Basa Rakaoma Rokuchirapa

“Hapana chirwere cheshuga chinganzi chiri nani. Chose chine ngozi.”—Anne Daly, American Diabetes Association.

“ROPA rako ranga richiongororwa rauya richiratidza zvimwe zvisina kumira zvakanaka. Unoda kurapwa nokukurumidza.” Mashoko achiremba aya akavhundutsa Deborah kwazvo. Anoti, “Manheru iwayo, ndakaramba ndichifunga kuti panofanira kunge paine chakanganiswa pakuongorora.” “Ndakazviudza kuti hazvaiita kuti ndinzi ndiri kurwara.”

Kufanana nevanhu vakawanda, Deborah aifunga kuti aive noutano hwakanaka, nokudaro haana kuita basa nezviratidzo zvaimunetsa. Aiti nyota yaaigara achinzwa yaikonzerwa nemapiritsi aainwa. Aiti kugara achimhanya kunorasa mvura kwaikonzerwa nemvura yakawanda yaainwa. Uye kuneta kwake—aingotiwo ko pana amai vanoshanda vasinganeti here?

Asi kuongororwa kweropa kwakaratidza kuti chirwere cheshuga ndicho chaikonzera. Zvakanga zvakaomera Deborah kuti abvume zvakanga zvawanikwa. “Hapana wandakaudza nezvechirwere changu,” anodaro. “Usiku, apo vamwe vainge vakarara, ndairamba ndakatarira murima ndichichema.” Vamwe pavanoziva kuti vane chirwere cheshuga, kufanana naDeborah vanonetseka nepfungwa, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo kunyange kuita hasha. “Ndakanga ndichingochema ndisingabvumi kuti ndinacho,” anodaro Karen.

Izvi zvinhu zvinongoerekana zvaitika kune munhu anoona seawirwa nenhamo yaanga asingatarisiri. Zvisinei, nokutsigirwa, vaya vane chirwere cheshuga vanogona kurarama nacho. “Nesi wangu akandibatsira kubvuma zvandakanga ndave,” anodaro Karen. “Akanditi pakanga pasina chakaipa nokuchema. Iyi nzira yokubudisa manzwiro angu yakandibatsira kuchinja.”

Nei Chakakomba

Chirwere cheshuga chakanzi “kukanganisika kwesimba roupenyu,” uye nokuda kwechikonzero chaicho. Apo muviri unotadza kutora shuga, zvimwe zvinoitika mumuviri zvinokosha zvinogona kumira, dzimwe nguva nemigumisiro inouraya. “Vanhu havafi nechirwere cheshuga zvakananga,” anodaro Dr. Harvey Katzeff, “vanofa nechimwe chirwere chinenge chauya. Tine unyanzvi hwokudzivisa zvimwe zvirwere, asi hatina unyanzvi hwokuzvirapa kana zvangovapo.”a

Pane tariro kune vaya vanorwara chirwere cheshuga here? Hungu—kana vakaziva kukomba kwechirwere chacho vobva vatanga kurapwa.b

Zvokudya Nokurovedza Muviri

Kunyange zvazvo chirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwokutanga chisingagoni kudziviswa, masayendisiti ari kudzidza nezvokuti chingadai chichigarwa nhaka here uye vari kuedza kuwana nzira yokudzivisa kuti zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvisachikonzera. (Ona bhokisi rakanzi “Kushanda Kweshuga,” papeji 8) “Kana chiri chorudzi rwechipiri, panenge pane tariro,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi Diabetes—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health. “Vazhinji vane mukana wokuchitora mudzinza ravo vanodzivisa kuratidza chero chiratidzo chechirwere ichi nokudya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, nokudaro vobva vagara vaine utano hwakanaka uye vachigara vasina kunyanya kusimba.”c

Ichisimbisa kukosha kwokurovedza muviri, Journal of the American Medical Association yakashuma nezvokumwe kuongororwa kwevakadzi. Kuongorora kwacho kwakawana kuti “kurovedza muviri kwenguva pfupi kunowedzera kutorwa kweshuga [nemasero omuviri] kwenguva inopfuura maawa 24.” Nokudaro, mushumo wacho unogumisa kuti “zvose kufamba nokuita basa rakaoma zvinobatsira kuti deredzei ngozi yokuva nechirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwechipiri muvakadzi.” Vakatsvakurudza ruzivo vacho vanokurudzira kurovedza muviri zviri pakati nepakati kwemaminitsi anodarika 30 anenge mazuva ose. Izvi zvingasanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore sokufamba, uko American Diabetes Association Complete Guide to Diabetes inoti “zvimwe ndiko kurovedza muviri kwakanakisisa, kusina ngozi, uye kusingadhuri.”

Zvisinei, kurovedza muviri kunoitwa nevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga kunofanira kutungamirirwa nenyanzvi. Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti chirwere cheshuga chinogona kukuvadza tsinga dzeropa uye tsinga dzinobatsira kunzwa, zvokanganisa kufamba kweropa nokuitisa chiveve. Nokudaro, kumarwa zvishoma patsoka kungasaonekwa, pamarwa popinda utachiona, poita ronda—mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anogona kuita kuti gumbo ridimburwe kana risina kurapwa nokukurumidza.d

Kunyange zvakadaro, kugara uchirovedza muviri kunogona kubatsira kudzora chirwere cheshuga. “Kuramba kunoita nyanzvi dzichidzidza nezvokugara uchirovedza muviri kunoita kuti dzirambe dzichiona kubatsira kwakunoita,” inodaro ADA Complete Guide.

Kuzvibaya Jekiseni

Vakawanda vane chirwere cheshuga vanofanira kuwana zvimwe zvokudya zvokuwedzera uye kugara vachirovedza muviri nokuyera kuwanda kweshuga iri mumuviri mavo pamwe nokuzvibaya majekiseni okuti muviri utore shuga. Nokuvandudzika kwoutano kunovapo nokudya kwakanaka uye kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, vamwe vane rudzi rwechipiri rwechirwere cheshuga vakakwanisa kurega kuzvibaya jekiseni kwenguva yakati.e Karen, ane rudzi rwokutanga rwechirwere cheshuga, akawana kuti kurovedza muviri kunowedzera kushanda kwejekiseni raanozvibaya. Izvi zvakabva zvaita kuti aderedze kuwanda kwomushonga wejekiseni waanozvibaya zuva nezuva nezvikamu 20 kubva muzana.

Kana mushonga wokubatsira kuti muviri utore shuga uchidiwa, hapana chikonzero chokuti anorwara wacho anzwe achiora mwoyo. “Kuunwa hakuratidzi kuti iwe wakundikana,” anodaro Mary Ann, mukoti anotarisira vakawanda vanorwara neshuga. “Chero rudzi rwechirwere cheshuga chaunacho, kana ukanyatsodzora kuwanda kana kushomeka kweshuga yomuropa rako, uchaderedza zvimwe zvinetso zvoutano zvinogona kuzouya.” Kutaura zvazviri, kuongorora kuchangobva kuitwa kwakaratidza kuti vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwokutanga vaichengeta kuwanda kweshuga yavo yomuropa isingachinji “vakaderedza zvikuru kuvapo kwezvirwere zveshuga zvinouraya maziso, itsvo netsinga dzokunzwa.” Somuenzaniso, ngozi yezvirwere zvemaziso (retinopathy) yakaderedzwa nezvikamu 76 kubva muzana! Vaya vane chirwere chorudzi rwechipiri vanoramba vachiita kuti shuga yavo yomuropa isachinja vanobatsirwa nenzira imwe iyoyo.

Kuti kubaya jekiseni kuve nyore uye kusarwadza, jekiseni racho—chinhu chinowanzoshadiswa—rine tsono nhete-nhete dzinorwadza zvishoma. “Kuzvibaya kokutanga ndiko kunowanzorwadza,” anodaro Mary Ann. “Zvadaro, varwere vakawanda vanoti hapana chavanozonzwa.” Dzimwe nzira dzokubaya nadzo dzinosanganisira majekiseni anobaya oga anokanda tsono muganda zvisingarwadzi, zvinotsatisa mushonga zvakasimba wopinda nepaganda, uye majekiseni anobudisa mushonga zvishoma nezvishoma anogara munyama kwemazuva maviri kana matatu. Kapombi kakada kuenzana nebhokisi remachisa kanoisa mushonga kakatanga kukurumbira mumakore achangopera. Chigadzirwa chinoshanda maererano nezvaunoda ichi chinoisa mushonga nepombi zvishoma nezvishoma maererano nezvinodiwa nomuviri zuva nezuva, zvichiita kuti kuiswa kwomushonga kunyatsoenderana uye kureruke.

Ramba Uchidzidza

Kunyange zvose zvafungwa nezvazvo, hapana marapirwo echirwere cheshuga anganzi anoshanda pose. Paanenge achifunga nezvokurapwa, munhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti aite chisarudzo chake pachake. “Kunyange ungave uchitarisirwa navanachiremba,” anodaro Mary Ann, “Ndiwe muridzi unosarudza marapirwe.” Kutaura zvazviri, bhuku rinonzi Diabetes Care rinoti: “Kurapwa chirwere cheshuga nemishonga pasina kuzvidzidzisa nzira yokuzvitarisira nayo nguva dzose kunogona kunzi hakuna kukwana uye kungaonekwa sokutarisira kusingatarisirwi kuti munhu aite.”

Vaya vane chirwere cheshuga pavanodzidza zvakawanda nezvechirwere chavo, ndipo pavanenge vave kunyatsogona kutarisira utano hwavo uye vowedzera tarisiro dzavo dzokurarama upenyu hurefu hune utano huri nani. Zvisinei, kudzidza chaiko kunoda kushivirira. Bhuku rinonzi Diabetes—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health rinotsanangura kuti: “Kana ukaedza kudzidza zvose panguva imwe chete, uchavhiringika worega kushandisa zvawadzidza nomazvo. Kunze kwaizvozvo, zvakawanda zvaunofanira kudzidza hazviwanikwi mumabhuku kana mapepa. Zvine chokuita . . . nokuchinja-chinja kweshuga yomuropa rako nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinodzidzwa chete papera nguva, nokuedza zvakasiyana-siyana.”

Somuenzaniso, nokuongorora nokungwarira unodzidza kuti kana waneta mupfungwa muviri wako unoita sei, zvinogona kukonzera kuti shuga yomuropa rako ikwire. “Ndararama nomuviri une chirwere cheshuga uyu kwemakore 50,” anodaro Ken, “uye ndinoziva zvauri kundiudza!” “Kuteerera” muviri wake kwakabatsira, nokuti Ken achiri kugona kushanda kwenguva yakazara—kunyange zvazvo aine makore anopfuura 70!

Kukosha Kwokutsigirwa Nemhuri

Chisingafaniri kurerutswa pakurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga kutsigira kwemhuri. Rimwe bhuku rinoti “kunaka kwoupenyu hwemhuri pamwe zvichida ndicho chinhu chikuru chimwe” chokugona kubata nechirwere cheshuga muvana vaduku nevakuru.

Zvinobatsira kana vamwe vomumhuri vakadzidza nezvechirwere cheshuga, kunyange kuita majana okuenda neanorwara kuna chiremba. Ruzivo ruchavabatsira kuti vatsigire, vazive zviratidzo zvinokosha, voziva kuti vanozoita sei. Ted, aiva nomudzimai ane rudzi rwechipiri rwechirwere cheshuga kubvira pazera remakore mana anoti: “Ndinogona kuzviziva kana shuga yomuropa raBarbara yanyanya kuderera. Anongonyarara muri pakati pokutaura. Anonyanya kudikitira uye anotsamwa pasina chikonzero. Uye anotanga kuita zvinhu achinonozeka.”

Kufanana naizvozvi, apo Catherine, mudzimai waKen anoona Ken achitanga kuchenuruka uye kutonhora uye paanoona kuchinja mumaitiro ake, anongomubvunza mubvunzo kuti apindure. Kupindura kwaKen kwokuvhiringika kunoudza Catherine kuti zvino yava nguva yokuita zvisarudzo zvose zvinoda kuitwa uye omhanya-mhanya kugadzirisa zvinhu zvacho. Ken naBarbara vanofara kuti vavakaroorana navo vanovanzwisisa uye vanovada nokuvavimba zvikuru.f

Vomumhuri vane rudo vanofanira kuedza kubatsira, kuita mutsa, uye kushivirira—unhu hunogona kubatsira munhu anorwara kuti atarisane nezvinetso zvoupenyu uye hunogona kutoita kuti aite nani mukurwara kwake. Murume waKaren akaramba achimuudza kuti anomuda, zvinova zvakabatsira zvikuru. Karen anotsanangura kuti: “Nigel akati kwandiri, ‘Vanhu vanoda kudya nokunwa mvura kuti vararame, sokungoda kwaunoita kudya nokunwa mvura—uye kuzvibaya mushonga mushoma wokurapa chirwere cheshuga.” Mashoko aya omutsa, asi achishanda, ndiwo andaingoda.”

Vanhu vomumhuri neshamwari vanofanirawo kuziva kuti shuga yomuropa painenge ichichinja-chinja, chirwere chacho chinogona kuchinja maitiro omunhu. “Pandinonzwa kuti shuga yomuropa mangu yaderera,” anodaro mumwe mukadzi, “Ndinongoti zii, ndinochinja-chinja, handitani kushatirwa uye kugumburwa. Ipapo ndinobva ndanzwa kunyara nokuita somwana. Asi zvinobatsira pandinoziva kuti vamwe vanonzwisisa zvinoita kuti ndinzwe nenzira iyi—zvinova zvandinoedza kudzora.”

Chirwere cheshuga chinogona kubatwa nacho zvinobudirira, kunyanya kana shamwari nevomumhuri vomurwere wacho vachishandira pamwe naye. Zvinotaura Bhaibheri zvinogonawo kubatsira. Sei?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

Chinobata Vechiduku Here?

Chirwere cheshuga “chiri kubata vechiduku,” anodaro Dr. Arthur Rubenstein, nyanzvi panhengo dzomukati momuviri uye ari mukuru paMount Sinai School of Medicine yeNew York. Avhareji yemakore evanhu vari kutanga kubatwa nechirwere cheshuga ari kuramba achidzikira. “Makore gumi apfuura, taidzidzisa vadzidzi vezvokurapa kuti hauoni chirwere ichi muvanhu vane makore ari pasi pe40,” inodaro nyazvi yokuongorora chirwere cheshuga Dr. Robin S. Goland, achitaura nezvechirwere chorudzi rwechipiri. “Iye zvino tiri kuchiona muvanhu vane makore ari pasi pe10.”

Nei vechiduku vari kuwedzera kubatwa nechirwere cheshuga? Dzimwe nguva munhu anoberekwa ane mukana mukuru wokuchibata. Asi kunyanya kufuta uye kwaunogara zvinogona kukonzera. Nhamba yevana vakafutisa yakawedzera nekaviri mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nei? “Pakava nokuchinja kwakawanda mumadyiro uye kurovedza muviri mumakore 20 adarika,” anodaro Dr. William Dietz weU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Izvi zvinosanganisira kunyanya kudya zvokudya zvisingabikwi pamba; kusadya zvokudya zvemangwanani kuri kunyanya kuvapo; kunyanya kunwa zvinwiwa zvomumabhodhoro uye zvokudya zvinobikwa uchidya ipapo; kuderera kwemitambo yokurovedza muviri muzvikoro; uye kubviswa kwenguva dzokuzorora kuchikoro.”

Chirwere cheshuga hachirapiki. Nokudaro zvinokosha kuteerera zano romumwe achiri kuyaruka anorwara nacho, anongoti: “Usadya zvokudya zvisingavaki muviri ukadaro uchagara une utano hwakanaka.”

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 8, 9]

Basa Reshuga

Shuga inopa simba kumazana akazanirana emasero omuviri. Zvisinei, kuti ipinde mumasero, inoda “kiyi”—inonzi insulin, kemikari rinobudiswa nerwatata. Nechirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwokutanga, insulin iyi inenge isipo zvachose. Kana chiri chirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwechipiri, muviri unogadzira insulin iyi asi inenge isingakwani.g Uyezve, masero acho anenge asingadi kuti insulin iyi ipinde—kana zvadai kunonzi kurambwa kweinsulin. Nemarudzi ose ari maviri echirwere chacho, magumo acho mamwe chete: masero ane nzara uye shuga yakawandisa muropa.

Muchirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwokutanga, masero anorwisa zvirwere anodya masero anogadzira insulin murwatata. Nokudaro, chirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwokutanga chinovapo kana masero okurwisa zvirwere ave kurwisa mamwe omumuviri uye dzimwe nguva chinonzi chirwere cheshuga chinokonzerwa nokuda kurwisa zvimwe zvirwere. Zvimwe zvinhu zvingaita kuti masero okurwisa zvirwere atange basa zvinosanganisira utachiona, chepfu, nemimwe mishonga. Dzinza rako ringavawo honzeri, nokuti chirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwokutanga kazhinji chinowanikwa mumhuri, uye chakanyanya kuvaRungu.

Nechirwere chorudzi rwechipiri, dzinza rako ndiro rinonyanya kukonzera asi chichinyanya kune vasiri vaRungu. MaAborigine okuAustralia nevagari vokuAmerica ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa nacho, vokuAmerica varivo vane vanhu vakawanda vane chirwere chorudzi rwechipiri pasi pose. Nyanzvi dziri kudzidza ukama huri pakati pokugara nhaka nokufutisa, pamwe nenzira iyo mafuta akawandisa anoita seanowedzera kuti insulin inobva murwatata irambe kushanda muvamwe vanhu.h Kusiyana nechirwere chorudzi rwokutanga, chorudzi rwechipiri chinonyanya kubata vaya vane makore anodarika 40.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo]

Morekuru yeshuga

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

[Bhokisi riri papeji 9]

Basa Rerwatata

Rwakada kuenzana nebanana, rwatata ruri necheshure kwedumbu. Maererano nebhuku rinonzi The Unofficial Guide to Living With Diabetes, “rwatata rune utano runoita basa renguva dzose uye rakanaka rokuenzanisa, ruchiedza kuita kuti pave nomwero weshuga wakaenzana, usingachinji-chinji nokuburitsa insulin yakakodzera sezvo shuga yomumuviri inowanda nokuderera zuva rose.” Masero ari murwatata ndiwo anoburitsa kemikari inonzi insulin iyi.

Masero aya paanotadza kugadzira insulin yakakwana, shuga inowanda muropa achikonzera inonzi hyperglycemia. Zvakasiyana neizvi ishuga shoma muropa inonzi hypoglycemia. Pamwe nerwatata, chiropa chinobatsira kudzora uwandu hweshuga yomuropa nokuchengeta imwe shuga inenge yawandisa. Kana charayirwa nerwatata chiropa chinodzosa shuga iya kuti ishandiswe nomuviri.

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]

Basa Reshuga

Vanhu vakawanda vanofunga zvisizvo kuti kudya shuga yakawanda kunokonzera chirwere cheshuga. Vezvokurapa vakaratidza kuti kufutisa—pasinei neshuga yaunodya—kunowedzera ngozi yacho pavanhu vanoberekwa mudzinza rine chirwere ichi. Kunyange zvakadaro, kudya shuga yakawandisa hakuna utano, sezvo isina kudya kunovaka muviri uye inoita kuti munhu afutise.

Zvimwe zvisizvo zvinofungwa nevakawanda ndezvokuti vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanokara shuga chaizvo. Zvisinei, zvazviri chaizvo ndezvokuti vanoda zvinotapira sezvinongoita vanhu vose. Kana chisingatarisirwi zvakanaka, chirwere cheshuga chinogona kuita kuti munhu ave nenzara—asi kwete yeshuga. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanogona kudya zvinotapira, asi vanofanira kungwarira shuga yavanozoguma vadya pane zvose zvavanodya.

Kuongorora kwakaitwa nguva pfupi yapfuura kwakaratidza kuti zvokudya zvakawanda zvine muto unotapira—shuga inobva mumichero nemiriwo—zvinogona kuita kuti insulin irambe kushanda uye kunyange kukonzera chirwere cheshuga mumhuka, zvisinei nokuti dzinorema zvakadini.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 8, 9]

Kutsanangura Chirwere Cheshuga Zviri Nyore

RWATATA

↓ ↓ ↓

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↓ ↓ ↓

[Mufananidzo]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Sero

Kanotokonya

Suo

Insulin

Mwoyo wesero

Shuga

[Mufananidzo]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

TSINGA

Masero matsvuku eropa

Shuga

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Munhu: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Kudya kwakakodzera kunodiwa kune vanorwara nechirwere cheshuga

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]

Vanhu vanorwara nechirwere cheshuga vanogona kuita mabasa ose