Masango Anogara Achinaya Mvura—Tinogona Kuashandisa Tisingaaparadzi Here?
UNOFUNGA kuti bhizimisi rokutema matanda rine kodzero yokuparadza masango enyika anogara achinaya mvura here? Pamwe ungati kwete! Zvisinei, vamwe vanoziva nezvemasango vangaramba vachiti vamwe vaizoti kwete, vakatoti hungu—somuenzaniso nokutenga zvivezwa zvakagadzirwa kubva pamatanda akaisvonaka uye anobva mumasango iwaya anogara achinaya mvura asiri omumasango akadyarwa nevanhu.
Kutema matanda kunowanzonzi kwakafanana nokuparadza miti. Uye chokwadi, masango akawanda anoparara pamusana pokutema matanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinonzi mamwe masango akatemwa miti akasara asina kunyanya kukuvara. Masango anogara achinaya mvura nemhuka dzawo anogona here chaizvoizvo kupukunyuka pane vanotema matanda? Ngatitangei taongorora kuti kutema matanda kunogona kuparadza sango sei.
Maparadzire Anogona Kuita Kutema Matanda Sango Nemhuka
Aya ndiwo mamwe mamiriro acho ezvinhu: Kutema matanda kunotanga nezvikatapira zvinenge zvichigadzira nzira pakati chaipo pesango. Vatemi vematanda vachishandisa masaha nenguva isipi vanotanga kuita basa ravo. Kambani yokutema matanda inongopiwa nguva shomanana yokutema matanda, saka vashandi vanorayirwa kutema muti wose unokosha. Miti inotengeseka zvainowira pasi, inokuvadza kana kuparadza mimwe miti yakavakidzana nayo yainenge yakabatana nayo nemakwenzi anomonerera pamiti. Zvadaro, zvifambiso zvinofamba necheni zvinopinda musango racho kuti zvitakure matanda, zvichitsindira ivhu kusvikira risingachabatsiri.
Vashandi vekambani yokutema matanda kazhinji kacho vanodya nyama yakawanda kudarika vagari venharaunda yacho. Sango rinosiyiwa ratsvairwa mhuka dzose; kazhinji dzakawanda dzinourayiwa kupfuura dzinodiwa chaidzo. Migwagwa inosiyiwa nevatemi vematanda inoita kuti nzvimbo yaimbenge isingasvikiki isvikike. Vavhimi zvino vanogona kupinda nemotokari nepfuti kuti vapedzise mhuka dzipi nedzipi dzinenge dzasara. Vateyi vanobata mhuka duku neshiri vowana mari yakawanda nokutengesera vanhu vanoda kupfuya. Kwozotiwo vanhu, zviuru zvisina pokugara zvinenge zvichitsvaka mukana wokuwana kurarama panzvimbo itsva inogarika. Muitiro wavo wokurima nokutanga vatema uye kupisa unopedzisa miti inenge yasara, zvichiita kuti madzvotsvotsvo emvura akukure ivhu repamusoro.
Somugumisiro, sango rinenge rasiyiwa risisina upenyu. Zvakangotanga nokutema matanda. Asi kucheka miti mumasango anogara achinaya mvura kunofanira kuparadza zvakadaro here?
Kucheka Matanda Kusinganyanyi Kukuvadza Nokuparadza
Mumakore achangopfuura pave paine kufarirazve patsva pfungwa yokucheka matanda nenzira isinganyanyi kuparadza uye kutarisira masango kuti asaparara. Vavariro yacho ndeyokucheka matanda nenzira isingakuvadzi zvakanyanya masango nemhuka. Zvishoma nezvishoma, sango racho rinozoitazve sezvaraive, zvichiita kuti miti izochekwazve makumi mashomanana emakore anotevera. Vatarisana nedzvinyiriro inobva kuvachengetedzi, vamwe vatengesi iye zvino vava kushambadzira matanda avo seanobva kumasango akanyorwa pamutemo kuti anotarisirwa zvakanaka. Ngatimboonai machekerwe ematanda nenzira isinganyanyi kukuvadza.
Nyanzvi yemasango neboka rinoibatsira vanopinda musango vachiverevedza nomumabvokocho. Vanoita mapoka akawanda achapedza zvichida mwedzi mitanhatu musango, vachinyora uwandu hwezviri musango racho. Kambani yokucheka matanda yapiwa nguva refu yokucheka pano, saka vashandi vane nguva yokuona kuti mune miti mingani kuitira kuchengetedza sango racho kuti rizoshandiswa mune remangwana.
Anotarisira zvemiti anoisa chiratidzo chenhamba pamuti mumwe nomumwe oona kuti ndewemhando ipi. Mune mhando mazana, saka anofanira kunge ane unyanzvi hwakati. Zvisinei, danho rinotevera rinoda michini yemazuva ano.
Achishandisa mudziyo unobatwa nemaoko uyo unokurukurirana nemasetiraiti eGlobal Positioning System, anotarisira zvemiti anonyora mashoko anoratidza saizi yomuti wacho, mhando yawo, uye nhamba yawo. Adaro anongopfanya rimwe bhatani, mashoko ose ane chokuita nomuti wacho, kusanganisira nzvimbo chaiyo yaunenge uri, zvinobva zvatumirwa pakarepo kubva musango kuenda mukombiyuta iri muguta rakabatikana riri kure.
Gare gare maneja wemiti achishandisa kombiyuta yake anodhinda mepu inoratidza muti wose unokosha unenge uri musango racho. Ndiye anonyatsosarudza miti inofanira kutemwa maererano nemitemo yehurumende. Kana muine miti yemhando dzakawanda, zvinobvumirwa kutema 50 muzana yemiti mikobvu kupfuura zvakanyorwa pachibvumirano chacho. Miti yagarisa uye ine utano hwakanyanya kunaka inofanira kusiyiwa yakamira kuti izobereka mbeu.
Kunyange zvakadaro, ungacheka sei miti usingakuvadzi sango racho? Mukai! yakabvunzawo Roberto izvozvo, mutarisiri wesango ambotaurwa munyaya yapfuura. Akatsanangura kuti: “Mepu ndiyo chinhu chikuru. Kana tiine mepu yemiti, tinogona kuronga machekero atichaita kuti tisanyanye kukuvadza sango. Kunyange kunozowira muti wacho kunogona kurongwa kuti pave nemiti mishoma inokuvara.
“Tinogonawo kuronga matorero atinoita matanda nokudhonza newaya, panzvimbo pokushandisa zvikatapira kuti zviende kwose kwakatemwa miti. Vasati vacheka, vacheki vemiti vanocheka tumiti tunenge twakabatanidza miti iri kuda kuchekwa yacho nemimwe isiri—zvichiitirwa zvakare kuderedza kukuvadza mimwe. Tinoshanda nzvimbo yatakabvumirwa kushanda nokuchinja-chinja, gore roga roga tichigadzira mepu uye kucheka chikamu chakati kuitira kuti tisadzoke kuya kwatakacheka kusvikira padarika makore anenge 20. Mamwe masango tinodzokerako pashure pemakore 30.”
Zvisinei, Roberto anoshandira kambani inotema matanda. Saka Mukai! yakamubvunza kuti: “Vanocheka matanda vanofarira kudzivirira mhuka kusvika papi?”
Kudzivirira Mhuka
“Haringavi sango rakanaka kana risina mhuka,” anodaro Roberto. “Dzinokosha pakuita kuti miti ibereke uye mbeu dzayo dziparadzirwe. Tinoita zvose zvatinokwanisa kuderedza kuvhiringidzwa kwemhuka. Somuenzaniso, tinonyatsoronga nzira dzokupinda imomo kuti dzive shoma uye dziri kure nekure. Pazvinokwanisika, tinogadzira migwagwa isina kunyanya kupamhama kuitira kuti ikwanise kufukidzwa nemimvuri yemiti. Izvi zvinoita kuti mhuka dzakadai setsoko nedzimwe dzinodamha mumiti dzidarike nzira dzisina kuburuka mumiti.”
Roberto anonongedza dzimwe nzvimbo dzine ruvara dziri pamepu yake. Idzi hadzifaniri kumbobatwa. Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo yakadzivirirwa iri kurutivi rumwe norumwe rwerwizi rwoga rwoga, inoita kuti mhuka dzikwanise kufamba kubva mune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe musango risina kuvhiringidzwa.
“Panzvimbo pokudzivirira zvinhu zvinokosha zvinogara pedyo nenzizi,” anotsanangura kudaro, “tinodzivirirawo mapako, zvinomera pamatombo, miti yakaoma, miti inobereka michero minyoro—kutaura zvazviri, chero nzvimbo inokosha pakuti zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvirarame. Kuti pasave nokuvhima zvisiri pamutemo, hatitenderi vashandi vedu kutakura pfuti, uye kuitira kuti vasade nyama yomusango, tinovaendesera nyama yemombe neyehuku nendege mumisasa yavo. Zvadaro, patinenge tapedza nzvimbo yakati, tinovhara nokungwarira kana kutarisira nzira dzacho kuitira kuti vavhimi kana vacheki vematanda vasiri vepamutemo vasapinde musango racho.
“Ini pachangu, ndinofara kuita zvose izvi nokuti ndinodavira mukuchengetedza zvisikwa zvaMwari. Asi zvinenge zvose zvandataura zvinodiwa nemitemo yenyika pakuti pave nesango rakabvumirwa kushandiswa nomutemo, rinonyatsotarisirwa. Kuti iwane tsamba, kambani inofanira kugutsa vaongorori vanobva mumasangano omunyika yose.”
Masango anochengetedzwa zvakanaka anowanisa purofiti here? Kunze kwavanofarira izvi saRoberto, vacheki vematanda havawanzofariri urongwa hwokuchengetedza mhuka nechido. Zvirambidzo zvakadaro zvinotorwa sezvinotadzisa kuwana purofiti.
Kunyange zvakadaro, ongororo dzakaitwa kumabvazuva kweAmazonia ma1990 ava kupera dzakawana kuti mari inoshandiswa kugadzira mepu yemiti ingafanira kutemwa, kutema tumiti tunobatanidza mimwe, uye urongwa hwokubvisa matanda yaiva shoma pane yaizowanwa, somugumisiro wokuwedzera kwezvishandiso zvakanaka. Somuenzaniso, matanda mashoma aikanganisika. Kazhinji kacho, pasina mepu yakadaro, boka rokutema richatema muti usingagoni kuwanwa nevanhu vanoita basa rokuzvuva matanda musango rizere miti.
Uyewo, matanda anooneka kuti akabva musango rinotarisirwa zvepamutemo angatengeseka nyore nyore. Asi kucheka matanda kusinganyanyi kuparadza kunodzivirira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana here? Imhuka dzakawanda sei dzinopona panochekwa miti yemasango anogara achinaya mvura nenzira yakadaro?
Mhuka Dzesango Dzingapona Here Panenge Pachitemwa Matanda?
Ichokwadi kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvomumasango anonaya mvura nemhoteredzo yazvo zvinogona kuparadzwa nyore uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Asi, zvinoshamisa kuti zvinogona kuramba zviripo mumamiriro ezvinhu akati. Somuenzaniso, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kuchekwa miti dzikasara pedyo nedzakachekwa, zvigutsa zvemiti yakatemwa zvinozokura kuvhara mikaha inenge yasara. Asi zvakadini nemhuka, shiri, uye zvipembenene?
Imhuka shomanana dzinonyanya kukuvadzwa, uye kucheka matanda kuzhinji kunoderedza uwandu hwemarudzi eshiri nemhuka zvinenge zviri munzvimbo yacho. Zvisinei, kucheka matanda kusinganyanyi kukuvadza hakuwanzokuvadzi mhuka dzakawanda. Kutaura zvazviri, kuvhurika kwenzvimbo musango racho chaizvoizvo kungakonzera kuvapo kwedzimwe mhuka. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzakaratidza kuti kuvapo kwevanhu—kunyange zvazvo vamwe vangavemo kuti vacheke miti munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa—kungawedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumasango anogara achinaya mvura.
Saka, pane uchapupu hwakati, hunoratidza kuti masango anogara achinaya mvura anogona kuchekwa miti zvakanaka, zvisingakuvadzi zvechigarire zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Magazini yeLondon’s Economist yakati: “Gumi muzana chete yesango rasara, rikatarisirwa zvakanaka, rinogona kupa vanhu vose vari kunogara kuchinaya mvura matanda avanoda. Imwe nzvimbo yose inogona kusiyiwa isina kumbobatwa.”
Muenzaniso wesango rinodzivirirwa zvakakwana ndewesango rataurwa munyaya yokutanga. Ramiro anoridzivirira nokuti masayendisiti akawana kuti rine mhuka dzakawanda pane dziya dziri kutsakatika. Masango anogara achinaya mvura akadaro mashoma uye ane mhuka dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzisingawanzowaniki. “Dzidzo ndiyo yave iri kiyi yokuchengetedza,” anotsanangura kudaro Ramiro. “Vagari venharaunda iyoyo vakadzimara vaziva kuti mvura yavo inotsamira pamasango avo, vanonzwa vachida kuadzivirira.”
Ramiro anotizve: “Kushanya kusingaparadzi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kunokoshawo nokuti vashanyi vanoziva kuti nei miti yakasiyana-siyana nezvinomera zvavanoona zvichikosha kudzivirira. Vanobva vachikoshesa kwazvo sango nemhuka dzaro.”
Mienzaniso yevanhu vakaita saRamiro naRoberto inoratidza kuti vanhu vanokwanisa kushandisa masango anogara achinaya vasingaakuvadzi nemhuka dzawo. Asi chokwadi chokuti zvinokwanisika hazviiti kuti zvidaro. Vamwe vanhu nhasi vangatanga vava nechokwadi kuti matanda avanotenga abva musango rinonyatsotarisirwa zviri pamutemo. Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe havaiti izvozvo. Saka, kuedza kudzivirira masango kuchachengetedza here zvinhu zvipenyu zvinoorora zvakasiyana-siyana zviri mumasango?
[Mepu dziri papeji 23]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
BOLIVIA
Mepu iri kurudyi inodonongodza zvose zvomuti woga woga; sezvinoratidzwa nezviri pamusoro apa, mepu yacho inomirira nzvimbo duku duku chete muBolivia
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Mepu dzose kusara kweiri pamusoro nechokuruboshwe: Aserradero San Martin S.R.L., Bolivia
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 23]
Muti mumwe nomumwe unonyorwa nhamba, wozivikanwa rudzi rwawo. Zvadaro, nokubatsira kweGlobal Positioning System (iri pamusoro apa), nzvimbo yaunenge uri chaiyo inonyorwa
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]
‘Mepu yokuona uwandu hwemiti ndicho chinhu chikuru paurongwa hwokucheka miti zvisingakuvadzi zvechigarire sango kana mhuka dzaro.’—Roberto
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 24, 25]
“Dzidzo ndiyo yave iri kiyi yokuchengetedza.”—Ramiro
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 25]
Foto: Zoo de Baños