Kunamatwa kwaMai-Mwarikadzi Kuchiri Kupenyu Here?
KUNAMATWA kwamai-mwarikadzi kwakanga kuchiri kushandiswa mukati mamazuva amaKristu apakuvamba. Muapostora Pauro akasangana nako muEfeso muAsia Minor. SomuAtene, rimwe guta rinonamata mwarikadzi, iye akanga apupurira “Mwari wakasika nyika,” Musiki mupenyu, uyo asina “kufanana nendarama kana sirivheri kana ibwe, kufanana nezvakavezwa noumhizha kana kuchenjera kwomunhu.” Ikoku kwakanga kwakanyanyisa nokuda kwavaEfeso, vazhinjisa vavo vainamata mai-mwarikadzi Dhiana. Avo vaiwana zvokurarama nazvo nokugadzira nzvimbo dzinokudzwa dzesirivheri dzamwarikadzi vakanyandura chimurenga. Kwaanenge maawa maviri, boka rakadanidzira, richiti: “Dhiana wavaEfeso mukuru!”—Mabasa 17:24, 29; 19:26, 34.
Dhiana weEfeso
VaGiriki vainamatawo Dhiana, asi Dhiana ainamatwa muEfeso anogona bedzi kungoziviswawo zvake naye. Dhiana wechiGiriki akanga ari mwarikadzi mhandara wokuvhima nokubereka vana. Dhiana weEfeso akanga ari mwarikadzi woruzvaro. Tembere yake hombe yaiva paEfeso yairangarirwa sechimwe chezvishamiso zvinomwe zvenyika. Chidhori chake, chaifungidzirwa kuva chakadonha chichibva kudenga, chaimumirira soruzvaro runotaurwa somunhu, chifuva chake chichiva chakafukidzwa nemitsara yamazamu akaita samazai. Chimiro chechienzi chamazamu iwaya chakaparira tsananguro dzakasiana-siana, dzakadai seyokuti anomirira maruva amazai kana kuti kunyange masvada ehandira. Ipi kana ipi ingava tsananguro yacho, chiratidzo choruzvaro chiri pachena.
Nenzira inofadza, mukuwirirana neThe New Encyclopædia Britannica, chidhori chapakuvamba chamwarikadzi iyeyu “chakanga chakagadzirwa nendarama, danda rakasimba, sirivheri, uye ibwe dema.” Chidhori chinosanozivikanwa chaDhiana weEfeso, chinovambira muzana ramakore rechipiri N.V., chinomuratidza ane chiso chitema, maoko, uye tsoka.
Mufananidzo waDhiana wairatidzirwa mumigwagwa. Nyanzvi yeBhaibheri R. B. Rackham inonyora, kuti: “Mukati metembere [yaDhiana mai]chengeterwa . . . mifananidzo yake, nzvimbo dzinokudzwa, uye midziyo inoyera, yendarama nesirivheri, iyo pamitambo mikuru yaiendeswa kuguta nokudzokeswa mukufora kwakaisvonaka.” Mitambo iyoyi yaikwezva mazana ezviuru avanoshanyira nzvimbo dzinoyera vaibva kuAsia Minor yose. Ivo vaitenga nzvimbo tsvene duku dzamwarikadzi ndokumurumbidza somukuru, mukadzi wavo, mambokadzi, mhandara, “uyo anoteerera uye anogamuchira minyengetero.” Mumhoteredzo dzakadaro, kwaida ushingi hukuru kuti Pauro namaKristu apakuvamba varumbidze “Mwari wakasika nyika,” panzvimbo pavamwari navamwarikadzi vakagadzirwa “nendarama, kana sirivheri, kana ibwe.”
Akabva Pakuva Mai-Mwarikadzi Kukuva “Mai vaMwari”
Kwakanga kuri kuvakuru veungano yechiKristu yeEfeso uko muapostora Pauro akadeya kutaura kuwa pakutenda. Iye akanyevera kuti vawi pakutenda vaizomuka ndokutaura “zvinopesanisa.” (Mabasa 20:17, 28-30) Pakati penjodzi dzaivandira nguva dzose muEfeso paiva nokudzokera kukunamatwa kwamai-mwarikadzi. Ikoku kwakaitika chaizvoizvo here?
Tinorava muNew Catholic Encyclopedia, kuti: “Senzvimbo inoyera, Efeso yairangarirwa kuva nzvimbo yakavigirwa [muapostora] Johane. . . . Rimwe gamuchidzanwa, rakapupurirwa neDare reEfeso (431), rinobatanidza Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Maria naSt. John. Horo hombe umo Dare rakaitwa yakadanwa kunzi Chechi yaMaria.” Rimwe bhuku reKaturike (Théo—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique) rinotaura nezve“gamuchidzanwa ringabvira” rokuti Maria akaperekedza Johane kuEfeso, kwaakapedzera hwasara hwose hwoupenyu hwake. Neiko iyi batano inofungidzirwa pakati peEfeso naMaria ichikosha kwatiri nhasi?
The New Encyclopædia Britannica ngaipindure: “Kukudzwa kwamai vaMwari kwakagamuchira simba rako apo Chechi yechiKristu yakava chechi youmambo pasi paConstantine uye voruzhinji vechihedheni vakadirana muchechi yacho. . . . Utsvene hwavo nokungwarira kworudzidziso zvakanga zvaumbwa kwamamireniyumu kupfurikidza nechitendero chamwarikadzi ‘mai mukuru’ ne‘mhandara youmwari,’ chinoitika chakabva kumarudzidziso ekare akakurumbira eBhabhironi neAsiria.” Inzvimboi iri nani yaigona kuvapo kupfuura Efeso yokuita kuti kunamatwa kwamai-mwarikadzi “kuve kwechiKristu”?
Nokudaro, makanga muri muEfeso, muna 431 N.V., umo rinodanwa kunzi dare rechitatu rechechi yose yechiKristu rakati Maria ndi“Theotokos,” shoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “Mubereki waMwari,” kana kuti “Mai vaMwari.” New Catholic Encyclopedia inoti: “Kushandiswa kwezita rokuremekedza irori neChechi kwakanga kwakasimba nenzira isingapanikirwi kukukura mumazana amakore apashure kwedzidziso yaMaria nokuzvipira.”
Matongo e“Chechi yaMaria Mhandara,” uko dare irori rakasangana, achiri kugona kuoneka nhasi panzvimbo yeEfeso yekare. Chechi duku inogonawo kushanyirwa iyo, mukuwirirana negamuchidzanwa, yakanga iri imba umo Maria akagara ndokufira. Papa Paul VI akashanyira nzvimbo idzodzi dzinokudzwa dzaMaria muEfeso muna 1967.
Hungu, Efeso yakanga iri nzvimbo inokosha nokuda kwokushandurwa kwokunamatwa kwamai-mwarikadzi kwechihedheni, kwakadai sokwakasangana naPauro muzana rokutanga ramakore, mukuva kuzvipira kune mbavarira kuna Maria sa“Mai vaMwari.” Zvikurukuru kuri kupfurikidza nokuzvipira kuna Maria kuti kunamatwa kwamai-mwarikadzi kwakapfuurira munyika dzechiKristudhomu.
Kunamatwa kwaMai-Mwarikadzi Kuchiri Kupenyu
Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics inodudza nyanzvi yeBhaibheri W. M. Ramsay saanorangarira kuti mu“zana ramakore rechi 5 rukudzo rwaipiwa kuna Maria Mhandara paEfeso rwakanga rwuri chimiro [chakamutsidzirwa] chokunamatwa kwekare kwechiAnatolia kwechihedheni kwaMai Mhandara.” The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology inoti: “Mifungo yeKaturike ya‘mai vaMwari’ neya‘mambokadzi wedenga,’ kunyange zvazvo iri pashure peT[estamente] I[tsva], inonongedzera kumavambo apakuvamba zvikuru orudzidziso nenhau muMabvazuva. . . . Mukukudzwa kwapashure kwaMaria mune zviratidzo zvakawanda zvechitendero chechihedheni chamai voumwari.”
Zviratidzo izvozvi zvizhinji zvikuru uye zvine udzame hukuru zvokusagona kuva zvetsaona. Kufanana kuri pakati pezvidhori zvamai nomwana zvaMaria Mhandara nezvidhori zvavamwarikadzi vechihedheni, vakadai saIsis, hazvigoni kusacherechedzwa. Mazana ezvidhori nemifananidzo zvaBlack Madonna muchechi dzeKaturike munyika yose hazvigoni kukundikana kuyeuchidza chidhori chaDhiana. Bhuku rinonzi Théo—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique rinoti nezveBlack Virgins idzodzi: “Dzinoratidzika kuva dzaiva mitoo yokutamisira kuna Maria zvaisara zvokuzvipira kwakakurumbira kuna Dhiana [Artemis] . . . kana kuti Cybele.” Kufora kweZuva Rokugamuchirwa Kudenga kwaMaria Mhandara kunowanawo mufananidzo wako mukufora mukukudzwa kwaCybele naDhiana.
Mazita okuremekedza amene aipiwa Maria anotiyeuchidza nezvavanamai-mwarikadzi vechihedheni. Ishtar akanga achirumbidzwa se“Mhandara Tsvene,” “Mukadzi wangu,” uye “mai vane ngoni vanoteerera munyengetero.” Isis naAstarte vaidanwa kunzi “Mambokadzi Wedenga.” Cybele ainzi “Mai wavose Vakakomborerwa.” Mazita okuremekedza ose iwaya, nemisiano miduku, anoshandisirwa Maria.
Vatican II yakakurudzira chitendero che“Mhandara Yakakomborerwa.” Papa John Paul II anosanozivikanwa nokuda kwokuzvipira kwake kune mbavarira kuna Maria. Mukati mokufamba kwake kuzhinji, haatongopotsi banza rokushanyira nzvimbo dzinokudzwa dzaMaria, kubatanidza iyo yaBlack Madonna weCzestochowa, iri muPoland. Iye akaronzesa nyika yose kuna Maria. Naizvozvo, hakusati kuchishamisa kuti pasi pa“Mai Mwarikadzi,” The New Encyclopædia Britannica inonyora, kuti: “Kutaura kwacho kwakashandisirwawo kuzvinhu zvakasiana-siana seStone Age Venuses naMaria Mhandara.”
Asi kuremekedza Maria kweRoma Katurike hakusati kuri nzira bedzi iyo kunamatwa kwamai-mwarikadzi kwakapfuurira nayo kusvikira muzuva redu. Nenzira yechienzi, vatsigiri vesangano ravakadzi vakabudisa mabhuku akawanda pamusoro pokunamatwa kwavanamai-mwarikadzi. Vanodavira kuti vakadzi vave vachidzvinyirirwa zvikuru muiyi nyika inodzorwa navarume nenzira inodenha uye kuti kunamata kwakanangidzirwa kuvakadzi kunoratidzira vavariro dzorudzi rwomunhu nokuda kwenyika inodenha zvishomanene. Ivo vanoratidzikawo kuva vanodavira kuti nhasi nyika yaizova nzvimbo iri nani neine rugare zvikuru kudai yaida vakadzi zvikuru.
Zvisinei, kunamatwa kwamai-mwarikadzi hakuna kuunza rugare munyika yakare, uye hakusati kuchizounza rugare nhasi. Uyezve, vanhu vazhinji nhasi, kutaura idi mamirioni anosonganirana neZvapupu zvaJehovha, anopwiswa kuti pasi rino harisati richizoponeswa naMaria, pasinei zvapo nokuti vanomuremekedza nokumuda zvikuru sei somukadzi akatendeka, womuzana rokutanga ramakore uyo akava neropafadzo inoshamisa yokubereka ndokurera Jesu. Uyewo Zvapupu zvaJehovha hazvidaviri kuti Sangano Rorusununguko Rwavakadzi, kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvezvarinoraira zvingaruramiswa, rinogona kuunza nyika ine rugare. Nokuda kwaikoko zvinotarira kuna Mwari uyo Pauro akazivisa kuvaAtene nokuvaEfeso kuti, “Mwari wakasika nyika nezvose zviri mairi.” (Mabasa 17:24; 19:11, 17, 20) Uyu Mwari Wamasimba Ose, ane zita rinonzi Jehovha, akapikira nyika itsva ine mbiri umo “munogara kururama” mairi, uye tinogona kutsamira nechivimbo pachipikirwa chake.—2 Petro 3:13.
Pamusoro pomurangariro weBhaibheri pamusoro penzvimbo yomukadzi pamberi paMwari nomurume, iyi nhau ichakudziridzwazve pairi mumagazini ino.
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ASHTORETH mwarikadzi weKanani wevatano nehondo
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ARTEMIS—Mwarikadzi woruzvaro weEfeso
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Musei dei Conservatori, Rome
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“MAI VAMWARI” vechiKristudhomu
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Chartres Cathedral, France