Kunanga Vakwegura

USAITA chikanganiso. Nyanzvi dzezvirongwa zvamanomano dzakaita basa radzo. Dzinoziva maidi anoita kuti vakura vave zvipfuro zvinokwezva zvikurukuru zvokutsotsa. MuUnited States, somuenzaniso, vanhu vane makore anopfuura 65 ezera vanoita 12 muzana bedzi yavagari vemo. Bva, vane mari yomunhu oga yakabatanidzwa ine madhora ane mamiriyoni anopfuura 8 000, ichiumba inoda kusvika 70 muzana yemari yose yapagore inoshandirwa nemhuri dzeUnited States. Hazvishamisi, vakura vakadaro vanoita inenge 30 muzana yavanyajambwa vose vanonyengerwa.

Chii chinoita kuti vakwegura vave vari nyore? “Nenzira yomuzvarirwo vanovimba uye vangasava vanoziva nezvenzira dzazvinouno dzokushandisa nadzo mari kuti vave nemhindu,” inotsanangura kudaro magazini yeConsumers’ Research. Mumwe mupurisa akati kutengesa pafoni kwokunyengera “kunosveta zvikurukuru vari voga navari nyore—vakwegura—avo vanoumba vazhinjisa vavanyajambwa. Ava vanhu vakakura munguva umo kubatana maoko kwaisimbisa chibvumirano.” Mumiririri weAmerica Association of Retired Persons akanokorwa mashoko seaiti: “Zvinotaurwa kakawanda kuti makaro anokupinza munhamo. Navanhu vakura, haasi makaro. Vane rutyo rwokupererwa nemari vasati vafa. Havadi kuva mutoro pavana vavo. Ipapo vanotya kushuma [kunyengedzwa] nemhaka yokuti vanotya kuti vana vavo vachafunga kuti havagoni kuzvitarisira.”

Vakwegura vari vanyajambwa vokunyengedzwa havaitwi mafuza kana kutsauswa nguva dzose. Mune zvimwe zvinoitika vanosurukirwa, vachida “kutenga” ushamwari. Mune imwe nzanga chirikadzi dzaisurukirwa dzakanyengetedzwa kufanobhadhara $200 000 nokuda kwe“zvidzidzo zvokutamba upenyu hwose,” akanyora kudaro mumwe munyori werimwe pepanhau. “Vamwe vaiva ndonda zvokusafamba. Vakanga vasina kupusa, kungopererwa nezano chete.” Kirabhu yokutamba inopa vanyoresi vatsva nzvimbo yokuenda kuti vanova neshamwari dzavo itsva dzichangowanika, kazhinji kazhinji dzomuboka ravo vamene rezera. Mutengesi anobata kumeso, ane rurimi rwunozipa souchi, munyoro, uyo angaitawo somurayiridzi wavo wokutamba, akaoma kudzivisa.

Sangana Namatsotsi eJapan

Mamwe matsotsi anonyengera vakwegura vakasurukirwa mudzimwe nzira. MuJapan maguruvha amakoko asina tsika akanyepera kuva vanhu vanoitira hanya, vachiwana nguva yokutaura navanyajambwa vavo vakwegura, vachivateerera. Pashoma napashoma vanowedzera shanyo dzavo, uye pashure pokuwana kuvimbwa kwakazara nechipfuro chavo, vanokurudzira kutengesa kwokunyengera. Muenzaniso chaiwo wamazano akadaro okunyengera waiva chirongwa chokunyepedzera chokutengesa ndarama umo vanhu vanenge 30 000, kubatanidza vari papenjeni vakawanda, vakashumwa kuva vakatsotswa madhora ane mabhiriyoni 15. “Hapana Kubvira Kwokuwanazve Zvakarasikirwa Navanyajambwa,” waiva musoro mukuru weAsahi Evening News reJapan.

Asahi Shimbun reTokyo rakashuma panhau iyi kuti: Mutengesi wechikadzi wezera rapakati akashanyira murume akwegura, achiti: “Kupfuura basa rangu, ndinokuitirai hanya, VaK., nokuti munogara moga.” Akateerera nyaya dzavo zhinji, uye vakabatwa nokukwezva kwake. Sezvo akanga ava kuenda, akakumbira mvumo yokudzoka zuva raitevera. “Zvirokwazvo,” yaiva mhinduro yavo.

Shanyo dzenguva dzose dzakatevera; vaidya kudya kwamanheru pamwe chete, uye akatounzira VaK. zvokudya. “Ndichakutarisirai kusvikira mafa,” akavimbisa kudaro. Ipapo kwakauya kutaura kwakasimba kwokutengesa: “Ndichatarisira midziyo yenyu. Kambani yandinoshandira nguva pfupi yapfuura iyi yakavamba nzira inobhadhara zvikuru yokushandisa nayo mari.” Zano raida kuti vatengese imba nemidziyo yavo, kutenga ndarama nemari yacho, uye voichengetesa mukambani yake. Musungo wakanga wateyiwa. VaK. vakava mumwe nyajambwa munhevedzano refu yokutsotsa. Bhizimisi racho rangopedzwa bedzi, mukadzi wacho haana kutongodzoka.

“Somusoja,” vakadaro VaK., “Ndairarama ndakatarisana neguva. Asi kwakatooma zvikuru kuve ndakatsotserwa midziyo yangu nomumwe munhu anodheerera undonda hwedu isu vakwegura tinogara toga tisina hama dzokutsamira padziri. Kunoratidzika kuti nyika yasvika panguva apo vanhu vanoda mari, kunyange nenzira dzokunyengera.”

Kutsotsa Vakwegura muItaly

Bhuku rinonzi L’Italia che truffa (Italy Inotsotsa) rakashuma zano rounyanzvi rakashandiswa namatsotsi muItaly kupururisa vakwegura mari yavo yavakachengeta. Muna 1993 hurumende yaitungamirirwa neaichimbova gavhuna weBank of Italy yakavambwa. Siginicha yake, chokwadika, yaioneka pamari yepepa (sezvinooneka ichiri kushanda) yakanga yabudiswa mukati menhambo yokutonga kwake. Pashure pokuzviratidza pamasuo avakwegura, matsotsi anoverengeka, akazvizivisa savashandi veBank of Italy uye vaiva nezvitupa zvokunyepedzera zvokubvumikisa, vakati kune mumwe nomumwe wavanyajambwa wavo: “Munoziva kuti gavhuna weBank of Italy ava purezidhendi weCabinet of Ministers; nokudaro, siginicha yake inooneka pamari yepepa haichashandi. Tine basa rokuunganidza mari yose yepepa kumhuri dzakasiyana-siyana ndokuitsiva netsva yakasainwa nomutsivi wake . . . Heino risiti. Endai kubhangi renyu nepepa iri kuswera mangwana, uye muchagamuchira chitsama chemari yamatipa.” Kupfurikidza nezano iri, matsotsi akaunganidza $90 000 muzuva rimwe chete!

Mamwe matsotsi muItaly anosvika vasina kungwarira, kubatanidza vakwegura, mumigwagwa. Anokumbira vasina kusvinurira kutora rutivi mukunzvera uye anovapa mapepa kuti vasaine, achiti siginicha yavo ndeyokungobvumikisa chete kuti vakatora rutivi mukunzvera kwacho. Chaizvoizvo, vari kusaina chibvumirano chinovamanikidza kuita kana kuti kutenga chimwe chinhu.

Ipapo, pane imwe nguva gare-gare, nyajambwa anogamuchira mupositi pasuru ine zvimwe zvinhu, zvichida nenyevero inonyatsooneka pabutiro yokuti kana zvinhu zvikarambwa, acharangwa neimwe nzira. Vamwe, zvikurukuru vakwegwura, vanotya, vachifunga kuti zvingava zviri nani kubhadhara mari inenge shoma uye vochengeta zvinhu zvacho zvine ukoshi huduku pane kutarisana nokupinzwa mudare.

Kutsotsa kwakapararira sei muItaly? Maererano neL’Italia che truffa, utsotsi hunoshumwa hunosvika ku500 000 pagore. Utsotsi hunopfuura hutatu haushumwi. Mumwe munyori wenhau weTV akatsinhira kuti: “Hwerengedzo yacho misungo inenge mamiriyoni maviri yamarudzi ose gore riri rose, kana kuti zvinenge zviuru zvishanu kusvika kuzvitanhatu pazuva.”

Uye zvinoramba zvichingodaro. Hapana boka rezera (kana kuti boka rorudzi, kana kuti dzinza) rinosiyiwa naavo vangatsotsa vanhu mari yavo—uye kazhinji kazhinji yavakachengetera upenyu hwavo hwose. Ngwarira! Zvinogona kuitika kwauri.

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]

Kudzivisa Kutsotswa

HAASI masangano ose anotengesa pafoni asina kutendeseka. MuUnited States, somuenzaniso, kwaiva nemafemu 140 000 aiita bhizimisi rokutengesa pafoni muna 1994, maererano neAmerican Association of Retired Persons (AARP). Kunofungidzirwa kuti 10 muzana, kana kuti 14 000 awo aiva okunyengera. Nokudaro, kunova madikanwa, kuva akasvinurira apo vimbiso inoratidzika kuva yakanyanyonaka zvokusadavirika inoitwa. Heano mazano okukubetsera kudzivisa kutsotswa navatengesi vapafoni.

◆ Kana mumwe munhu akafona kuti akuudze kuti wahwina mubayiro wapachena, zvichida chinhu chakanakisisa chaunogona kuita ndechokuisa foni yacho pasi.

◆ Kana mutengesi wapafoni akaomerera kuti utenge nhasi kana kuti kuchava kunyanyononoka, kazhinji kazhinji ichi chiratidzo chokuti vimbiso yacho ndeyokunyepedzera.

◆ Chengetedza nhamba yako yekadhi rechikwereti. Usaipa kuvanhu vausingazivi vanouya kuzopemha mari.

◆ Usatenge chinhu chipi nechipi pafoni kutoti uriwe watanga kufona uye uri kubata nefemu inotumira zvinhu yakavimbika.

Varidzi vemisha vanofanira kungwarira zvirongwa zvamanomano zvokugadzira misha. Hedzino nyevero shomanene, dzakarongwa neAARP Consumer Affairs:

◆ Usahaye wausingazivi kusvikira wanyatsonzvera tsamba dzake dzerumbidzo; kumbira mazita nenhamba dzefoni dzavamwe vakamboshandirwa.

◆ Usasaina chinhu chipi nechipi usina kuchinzvera nokungwarira, uye iva nechokwadi chokunzwisisa nokubvumirana namativi ose muchibvumirano chipi nechipi.

◆ Usatongovimba nomumwe munhu kuti akutsanangurire chibvumirano kutoti ari munhu waunoziva nokuvimba. Verenga pachako mashoko maduku asinganyatsooneka.

◆ Usatongobhadhara kugadzira kusati kwaitwa. Iva nechokwadi chokuti basa rapedzwa zvokukugutsa usati wapedza kubhadhara.

Svinurira. Shandisawo uchenjeri hwako. Usazengurire kuti kwete kana usingadi kutenga. Uye yeuka: Kana vimbiso ichiratidzika kuva yakanyanyonaka zvokusadavirika, zvimwe kunyengera.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]

Maguruvha amakoko anganyepera kuva vanhu vanoitira hanya, kuti atsotse vakwegura