Madzimambo Ane Simba Anorwisa Nyika Yakapikirwa
Umambo hweBhabhironi/Asiria
SAMARIYA, guta guru roumambo hwokumusoro hweIsraeri, rakatorwa nevaAsiriya muna 740 B.C.E. VaIsraeri vakabva vatanga kutongwa neumambo hune utsinye. Asiriya yaiva nechokumusoro kunogumira mapani eMesopotamiya, pedyo neTigirisi, rumwe rwenzizi huru dzeFertile Crescent. Nimrodhi ndiye akanga atanga kuvaka Ninivhi neKara, maguta makuru eAsiriya. (Ge 10:8-12) Mumazuva aSharimaneseri III, Asiriya yakawedzera nyika dzayaitonga nechekumadokero, ichienda munzvimbo dzine mvura uye dzakaorera dzeSiriya uye kuchamhembe kweIsraeri.
Paitonga Mambo Tigrati-pireseri III (Puri), anotaurwa muBhaibheri, Asiriya yakatanga kudzvinyirira Israeri. Kurwisa kwayaiita kwakasvikawo nekuJudha yaiva kumaodzanyemba. (2Mad 15:19; 16:5-18) Nokufamba kwenguva, “mvura” yaifashukira yeAsiriya yakapararira kusvika yapinda muJudha, ikapedzisira yasvika muguta guru, Jerusarema.—Isa 8:5-8.
Mambo weAsiriya Saniheribhi akapinda muJudha nechisimba muna 732 B.C.E. (2Mad 18:13, 14) Akaparadza maguta 46 evaJudha, akanga ari muruwa rweShefera akakomberedza Jerusarema kusanganisira Rakishi. Sezvinoratidzwa pamepu, izvi zvakaita kuti mauto ake akombe guta guru reJudha, Jerusarema. Mune zvaakanyora, Saniheribhi aitaura achizvikudza kuti akanga aita Hezekiya “seshiri yakavharirwa” asi nhoroondo yeAsiriya haitauri nezvekurakashwa kwemauto aSaniheribhi nengirozi yaMwari.—2Mad 18:17-36; 19:35-37.
Kutonga kweUmambo hweAsiriya kwakanga kwava pedyo nekuguma. VaMedhiya, vaigara nechepakati pemakomo enyika yava kunzi Iran, vakatanga kurwisa uto rakanga rasara revaAsiriya. Izvi zvakaita kuti Asiriya imbosiya kurwisa nharaunda dzaiva kumadokero kwayo, idzo dzakanga dzatangawo kuipandukira. Panguva iyi, VaBhabhironi vakanga vachiwedzera kusimba, zvokuti vakatotapa guta reAsuri. Muna 632 B.C.E., Ninivhi, “guta reropa,” rakakundwa nomubatanidzwa wevaBhabhironi, vaMedhiya, nevaSitiya, vanhu vaida zvehondo vaibva nechokumusoro kweGungwa Dema. Izvi zvakazadzisa uprofita hwaNahumi naZefaniya.—Na 3:1; Zef 2:13.
Utongi hweAsiriya hwakaperera paHarani. Pavakarwiswa neuto revaBhabhironi rakanga risingadzoke shure, vakaedza kumboshingirira vachimirira kuti vazobatsirwa nevaIjipiti. Asi achikwidza kuchamhembe, Farao Neko akarwiswa paMegidho naJosiya Mambo waJudha. (2Mad 23:29) Neko paakazosvika kuHarani, zvakanga zvisisabatsire nekuti Umambo hweAsiriya hwakanga hwatokundwa.
Umambo hweBhabhironi
Mashoko okuti “mapindu anorembera” anokufungisa nezveguta ripi? Haufungi here nezveBhabhironi, guta guru renyika ine simba yainziwo Bhabhironi, uye rinotaurwa nouprofita seshumba ine mapapiro? (Dha 7:4) Guta iroro raizivikanwa kwazvo noupfumi hwaro, zvokutengeserana, kubudirira mune zvechitendero uye zvouzivi hwenyeredzi. Umambo hwacho hwaiva mumapani eMesopotamiya, pakati peRwizi rweTigirisi neYufratesi. Rwizi rwaYufratesi rwaipfuura nepakati peguta iri, uye masvingo aro aiita kuti riite serisingapindiki.
VaBhabhironi vakagadzira nzira dzevashambadzi dzaipfuura nomurenje rine matombo rokuchamhembe kweArabhiya. Mambo Nabhonidhasi akambogara kuTema achisiya Bheshazari achitonga muBhabhironi.
Bhabhironi rakakunda Kenani katatu. Nebhukadhinezari akunda vaIjipiti paKakemishi muna 625 B.C.E., akabva ananga kumaodzanyemba achienda kuHamati, kwaakanokundazve vaIjipiti vakanga vachitiza. VaBhabhironi vakabva vadzika nemupata une rukova weIjipiti vachiparadza nzvimbo dzavaipfuura nemadziri, kusanganisira Ashkeroni. (2Mad 24:7; Jer 47:5-7) Panguva iyi Judha yakabva yava pasi peBhabhironi.— 2Mad 24:1.
Mambo Jehoyakimu weJudha akapandukira Bhabhironi muna 618 B.C.E. Bhabhironi rakabva ratumira mauto emarudzi aiva pedyo kunorwisa Judha, uye mauto aro pacharo akapinda nechisimba muJerusarema akarikunda. Pasina nguva izvi zvaitika, Mambo Zedhekiya akabatana neumambo hweIjipiti izvo zvakashatirisa Bhabhironi. Vakapindazve nechisimba vakatanga kuparadza maguta eJudha. (Jer 34:7) Nebhukadhinezari akazoita kuti uto rake rinange kuJerusarema, achibva azorikunda muna 607 B.C.E.—2Mak 36:17-21; Jer 39:10.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 23]
MABHUKU EBHAIBHERI AKANYORWA PANGUVA IYI:
Hosiya
Isaya
Mika
Zvirevo (mamwe mabhuku acho)
Zefaniya
Nahumi
Habhakuki
Mariro
Obhadhiya
Ezekieri
1 na2 Madzimambo
Jeremiya
[Mepu iri papeji 23]
(Kana uchida kuona zvayakaita, ona bhuku racho)
Umambo hweBhabhironi/Asiriya
Umambo hweAsiriya
B4 Memfisi (Nofi)
B4 Zoani
B5 IJIPITI
C2 KUPRO (KITIMU)
C3 Sidhoni
C3 Tire
C3 Megidho
C3 Samariya
C4 Jerusarema
C4 Ashkeroni
C4 Rakishi
D2 Harani
D2 Kakemishi
D2 Apadhi
D2 Hamati
D3 Ribra
D3 SIRIYA
D3 Dhamasiko
E2 Gozani
E2 MESOPOTAMIYA
F2 MINI
F2 ASIRIYA
F2 Khorsabad
F2 Ninivhi
F2 Kara
F2 Asuri
F3 BHABHIRONI
F3 Bhabhironi
F4 KADHEYA
F4 Ereki
F4 Uri
G3 Shushani
G4 ERAMU
Umambo hweBhabhironi
C3 Sidhoni
C3 Tire
C3 Megidho
C3 Samariya
C4 Jerusarema
C4 Ashkeroni
C4 Rakishi
D2 Harani
D2 Kakemishi
D2 Apadhi
D2 Hamati
D3 Ribra
D3 SIRIYA
D3 Dhamasiko
D5 Tema
E2 Gozani
E2 MESOPOTAMIYA
E4 ARABHIYA
F2 MINI
F2 ASIRIYA
F2 Khorsabad
F2 Ninivhi
F2 Kara
F2 Asuri
F3 BHABHIRONI
F3 Bhabhironi
F4 KADHEYA
F4 Ereki
F4 Uri
G3 Shushani
G4 ERAMU
[Dzimwe nzvimbo]
G2 MEDHIYA
Migwagwa Mikuru (Ona bhuku racho)
[Mvura zhinji]
B3 Gungwa reMediterranean (Gungwa Guru)
C5 Gungwa Dzvuku
H1 Gungwa reCaspian
H5 Persian Gulf
[Nzizi]
B5 Nire
E2 Yufratesi
F3 Tigirisi
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]
Tell Lachish
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]
Zvakanga zvakaita Megidho yekare
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga zvakaita mapindu anorembera eBhabhironi