Oiri—Ine Zvayakanakira Nezvayakaipira Here?
NYIKA dzakabudirira dzinovimba neoiri nezvinogadzirwa nayo kusvika papi? Oiri—negasi rinobva muvhu—zvinokosha kwavari, uye sokutaura kunoita Daniel Yergin mubhuku rake rinonzi The Prize, izvi zvakaparira kuti kuve ne“Nzanga yeHydrocarbon.” Funga nezveoiri inoiswa muzvinodziyisa mumba, girisi, namo, asphalt, nezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari epetroleum—ndege, motokari, zvikepe, zvokunamisa, pendi, mbatya dzekirimbirini, shangu, matoyi, madhayi, aspirin, zvinonhuwirira, zvizoro, madhisiki okurekodhera, makombiyuta, maTV, mafoni. Zuva nezuva vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa zvinhu zvinoverengeka pane zvinopfuura 4 000 zvinobva muoiri kana kuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muupenyu hwemazuva ano zvikuru. Asi zvakadini nengozi ine zvinhu zvacho muupenyu yakaonekwa paoiri kubva pakutanga kwayo?
Mambo “Asingatongi Zvakanaka”
Pakupera kwa1940, apo hondo pakati peRomania neHungary yairatidzika sokuti yakanga yava pedyo, mudzvinyiriri weNazi Adolf Hitler akashanda somuyananisi nokukurumidza. Chaiva chiito chomutsa here? Icho Hitler akanga achida kudzivisa chaizvoizvo ndechokuti matsime eoiri eRomania asave eSoviet Union. Oiri ndiyo zvekare yakanga iri chikonzero chikuru chokurwisa Kuwait kweIraqi muna 1990 uye kubatanidzwa kwedzimwe nyika mukudzorera. Izvi handizvo zvoga zvakaitika. Kazhinji kuda kuva nesimba paoiri ndiko kwave kuchikonzera kurwisana nokutambura.
Oiri haikoshi muupenyu hwemazuva ano bedzi asi yakadzikawo midzi pakati pezvematongerwe enyika uye inofarirwa nevanhu vanoverengeka vane zvinzvimbo. Seizvo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) yakataura munguva pfupi yapfuura, oiri haisi chigadzirwawo zvacho asi “chinhu chine simba pazvirongwa zvemauto.” Oiri yakashandiswa pakati penyika kuti dziwane simba rezvematongerwo enyika, nokuisa zvirango zvoupfumi uye kusadyidzana. Pamusoro pezvo, matsime eoiri, painocheneserwa, nematangi ndizvo zvave zvichinyanya kuda kurwiswa nemagandanga—kazhinji zvichiparira kukuvadzwa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza.
Indasitiri yeoiri ndiyo yave ichipomerwa kuwedzera kuparadza zvakatipoteredza nokubudisa mhepo yakaipa iyo ingangowedzera kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze epasi pose. Maererano nomushumo unobva kuPEMEX (Mexican Petroleums), rimwe remasangano makuru eoiri, zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvinobudiswa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana okucheneswa kwepetroleum. Kunyange zvazvo peturu yakachena iye zvino—anenge makore matanhatu pashure peKyoto Protocol, apo nyika 161 dzakasangana kuti dzitore matanho okuderedza ngozi yokudziya kwepasi pose—vazhinji vanofunga kuti hapana zvakambonyanya kuchinja. Ukuwo, OPEC inotaura kuti “oiri ndiyo musimboti woupfumi nokubudirira kuripo nhasi” munyika dzakawanda. Asi izvi ndizvo zvazviri nguva dzose here?
Vamwe vanotaura pamusoro pengozi dzakaparirwa nokuchera matsime eoiri nokuvakwa kwemapaipi anofambisa oiri. Vamwe vangataura pamusoro penhamba iri kuramba ichiwedzera yevasiri pamabasa muSaudi Arabia, nyika ine oiri kupfuura dzimwe dzose. Alí Rodríguez Araque, purezidhendi weOPEC, anoti: “Hurumende dzenyika dzakabudirira dziri kushandisa kwazvo kuzvipira kwadzinorayira vagadziri, vachenesi nevatengi.”
CorpWatch, sangano rinoita kuti makambani azvidavirire panhau dzakadai sokusabata zvakanaka zvakatipoteredza, rinoti: “Oiri ichiri Mambo. Asi haitongi zvakanaka.”
Nguva yemberi yeoiri ichange yakaita sei?