Kudheerera—Chinetso Chiri Munyika Yose

“Ukauya kuchikoro mangwana, tichakuuraya.”—Mumwe mudzidzi wokuCanada anonzi Kristen akaudzwa mashoko okutyisidzira kudaro parunhare nomunhu wechikadzi waakanga asingazivi.a

“Handisi munhu anokundwa nemanzwiro ake, asi ndakasvika pakusada kuenda kuchikoro. Mudumbu mangu makarwadza, uye mangwanani oga oga pashure pokudya, ndairutsa.”—Hiromi, mumwe mudzidzi wokuJapan achiri kuyaruka, anoyeuka zvaiitika kwaari paaidheererwa.

WAKAMBOSANGANA nomunhu aikudheerera here? Vakawanda vedu takambodaro pane imwe nguva. Kungava kuchikoro kana kuti kubasa, kana kuti zvingave zvakatoitika kumba chaiko—uko simba riri kuwedzera kushandiswa zvisina kufanira mazuva ano. Somuenzaniso, rimwe bhuku rokuBritain rinofungidzira kuti 53 muzana yevanhu vakuru vanotaurirwa mashoko okudheerera newavakaroorana naye kana wavanobika naye mapoto. Vanodheerera vacho vanogona kunge vari varume kana vakadzi uye vachibva mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana chero kupi zvako munyika.

Kudheerera kunosanganisirei chaizvoizvo? Kwakati siyanei nokunetsa kana kubata vamwe zvisiri izvo. Kunoita sokunosanganisira zviitiko zviduku zvakawanda zvinovapo kwenguva yakareba kwete chiitiko chimwe chete kana kuti zvishoma. Nyanzvi yokushanda kwepfungwa Dan Olweus, akava wokutanga kunyatsodzidza nezvokudheerera, anoratidza zvinhu zvakafanana zviri muunhu uhwu, zvakadai sechisimba chokuita uchiziva uye kuti mumwe anenge ari mukuru muzera zvinotooneka.

Zvichida hakuna rondedzero imwe chete inodonongodza zvose zvine chokuita nokudheerera, asi kwave kuchinzi “chido chokuita uchiziva kuti ukuvadze mumwe munhu uye kuti anetseke mupfungwa.” Kunetseka mupfungwa kunokonzerwa kwete bedzi nezvinoitika chaizvoizvo asiwo nokutya zvingaitika. Zviito zvacho zvingasanganisira kunyomba, kutsoropodza kunoenderera mberi, kutuka, makuhwa, uye kukumbira zvinhu zvisingaiti.—Ona bhokisi riri papeji 12.

Kristen achiri kuyaruka watambotaura, akadheererwa nevamwe mumakore ake akawanda paaiva kuchikoro. Kuchikoro chepuraimari, vaimudheerera vaimuisa chingamu mubvudzi, vaimuseka chitarisiko chake, uye vaityisidzira nokuda kumurova. Kuchikoro chesekondari, zvinhu zvakawedzera kuipa—kutosvika pakugamuchira mashoko okutyisidzirwa norufu parunhare. Iye zvino zvaava nemakore 18, anorwadziwa achiti: “Chikoro inzvimbo yaunofanira kudzidza, kwete kutyisidzirwa nokuurayiwa uye kurohwa.”

Imwe nyanzvi yezvoutano hwepfungwa inoti: “Zvinosuwisa asi ndizvo zvinowanzoita vanhu. Vamwe vanhu vanonzwa zvakanaka kana vachizvidza mumwe munhu.” Maitiro akadaro paanowedzera, angaita kuti pave nokudzorera nechisimba uye kunyange kutouraya chaiko. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mushandi aishanda muzvifambiso zvavose aiva nechinetso chokutaura aisekwa nokudheererwa kwazvo zvokuti pakupedzisira akauraya vanhu vana vaaishanda navo achibva azviuraya.

Kudheerera Kuri Munyika Yose

Kudheerera kwevana vechikoro kunoitika munyika yose. Kumwe kuongorora kwakabudiswa muPediatrics in Review kunoratidza kuti muNorway, 14 muzana yevana vanodheerera kana kuti vanodheererwa. MuJapan, 15 muzana yevadzidzi vachiri kuchikoro chepuraimari vanoti vanodheererwa, asi muAustralia neSpain, chinetso chacho chiripo pavadzidzi vanosvika 17 muzana. MuBritain imwe nyanzvi inofungidzira kuti vana vane mamiriyoni 1,3 vanodheererwa.

Purofesa Amos Rolider weEmek Yizre’el College akaongorora vadzidzi 2 972 muzvikoro 21. Maererano neThe Jerusalem Post, purofesa wacho akawana kuti “65 muzana yaigunun’una nezvokurohwa, kubanhwa, kusundwa kana kurwadziswa nevamwe vadzidzi.”

Kumwe kudheerera kutsva uye kunokuvadza zvishoma nezvishoma ndekwokushandisa zvinhu zvemagetsi—kutumira mashoko okutyisidzira neserura uye makombiyuta. Vaduku vanogadzirawo pokubudisira mashoko paindaneti vozadza mashoko okuvenga mumwe munhu, kusanganisira mashoko oupenyu hwake. Maererano naDr. Wendy Craig weQueen’s University kuCanada, kudheerera kwakadai “kunokuvadza kwazvo mwana anenge achizviitirwa.”

Kubasa

Kudheererwa kubasa ndiyo imwe honzeri iri kuwedzera nokukurumidza yezvichemo zvinosanganisira chisimba kubasa. Kutaura zvazviri, dzimwe nyika dzinoshuma kuti zvinoitika chaizvo kudarika rusaruraganda kana kunetswa mune zvepabonde. Gore negore, anenge munhu mumwe chete pavashanu pavashandi vokuUnited States anodheererwa.

MuBritain mushumo wakabudiswa muna 2000 neUniversity of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology wakataura kuti pavashandi 5 300 vemasangano 70, vanokwana 47 muzana vakati vakapupurira zviitiko zvokudheerera mumakore mashanu adarika. Kuongorora kwa1996 kweEuropean Union kwakaitwa nokubvunzurudza vanhu 15 800 vaibva munyika 15 dziri nhengo dzayo, kwakaratidza kuti 8 muzana—vashandi vanenge mamiriyoni 12—vaityisidzirwa kana kuti vaidheererwa.

Zvisinei nokuti kuchikoro here kana kuti kubasa, kudheerera kwose kunoita sokune chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana—kushandiswa kwesimba kukuvadza kana kuti kunyadzisa mumwe munhu. Zvisinei, nei vamwe vanhu vachidheerera vamwe? Zvinoparirei? Uye chii chinogona kuitwa?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 12]

Marudzi Evanodheerera

◼ Vanodheerera Vachirova: Ava vanooneka nyore nyore. Vanoratidza hasha dzavo nokurova, kusaidzira vamwe, kana kubanha wavanodheerera—kana kuti nokukuvadza zvinhu zvavo.

◼ Vanodheerera Nemashoko: Vanoshandisa mashoko kurwadzisa nokunyadzisa wavanodheerera, zvichida nokuvapa mazita emadunhurirwa, kutuka, kana kuti kuramba vachivasveeredza zvinokangaidza.

◼ Vanodheerera Nokuputsa Ukama: Vanoparadzira mashoko asiri iwo ane chokuita nevavanodheerera. Muitiro uyu unowanzoitwa nevakadzi vanodheerera vamwe.

◼ Kutsiva Kwevanodheererwa: Ava ndevaya vanodheererwa vanozodheererawo. Zvechokwadi, kudheererwa kwavo hakuiti kuti zviito zvavo zvinzi zvakanaka; kunongoratidza nei vachidheerera.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kwakabva mashoko: Take Action Against Bullying, rakanyorwa naGesele Lajoie, Alyson McLellan, naCindi Seddon