Kune Upenyu Here Pashure Porufu?
“Nokuti muti kana uchinge watemwa, kune tariro kuti uchabudazve, . . . Kana munhu achinge afa angararamazve here?”—MOSESI, MUPOROFITA WEKARE.
PANE imwe kambani inotarisira zvitunha muNew York City, shamwari nemhuri vanoita mudungwe chinyararire vachipfuura nepabhokisi rakavhurwa. Vanoti ndee mutumbi wacho, uya wemukomana ane makore 17 okukura. Shamwari dzake dzokuchikoro dzave kutotadza kumuyeuka. Mishonga yokurapa yakamuundura bvudzi; kenza yamupedza muviri. Iyi inogona kuva shamwari yavo chaizvoizvo here? Mwedzi mishomanene yapfuura, akanga akazara kwazvo nemazano, nemibvunzo, nesimba—neupenyu! Mai vakaora mwoyo vemukomana wacho vanoedza kuwana tariro nenyaradzo mupfungwa yokuti neimwe nzira mwanakomana wavo achiri kurarama. Nemisodzi vanodzokorora vadzokororazve zvavakadzidziswa vachiti: “Tommy ave kufara zvikuru zvino. Mwari aida kuti Tommy anogara naye mudenga.”
2 Anenge makiromita 11 000 kubva ipapo, muJamnagar, India, vanakomana vatatu vemuzvinabhizimusi ane makore 58 okukura vanobetsera kuradzika chitunha chababa vavo pamurwi wematanda okupisa mitumbi. Muzuva remangwanani makuru rakajeka, mwanakomana mukurusa anovamba gadziriro yokupisa nokutungidza matanda ehuni nemwenje ndokudira muvhenganiswa wezvinonhuwira zvakaisvonaka nerusenzi pamutumbi usina upenyu wababa vake. Kuputika kwemwoto kunokundwa nokutaura kunodzokororwa kwevaBrahman teterero dzechiSanskrit dzinoreva kuti: “Mweya usingatongofi ngaupfuurire munhamburiko dzawo dzokuva chaiwoiwo pakupedzisira.”
3 Sezvo vakomana vatatu vanocherechedza kutsva uku, mumwe nomumwe anozvibvunza chinyararire kuti, ‘Ndinodavira kuti kune upenyu pashure porufu here?’ Sezvo vakadzidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika, vanopa mhinduro dzakasiyana. Mudukusa wacho anonzwa ane chivimbo chokuti baba vavo vanodiwa vachaberekerwazve kuupenyu hwakakwirira zvikuru. Mukomana wepakati anodavira kuti vakafa vakaita sevakarara, hapana chavanoziva chose chose. Mukurusa wacho anongoedza kugamuchira rufu sezvarwuri, nokuti anofunga kuti hapana munhu anogona kuziva zvechokwadi zvinoitika kwatiri patinofa.
Mubvunzo Mumwe, Mhinduro Zhinji
4 Kune upenyu pashure porufu here? mubvunzo wakanetsa rudzi rwomunhu kwezviuru zvemakore. “Kunyange vafundisi vanonetseka apo vanotarisana [nawo],” anodaro Hans Küng, nyanzvi yechiKaturike. Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vemunzanga dzose vakafungisisa nhau yacho, uye mhinduro dzinokarakadzwa hadziperi.
5 VaKristu vezita vazhinji vanodavira kuti kune denga nehero. VaHindu, kune rumwe rutivi, vanodavira mukuberekwazve. Achitsinhira pamusoro pemurangariro wechiMuslim, Amir Muawiyah, mubetseri pamuzinda werudzidziso weIslam, anoti: “Tinodavira kuti kuchave nezuva rorutongeso pashure porufu, apo unoenda pamberi paMwari, Allah, zvinenge zvakangofanana nokupinda mudare.” Maererano nechitendero chechiIslam, Allah ipapo achanzvera upenyu hwemunhu wose ndokutumira munhu kuparadhiso kana kuti kuhero yemoto.
6 MuSri Lanka, vose vari vaviri vaBuddha nevaKaturike vanosiya masuo nemahwindo zvakavhurika zvikuru apo rufu runoitika mumhuri yavo. Rambi remafuta rinotungidzwa, uye bhokisi rinogadzikwa tsoka dzomufi dzakatarisa kusuo remberi. Vanodavira kuti miitiro iyi inobetsera kubuda kwomudzimu, kana kuti mweya, wemufi mumba macho.
7 VaAborigine veAustralia, anodaro Ronald M. Berndt, weUniversity of Western Australia, vanodavira kuti “vanhu havaparadziki mumudzimu.” Mamwe marudzi eAfrica anodavira kuti pashure porufu vanhuwo zvavo vanova zvipoko, nepo vanhu vane mukurumbira vachiva midzimu yevakare, vanozokudzwa nokukumbirwa sevatungamiriri vasingaonekwi venzanga.
8 Mune dzimwe nyika, zvitendero pamusoro peinofungidzirwa kuva mweya yevakafa mubatanidzwa wegamuchidzanwa romunzvimbomo nechiKristu chezita. Somuenzaniso, pakati pevaKaturike vazhinji nevaPurotesitendi vari muWest Africa, itsika kufukidza zvionioni apo mumwe munhu anofa kuitira kuti pasava nomumwe munhu angatarisa ndokuona mudzimu wemunhu akafa. Ipapo, mazuva 40 pashure porufu rwomunhu anodiwa, mhuri neshamwari dzinopemberera kukwira kwomweya kudenga.
Musoro Wakafanana
9 Mhinduro dzemubvunzo pamusoro pechinoitika patinofa dzasiyana-siyana setsika nezvitendero zvevanhu vanodzipa. Bva, marudzidziso mazhinjisa anobvumirana papfungwa imwe inokosha: Chimwe chinhu chiri mumunhu—mweya, mudzimu, dzangaradzimu—hachifi uye chinopfuurira kurarama pashure porufu.
10 Kudavira kuti mweya haufi kuri muzviuru zvemarudzidziso echiKristudhomu nemasekete anenge ose zvawo. Idzidziso yapamutemo yechiJudhawo. MuchiHindu chitendero ichi ndicho faundesheni chaiyo yedzidziso yokuberekwazve. VaMuslim vanodavira kuti mweya unovapo pamwe chete nomutumbi asi unopfuurira kurarama pashure pokunge mutumbi wafa. Zvimwe zvitendero—kudavira kuti zvinhu zvose zvine mweya kweAfrica, chiShinto, uye kunyange chiBuddha—zvinodzidzisa zvakasiya-siyana pamusoro mumwe chete uyu.
11 Vamwe vane murangariro wakapesana, wokuti upenyu hwokuziva hunogumira parufu. Kwavari, pfungwa yokuti upenyu hwemurangariro uye hweungwaru hunopfuurira mumweya usiri munhu, wakaita somumvuri wakaparadzana nomutumbi hairatidziki seine mufungo. Mumwe munyori wechiSpanish wemuzana ramakore rechi20 uye nyanzvi Miguel de Unamuno anonyora kuti: “Kudavira kuti mweya haufi kushuva kuti mweya ungasafa, asi kukushuva zvakasimba zvakadaro zvokuti chido ichi chinoita kuti munhu asafunga.” Pakati peavo vakaramba kudavira kuti munhu haafi pane vazivi vekare vakakurumbira Aristotle naEpicurus, chiremba Hippocrates, muzivi wechiScottish David Hume, nyanzvi yeArabia Averroës, uye mutungamiriri wehurumende wokutanga weIndia pashure pokuzvitonga, Jawaharlal Nehru.
12 Mubvunzo, zvino, ndewokuti, Tine mweya usingafi chaizvoizvo here? Kana mweya uchifa chaizvoizvo, ipapo dzidziso yenhema yakadaro ingagona sei kuva rutivi runokosha rwemarudzidziso mazhinjisa anhasi? Pfungwa yacho yakavambira kupi? Uye kana mweya uchiguma chaizvoizvo kuvapo parufu, itariroi ingagona kuvapo nokuda kwevakafa?
13 Tinogona kuwana mhinduro dzechokwadi nedzinogutsa dzemibvunzo yakadaro here? Hongu! Iyi nemimwe mibvunzo ichapindurwa mumapeji ari kutevera. Kutanga, ngatinzverei kuti dzidziso yokuti mweya haufi yakavamba sei.
[Mibvunzo Yechidzidzo]
1-3. Vazhinji vanotsvaka sei nyaradzo apo vanofirwa nomunhu wavanoda?
4. Mubvunzo upi wakanetsa rudzi rwemunhu kwemazana emakore?
5-8. Marudzidziso akasiyana-siyana anodzidzisei pamusoro peupenyu pashure porufu?
9, 10. Marudzidziso mazhinjisa anobvumirana pachitendero chipi chikuru?
11. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinorangarira sei pfungwa yokuti mweya haufi?
12, 13. Mibvunzoi inokosha inomuka pamusoro pedzidziso yokuti mweya haufi?