Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 34—Nahumi

Munyori: Nahumi

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Judha

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: 632 B.C.E. asati asvika

1. Chii chinozivikanwa nezveNinevhe rakare?

“CHIREVO chaMwari pamusoro peNinevhe.” (Nah. 1:1) Uporofita hwaNahumi hunotanga naaya mashoko anoshura ngwavaira. Asi neiko akaita iyi ziviso yejambwa? Chii chinozivikanwa nezveNinevhe rakare? Nhau yaro inopfupikiswa naNahumi mumashoko maviri: “guta reropa.” (3:1) Zvikomo zviviri zviri pamhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva yeRwizi rwaTigris mhiri kweguta razvino uno reMosul, kuchamhembe kweIraq, zvinoratidzira nzvimbo yeNinevhe rakare. Rakanga rakasimbiswa zvikuru nemasvingo nemigero uye rakanga riri dzimbahwe roUmambo hweAsiria murutivi rwapashure rwenhau yaro. Zvisinei, mavambo eguta racho anodzokera shure kumazuva aNimirodhi, “mudzimba mukuru pamberi paJehovha. . . . akaenda Asiria, akavaka Ninevhi.” (Gen. 10:9-11) Ninevhe nokudaro rakava namavambo akashata. Rakakurumbira zvikuru mukati mokutonga kwaSargoni, Sanheribhi, Esari-hadhoni, uye Ashurbanipal, munhambo yokupedzisira yoUmambo hweAsiria. Kupfurikidza nehondo nokukunda, rakazvipfumisa rimene nezvakapambwa ndokukurumbiriswa nemhaka yokubata kwoutsinye, kusina tsitsi uko vatongi varo vakaitira nhapwa dzakawanda.a C. W. Ceram, papeji 266 yebhuku rake Gods, Graves and Scholars (1954) anoti: “Ninevhe rakaororwa nokuziva kworudzi rwomunhu nezvisingapfuuri kuponda, kupamba, kudzvinyirira, uye kushatiswa kwavakaneta; kupfurikidza nehondo nomutoo uri wose wemasimba masimba omuviri; kupfurikidza nemabasa emutsara wemadzimambo unoteura ropa wavatongi avo vakadzora vanhu norutyo uye avo kazhinji kazhinji vakagoverwa navakwikwidzi vanorura zvikuru kupfuura ivo vamene.”

2. Rudzidziso rweNinevhe rwakanga rwuri rworudzii?

² Zvakadiniko norudzidziso rweNinevhe? Rainamata boka guru ravamwari, vakawanda vavo vaipinzwa munyika vachibva kuBhabhironi. Vatongi varo vaikumbira ava vamwari sezvo vaibuda kundoparadza nokuuraya, uye vaprista vaiva nemakaro vakanyandura nhimbe dzaro dzorukundo, vachikarira muripo mukuru waibva kuzvinopambwa. Mubhuku rake Ancient Cities (1886, peji 25), W. B. Wright anoti: “Vainamata simba, uye vaitaura minyengetero yavo kune zvidhori zvikuru zveibwe bedzi, shumba nemikono yaiva nemakumbo makuru, mapapiro egondo, uye misoro yavanhu zvakanga zviri zviratidzo zvesimba, ushingi, uye rukundo. Kurwa kwakanga kuri basa rorudzi rwacho, uye vaprista vakanga vari vanyanduri venguva dzose vehondo. Vaitsigirwa zvikuru nezvakapambwa zvorukundo, zvine chikamu chazvo muzana chaivagoverwa nenzira isingachinji-chinji vamwe vasati vagoverana, nokuti iri dzinza ravapambi rakanga richinyanyova rorudzidziso.”

3. (a) Revo yezita raNahumi yakakodzera munzirai? (b) Uporofita hwaNahumi ndehwenhambo ipi?

³ Uporofita hwaNahumi, kunyange zvazvo hwakapfupika, hwakazadzwa nefariro. Zvatinoziva bedzi nezvomuporofita wacho amene zviri mundima yokutanga, kuti: “Bhuku yezvakaonekwa naNahumi muErkoshi.” Zita rake (chiHebheru, Na·chumʹ) rinoreva kuti “Munyaradzi.” Shoko rake zvirokwazvo rakanga risiri nyaradzo kuNinevhe, asi kuvanhu vaMwari vechokwadi, rakagovera nhambo yerusununguko rwechokwadi nerunogarisa pamuvengi ane utsinye neane simba. Kunonyaradzawo kuti Nahumi haadudzi zvivi zvavanhu vake amene. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yeErkoshi isingazivikanwi chaizvoizvo, kunoratidzika kuva kunobvira kuti uporofita hwacho hwakanyorerwa muna Judha. (Nah. 1:15) Kuwa kweNinevhe, uko kwakaitika muna 632 B.C.E., kwakanga kuchiri munguva yemberi apo Nahumi akanyora uporofita hwake, uye anoenzanisa ichi chiitiko nokuwa kweNo-amoni (Thebes, muEgipita) uko kwakaitika chinguvana ikoku kusati kwaitika. (3:8) Nokudaro, Nahumi anofanira kuve akanyora uporofita hwake pane imwe nguva mukati meiyi nhambo.

4. Mavarai okunyora ari pachena mubhuku raNahumi?

⁴ Munyorerwo webhuku racho wakatsaukana. Harina mashoko okuwedzera. Simba raro nouchokwadi zvinowirirana nokuva kwaro rutivi rwamanyoro akafuridzirwa. Nahumi anokunda mumutauro unorondedzera, wemirangariro, uye unoshamisa, pamwe chete nomukutaura kune chiremera, kujeka kwomutauro wokufananidzira, uye mashoko akajeka nenzira inoshamisa. (1:2-8, 12-14; 2:4, 12; 3:1-5, 13-15, 18, 19) Zhinjisa reganhuro rokutanga rinoratidzika kuva riri mumunyorerwo wenhetembwa ine mavara anotevedzaniswa munhevedzano yearufabheti. (1:8, NW, mashoko omuzasi) Munyorero waNahumi unonatswa nokuva mumwe kwomusoro wake. Anosema chose chose muvengi anonyengera waIsraeri. Hapana chinhu chaanoona kunze kwejambwa reNinevhe.

5. Chii chinobvumikisa uchokwadi hwouporofita hwaNahumi?

⁵ Uchokwadi hwouporofita hwaNahumi hunobvumikiswa noururami hwokuzadzikwa kwahwo. Muzuva raNahumi, ndianizve kunze kwomuporofita waJehovha aizodai akashinga kufanozivisa kuti dzimbahwe raidada resimba renyika reAsiria raigona kupazwa pa“masuo enzizi,” imba yaro yamambo kuparadzwa, uye iro rimene kuva risina “chinhu, rinoshayiwa zvose, rava dongo”? (2:6-10) Zviitiko zvakatevera zvakaratidza kuti uporofita hwacho zvirokwazvo hwakafuridzirwa naMwari. Zvinyorwa zvenhau zvamambo weBhabhironi Nabopolassar zvinorondedzera kutapwa kweNinevhe navaMedhia navaBhabhironi: “Guta racho [vakariita] zvikomo zvamatongo nemi[rwi (yamarara) . . . ].”b Matongo eNinevhe akanga akakwana kwazvo zvokuti kunyange nzvimbo yaro yakakanganwika kwamazana amakore akawanda. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakasvika pakunyomba Bhaibheri pairi pfundo, vachitaura kuti Ninevhe yaisagona kutongove yakavako.

6. Chii chakafukunurwa panzvimbo yeNinevhe rakare chinoratidzira ururami hwaNahumi?

⁶ Zvisinei, kuwedzerazve kuufakazi hwouchokwadi hwaNahumi, nzvimbo yeNinevhe yakawanwa, uye kuchera kwakavambwa ikoko muzana ramakore rechi19. Kwakafungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni amatani evhu aizofanira kubviswa kurichera chose chose. Chii chakafukunurwa muNinevhe? Zvakawanda izvo zvinotsigira ururami hwouporofita hwaNahumi! Somuenzaniso, mifananidzo yaro nemanyoro zvinopupurira utsinye hwaro, uye mune zvisaririra zvezvidhori zvikuru zvemikono ine mapapiro neshumba. Hakushamisi kuti Nahumi akataura nezvaro se“nzvimba yeshumba”!—2:11.c

7. Chii chinotsigira kuva romundaza yamanyoro matsvene kwebhuku raNahumi?

⁷ Kuva romundaza yamanyoro matsvene kwebhuku raNahumi kunoratidzwa nokugamuchirwa navaJudha kwebhuku racho sorutivi rwaMagwaro akafuridzirwa. Rinotsinhirana chose chose nerutivi rwose rwasara rweBhaibheri. Uporofita hwacho hunotaurwa muzita raJehovha, ane mavara noukuru zvarinopa chipupuriro chakajeka.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RANAHUMI

8. Ijambwai rinoziviswa nokuda kweNinevhe, asi mashokoi akanaka nokuda kwaJudha?

⁸ Ziviso yaJehovha pamusoro peNinevhe (1:1-15). “Jehovha ndiye Mwari une godo, unotsiva.” Naaya mashoko muporofita anogadzirira nokuda kwe“chirevo chaMwari pamusoro peNinevhe.” (1:1, 2) Kunyange zvazvo Jehovha achinonoka kutsamwa, muone zvino sezvo anoratidzira matsive kupfurikidza nemhepo nedutu. Makomo anozungunuka, zvikomo zvinonyunguduka, uye pasi rinosimuka. Ndiani anogona kumira pamberi pokupisa kwehasha dzake? Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, Jehovha inhare nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka utiziro maari. Asi Ninevhe rakashurikidzwa. Richaparadzwa namafashamo, uye “nhamo haingamukizve rwechipiri.” (1:9) Jehovha uchabvisa zita raro navamwari varo. Uchariviga. Mumhesano inozorodza, kune mashoko akanaka nokuda kwaJudha! Ndeapi? Muzivisi worugare anovakumbira kuchengeta mitambo yavo ndokuripa mhiko dzavo, nokuti muvengi, “wakaipa,” wakashurikidzwa. “Wakaparadzwa chose.”—1:15.

9. Chionoi chouporofita chatinowana chokukurirwa kweNinevhe?

⁹ Kufanoonwa kwokuparadzwa kweNinevhe (2:1–3:19). Nahumi anopa denho yokunyomba kuNinevhe kuti rizvisimbise rimene pamusoro pemuparadzi anouya. Jehovha uchaunganidzazve vake amene, ‘rudado rwaJakobho nerwaIsraeri.’ Ona nhoo nenguo tsvuku dzavarume vake vakasimba zvikuru nematare anopenya e“ngoro [yake] yehondo muzuva rokugadzirira kwake”! Ngoro dzehondo “dzinoramba dzichifamba noupengo” mumigwagwa, dzichimhanya sokupenya. (2:2-4, NW) Zvino tinowana chiono chouporofita chehondo yacho. VaNinevhe vanogumburwa uye vanokurumidza kudzivirira rusvingo asi pasina maturo. Mikova yerwizi inozaruka, imba yamambo inonyangarika, uye varandasikana vanochema ndokurova zvipfuva zvavo. Varume vanotiza vanorayirwa kumira, asi hapana munhu anocheuka. Guta rinopambwa uye rinoitwa dongo. Mwoyo inonyunguduka. Iyi nzvimba yeshumba iri kupiko zvino? Shumba yakazadza bako rayo nezvayairumira vana vayo, asi Jehovha anozivisa, kuti: “Ndine mhaka nemi.” (2:13) Hungu, Jehovha uchapisa hondo yeNinevhe, kutumira munondo kuti uparadze shumba duku dzaro, uye kubvisa zvarakapamba papasi.

10. Ninevhe rinoratidzirwa sechii, uye mugumo waro unorondedzerwazve sei?

¹⁰ “Guta reropa rine nhamo! Rizere nenhema nokupamba.” Inzwa kurira kwetyava nokutinhira kwevhiri. Ona bhiza rinomhanya, ngoro inokwakuka, mutasvi webhiza akatasva, kupenya kwomunondo, uye kuvaima kwepfumo—uye ipapo, murwi mukuru wezvitunha. “Zvitunha hazviperi.” (3:1, 3) Uye neiko? Imhaka yokuti rakaisa mumusungo marudzi noupombwe hwaro uye mhuri nouroyi hwaro. Kechipiri Jehovha anozivisa, kuti: “Ndine mhaka newe.” (3:5) Ninevhe richaratidzirwa semhombwe uye richaparadzwa, mugumo waro usingavi uri nani kupfuura uyo weNo-amoni (Thebes), iro Asiria yakatapa. Nhare dzaro dzakafanana namaonde akaibva, “kana [a]chizuzwa, anowira mumuromo wounodya.” (3:12) Varwi varo vakafanana nevakadzi. Hapana chinhu chinogona kuponesa Ninevhe pamwoto nomunondo. Varindiri varo vachatiza sebumha remhashu pazuva rinopisa, uye vanhu varo vachaparadzirwa. Mambo weAsiria achaziva kuti hakuna rusununguko, uyewo hakuna kuporeswa nokuda kweiyi ngwavaira. Vose avo vanonzwa mushumo wacho vachaombera maoko avo, nokuti vose vakatambura ushati hweAsiria.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

11. Inheyoi huru dzeBhaibheri dzinoratidzirwa muna Nahumi?

¹¹ Uporofita hwaNahumi hunoratidzira dzimwe dzenheyo dzinokosha dzeBhaibheri. Mashoko okutanga echiono chacho anodzokorora chikonzero chaMwari chokupa wechipiri weMirayiro Gumi: “Jehovha ndiMwari anoda kuzvipira kwakazara.” (NW) Nokukurumidza pashure pacho anozivisa uchokwadi hwoku“tsiva [kwake] vadzivisi vake.” Rudado rwoutsinye rweAsiria navamwari vechihedheni zvaisagona kuriponesa pakuitwa kworutongeso rwaJehovha. Tinogona kuva nechivimbo chokuti munguva yakafanira Jehovha achaita nenzira yakafanana ruramisiro kuvakaipa vose. “Jehovha haakurumidzi kutsamwa, une simba guru, haangatongopembedzi une mhosva.” Nokudaro ruramisiro yaJehovha noukuru zvinokwidziridzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu okuparadza kwake Asiria ine simba. Ninevhe rakava ri“sina chinhu, rinoshayiwa zvose, rava dongo!”—1:2, 3; 2:10.

12. Nahumi anozivisa kudzorerwai, uye uporofita hwake hungabatanidzwa sei netariro yoUmambo?

¹² Mukupesana noku‘paradzwa chose chose’ kweNinevhe, Nahumi anozivisa kudzorerwa kwo‘rudado rwaJakobho nerwaIsraeri.’ Jehovha anotumirawo mashoko anofadza kuvanhu vake: “Tarirai pamakomo tsoka dzounouya namashoko akanaka, unoparidza rugare!” Aya mashoko orugare ane batano noUmambo hwaMwari. Tinoziva sei ikoku? Kuri pachena nemhaka yokushandisa kwaIsaya kutaura kumwe cheteko, asi kwaanowedzera mashoko okuti: “Unouya namashoko akanaka ezvinhu zvakanaka, unoparidza ruponeso, unoti kuZioni: Mwari wako unobata ushe!” (Nah. 1:15; 2:2; Isa. 52:7) Uyewo, muapostora Pauro pana VaRoma 10:15 anoshandisa kutaura kwacho kuavo Jehovha anotuma sevaparidzi vechiKristu vamashoko akanaka. Ivava vanozivisa “mashoko akanaka oumambo.” (Mat. 24:14, NW) Maererano nezita rake, Nahumi anogovera nyaradzo huru nokuda kwavose vanotsvaka rugare noruponeso zvinouya noUmambo hwaMwari. Vose ivava zvirokwazvo vachawana kuti ‘Jehovha akanaka, inhare muzuva renhamo nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka utiziro maari.’—Nah. 1:7.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]