Mitero Iri Kuwedzera Kusafarirwa Here?
“Kunyange ndikafondoka ndinoibvutirwa.”—Chirevo chevaBhabhironi, munenge muna 2300 B.C.E.
“Munyika ino, hapana chaungava nechokwadi nacho kusara kworufu nemitero.”—Gurukota reUnited States Benjamin Franklin, 1789.
REUBEN anoita basa rokutengesa. Gore roga roga mari inoda kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemari yaanowana inotsakatikira mumitero. “Handioni kuri kuenda mari yose iyi,” anonyunyuta kudaro. “Hurumende zvayava kuderedza mari yainoshandisa, mabasa ainotiitira ava mashoma kupfuura zvati zvamboitika.”
Zvisinei, kunyange tichida tisingadi, mitero ndiwo ava mararamiro. Mumwe munyori anonzi Charles Adams anoti: “Hurumende dzave dzichiteresa dzichishandisa nzira dzakawanda kubvira [pakatanga] upenyu hwokubudirira.” Kazhinji kacho mitero haina kufarirwa uye dzimwe nguva yakakonzera kumukira. Vanhu vekare vokuBritain vakarwisa vaRoma, vachiti: “Zvaizova zvakanaka zvikuru sei kuurayiwa pane kurarama tichibhadhara mitero!” MuFrance kuvenga gabelle, mutero womunyu, kwakakonzera Chimurenga cheFrance, paidimburwa misoro vateresi. Kumukira mitero kwakakonzerawo hondo yorusununguko yeUnited States, payairwisana neEngland.
Hazvishamisi kuti kusafarira mitero kuri kuenderera mberi chinyararire nanhasi. Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti munyika dzichiri kusimukira urongwa hwokutera “hauwanzoshandi zvakanaka” uye “haururamisiri.” Maererano nomumwe mutsvakurudzi, kune imwe nyika ine urombo yomuAfrica yaiva “nemhando dzemitero inodarika 300 yomunharaunda, iyo yainge isingabviri kuitarisira kunyange paive nevashandi vane unyanzvi. Kungava kuti hapana nzira dzakakodzera dzokuiunganidza uye kuitarisira nadzo kana kuti nzira dzacho hadzishandiswi, . . . zvichiita kuti pave nemikana yokuti isashandiswa zvakanaka.” Nhau dzeBBC dzakashuma kuti mune imwe nyika yokuAsia, “vakuru vakuru venyika yacho vakateresa mitero yakawanda . . . kubhadharisa kusiri kwepamutemo—kubvira pamitero yokurima mabhanana kusvika kumitero yokuuraya nguruve—zvichida kuitira [kuwedzera] mari yomunharaunda kana kuti vawane mari yakawanda nokusatendeseka.”
Kusiyana kuri pakati pevapfumi nevarombo kunowedzerawo kusafarira mitero. Rimwe bhuku reSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rinonzi Africa Recovery rinoti: “Mumwe wemisiyano yakawanda mune zvoupfumi pakati penyika dzakasimukira nedzichiri kusimukira ndewokuti nyika dzakasimukira dzinobatsira varimi nemari asi dzichiri kusimukira dzinoteresa varimi. . . . Zvakaongororwa neWorld Bank zvinoratidza kuti kubatsira varimi nemari kunoitwa neUnited States yoga kunoderedza mari yegore negore yokuWest Africa inowanika kubva mudonje rinotengeswa kunze ne[mamiriyoni] US$250 (mabhiriyoni Z$206) pagore.” Saka varimi vari munyika dzichiri kusimukira vangasafarira mitero apo hurumende yavo inotora mitero kubva pamari yavo inenge yagara iri shoma. Mumwe murimi mune imwe nyika yokuAsia anoti: “Pose paiuya [vakuru vakuru vehurumende] kuno tainyatsoziva kuti vaizobvunza mari.”
Kusafarira kwakafanana kwakaoneka nguva ichangodarika iyi muSouth Africa hurumende payakaita kuti varimi vatere mutero wevhu. Varimi vakati vaizokwirira nyaya yacho kudare. Mutero wacho “uchaita kuti varimi vasave nemari uye vashandi vomumapurazi vatonyanya kushaya mabasa,” akadaro mumiririri wevarimi vacho. Dzimwe nguva, kusafarira mitero kunongoguma nechisimba. Nhau dzeBBC dzinoti: “Varimi vaviri [vokuAsia] vakaurayiwa gore rapera pakarwisa mapurisa mumwe musha waiva nevanhu vanozvirimira vaitsutsumwa nezvemitero yakanga yakanyanya kukwirira.”
Kunyange zvakadaro, havasi varombo chete vasingafariri mitero. Imwe ongororo yakaitwa muSouth Africa yakaratidza kuti vateri vakawanda vakapfuma “havadi kuripa mimwe mitero—kunyange izvi zvichireva kutadza kwehurumende kuzonatsiridza mamwe mabasa anenge achikosha kwavari.” Vanhu vanorumbidzwa chaizvo mune zvemimhanzi, mafirimu, mitambo, uye zvematongerwe enyika vakava mumisoro yemapepanhau pamusana pokunzvenga kubhadhara mitero. Bhuku rinonzi The Decline (and Fall?) of the Income Tax rinoti: “Zvinosuwisa kuti vakuru vakuru vedu vehurumende, vatungamiriri venyika, vave vari kurewo pakuratidza muenzaniso wakakwana kuti vanhuwo zvavo vateerere mutemo womutero.”
Zvichida iwe unonzwawo saizvozvo kuti mitero yakanyanya kukwirira, haina kururamisira, uye yakawandisa. Kunyange zvakadaro unofanira kuona sei kubhadhara mitero? Ine chinangwa chaicho here? Nei urongwa hwemitero huchiwanzova hwakaoma uye huchiita sehusina kururamisira? Nyaya dzinotevera dzichaongorora mibvunzo iyi.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]
Munyika dzichiri kusimukira varombo vangatakura mutoro wemitero usina kururamisira
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Godo-Foto