazvo.”
Denda Ramadiro
Nhasi, vatano yamadiro ndiyo chiparadziro cheAIDS muAfrica. Kuchitaurwa nomutoo wakareruka, “mirau yevatano yakaputsika zvikuru,” anotsanangura kudaro munzveri weAIDS Dawn Mokhobo. Magazini inonzi African Affairs inoti “nyika dzeAfrica dziri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara dzinoisa ukoshi hwakati kuti pavana asi ukoshi huduku paroorano. Vatano kunze kweroorano, kunyange . . . kana ichiparira mimba, haisi isingatenderwi nomutoo wakasimba.” Mukuwirirana neNature, mukoto wakafanana uyo tapuro inotevera nawo unotanga nehure. Mushumo wacho unoti: “Mahure echikadzi anobatira kutanga denda muvakadzi vazhinjisa vane murume mumwe kupfurikidza nevatano navarume vamadiro.”
Handi vazhinji vanodisa kuchinja tsika yavo. Panos Document pamusoro peAIDS muAfrica inozivisa chinoitika chinotevera chomunzveri wezvokurapa muZaire: “Humwe usiku, pashure pokunge ndave ndichiita kunzverwa kweropa munharaunda yomumaruwa vamwe vanachiremba vashandi biyangu veZaire, vakaenda navamwe vavasikana vomunzvimbomo. Vakavata navo, uye mumwe wavo bedzi akashandisa kondomu.” Apo akavabvunza pamusoro pengozi, “vakaseka havo, vachitaura kuti haungaregi kufarikanya upenyu nemhaka bedzi yokuti ungabatira hosha.” Hungu, kuva nevatano nomunhu upi noupi waanoda kunorangarirwa kuva “kufarikanya upenyu”—mufaro, varaidzo.
Somune mamwe mativi enyika, pwere dzakakombamira zvikuru kumadiro. Nzvero yazvino uno yakaitwa pakati pepwere 377 muSouth Africa yakazivisa kuti dzinopfuura 75 muzana dzakanga dzapinda muvatano. Nomutoo wakafanana, mumwe mufundisi mumaodzanyemba akadziva pakati peAfrica akacherekedza kuti kune “vasikana vashomanene vane zera ramakore 15 vachigere kuva nemimba.” Anowedzera, kuti: “Unoona musikana wechiduku, asati aroorwa, uye unofunga kuti, ‘Gore rinouya panguva ino, achava nemimba.’” Zvisinei, muchinoitika cheAfrica, kune zvimwe zvisakiso zvakakuchidzira kupararira kweAIDS.
Mhuri Dzakaparadzana
“Chero bedzi zviverengero zvikuru zvavarume vari mumakore avo omumakumi maviri namakumi matatu vachimanikidzirwa kundoshanda kure navadzimai vavo nemhuri—kungava mumafekitari omutaundi, migodhi, munzvimbo dzinosimwa miti kana kuti panzendo dzokutyaira marori—kupararira kweAids kuchapfuurira kusingadzoreki,” inodaro magazini inonzi Africa South. Vatamiri kunyika yokumwe veAfrica vanotsungirira upenyu hwakaoma. Vaparadzaniswa navadzimai vavo nemhuri, vazhinji vanoparapatikira kuwana nzvimbo yokugara uye basa mumaguta. Mukuwirirana namagazini inonzi African Affairs, nhamo yokuedza kuzvitsigira amene nemhuri iri shure kumusha inoparira mutamiri kunyika yokumwe kuwana “vhiringidziko nepfungwa yokusakwana.” Magaziniyo inowedzera kuti ikoku kunowanzokurudzira mutamiri kunyika yokumwe ku“kukundikana pamitoro yake chose chose.”
Nzendo dzokutyaira marori zvikurukuru dzakasarudzwa semikoto inouraya iyo AIDS inopararira nayo. Sokutaura kwakaita mumwe mutyairi werori, “Ini ndinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kupi nokupi kwandinoenda, ndinova nomusikana wokunditarisira.” Nzvimbo chaiyoiyo inotangira AIDS ikomboni iri mumusha wamatumba muMabvazuva eAfrica umo mahure ane 600 anoita basa rawo. Vakawanda vamakasitoma awo ndivo vatyairi vamarori vanoshanyira nokuda kweravanoidza kuti zororo rokunwa tii. Mwero yetapuro yeHIV pakati paaya mahure yakayerwa painopfuura 80 muzana. Panguva ino, vatyairi vamarori vatapurwa vanoenda ku“zororo [ravo] rokunwa tii” rinotevera uye pakupedzisira vanodzokera kumisha yavo—munguvayi yose vachiparadzira tapuro inouraya yavanotakura.
Ipapo kunova nehondo yavagari vemo nekakavadzano yezvamatongerwe enyika—migariro inoparira mamirioni avapoteri. “Uko kune hondo yezvamatongerwe enyika neyavagari vemo,” inotaura kudaro nyanzvi yeAIDS Alan Whiteside, “kune kuputsika kwetsika dzenguva dzose dzomunzanga. . . . Vapoteri vanotamira munzvimbo nenzvimbo iboka ravanhu vangapfuudzira tapuro kuna vamwe vazhinji uye ivowo vane bviro yokuva nezvikomba zvakawanda zvevatano.”
Ngwavaira Yezvokurapwa
Africa iri kutambura kushaikwa kwemari haingagoni kugonana nezvinetso zvokurapwa. “Munyika zhinji dzeAfrica chitsama chemari inorongwa kushandiswa pamunhu pagore nokuda kwetarisirwo youtano ishoma kupfuura mubhadharo wokunzverwa kumwe chete kweropa nokuda kwoutachiona hweAIDS,” rinotsanangura kudaro bhurocha rinonzi Understanding & Preventing AIDS. Nomutoo wakafanana, Keith Edelston, munyori webhuku rinonzi AIDS—Countdown to Doomsday, anotsanangura kuti “kunyange sipo yokubvisa nayo utachiona pamidziyo, kana kuti mushongawo zvawo womumba wokuchenesa nawo zvinorasika, zvinenge zvisingawanzowanikwa chaizvo.”
Muitiro mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica wokushandisazve masyringe pavarwere vazhinji wakaparira Edelston kunyevera, kuti: “Munangwarira kana muchida majekiseni . . . muAfrica . . . Rairai nokuda kwamasyringe matsva nenariti zvinotorwa muzviputiriso zvabviswa utachiona apo munenge muchiona.”
Ngozi youtachiona hwetsaona iri kuparira chiverengero chikurusa chenyanzvi dzemishonga kuderera. Vanachiremba vaviri vakabatana nechipatara cheSouth Africa vakakwaranzurwa nenariti vachingunorapa varwere veAIDS. Vakatapurwa uye vakafa. Somuuyo, vanachiremba vatanhatu vokumwe vakarega basa pachipatara ichecho.
Mumigariro iyoyi, hakushamisi kuti vazhinji vari kurangarirazve muitiro wokuisira sechimwe chezviparadziro zvine utachiona zvikurusa zveAIDS—ropa! “Ropa rakashatswa rinoramba riri mutoo unokosha wokuparadzira nawo,” rinodaro South African Medical Journal, richiwedzera kuti “pakati peAfrica pachigere chose chose kuva nokunzvera uye inenge 60% yeropa romuzvipiri rakatapurwa.”
Nokudaro, yatokombwa nengwavaira dzakawanda, Africa iri kutamburazve. Uye pakati pemiuyo ine ngwavaira zvikurusa yedenda reAIDS muAfrica pane icho chakaitika kuvakadzi navana.
Vasingazivi Vanotambura
Lucy ndinyajambwa asingazivi weAIDS. Akatapurwa nomurume wake anoita madiro. Zvino, ava chirikadzi pazera ramakore 23, Lucy anoparapatika nokunzwa kwake. “Ndichiri kuedza kurangarira kana ndingada yeuko yake kana kuti kumuvenga nokuda kwokunditapura,” anodaro. Pfungwa dzaLucy ndidzimwe dzokurwadziwa kukurusa nokutambura uko AIDS inoita panavananyajambwa vayo vasingazivi.
“Kunyange zvazvo HIV munyika dzichiri kubudirira ichizotapura vakadzi navarume muzvinenge zviverengero zvakaenzana,” inodaro magazini inonzi The World Today, “simba pavakadzi rine bviro yokuva . . . rine ukasharari husina kuenzana.” Ikoku kunodaro zvikurukuru muAfrica, umo vakadzi—havabetserwi zvikuru kupfurikidza nokusafunda, urombo, uye varume vanotamira kunyika dzokumwe—vanotambura chinyararire.
Asi tapuro ine ngwavaira zvikurusa inosiiwa neAIDS iri pavana. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) inokarakadza kuti sezvo vakadzi vane mamirioni 2,9 vachifa neAIDS muAfrica mumakore ano ane gumi, vana vanosvika mamirioni ane 5,5 vachaitwa nherera. Mumwe mukuru mukuru womune imwe nyika ine dzinenge nherera dzeAIDS 40 000 anoshuma kuti “kune misha . . . yavana bedzi.”
Yakafanana nengwavairayo ndivanamai vakatapurwa vane vana vavo vakatapurwa. South African Medical Journal inotsanangura kuti “mubvunzo unowanzomutswa namai vomucheche ane ropa rinowanwa kuva rine utachiona hweHIV ndewokuti ‘ndiani achatanga kufa?’”
Hakushamisi kuti vakadzi vazhinji vanonzwa vachitapurwa neAIDS. Chiremba weZambia M. Phiri anoti: “Vakadzi vanouya pano vachibvunza kana pane chimwe chinhu chavangashandisa kuti vazvidzivirire vamene pakubatira iyi hosha . . . Pane uku kutya kwokuti nepo vangazvitarisira ivo vamene pachavo, mukwanyina wavo, murume wavo, angave asina kutendeka kudaro. Ikoku kunovanetsa.”
Naizvozvo, munhu akapinda muroorano anogona kuitei kana kukawanwa kuti mukwanyina wake ave achiita madiro? Kana nzira yekanganwiro neyeyananiswo yeroorano ichiteverwa, mukwanyina ane mhaka anofanira kubvuma kunzverwa navanachiremba nokuda kwebviro yokuchengeta HIV. (Enzanisa naMateo 19:9; 1 VaKorinte 7:1-5.) Kutozosvikira miuyo yazivikanwa, vakwanyina veroorano vakanangana nomugariro wakadaro vangasarudza kurega vatano kana kuti zvimwe kushandisa mitoo inotaviridzira kutapurwa.
Sezvo pane nhambo refu yokukudziridzika kweAIDS, vechiduku vanorangarira roorano vanofanirawo kungwarira vasati vazvipinza mukupinda muroorano nomumwe munhu ane nguva yakapfuura inopanikirwa mutsika, kunyange kana iye munguva ino achirarama hake mukuwirirana nemipimo yechiKristu. Pamusoro peiri boka rengozi, nyanzvi yeAIDS yeTanzania, Dr. S. M. Tibangayuka, inokarakadza kuti vechiduku vangwarire kuva vano“nzverwa nokuda kweHIV vasati vapinda muroorano.”
Chokwadi, chero bedzi AIDS irimo muAfrica uye, zvamazvirokwazvo, nyika yose yasara, vanyajambwa vasingazivi chinhu, kubatanidza vananyakuroorana navana, vachatambura.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Kune zvikonzero zvizhinji nei AIDS iri kuuraya chiverengero chinotyisa chakadaro muAfrica
[Kwazvakatorwa]
WHO/E. Hooper