Bhuku Revanhu Vose

“Mwari haazi mutsauri wavanhu; asi parudzi rupi norupi, munhu, unomutya, achiita zvakarurama, unogamuchirwa naye.”—MABASA 10:34, 35.

1. Mumwe purofesa akapindura sei paakabvunzwa zvaaifunga pamusoro peBhaibheri, uye chii chaakasarudza kuita?

PUROFESA wacho akanga ari pamusha musi weSvondo masikati, asingakariri vashanyi vapi navapi. Asi apo imwe yehanzvadzi dzedu dzechiKristu yakamushanyira, akateerera. Yakataura nezvokusvibiswa kwapasi uye nguva yemberi yapasi—nhau dzakamufadza. Zvisinei, payakashuma Bhaibheri mukurukurirano yacho, akaratidza kusava nechivimbo. Naizvozvo yakamubvunza kuti aifungei pamusoro peBhaibheri.

“Ibhuku rakanaka rakanyorwa nevamwe varume vakachenjera,” akapindura achidaro, “asi Bhaibheri harifaniri kurangarirwa zvakakomba.”

“Makamborava Bhaibheri here?” yakabvunza kudaro.

Ashamiswa, purofesa wacho aifanira kubvuma kuti akanga asina.

Ipapo yakabvunza kuti: “Munogona sei kutaura zvakasimba pamusoro pebhuku ramusina kumborava?”

Hanzvadzi yedu yakanga yataura mufungo unokosha. Purofesa wacho akasarudza kunzvera Bhaibheri uye pashure pezvo kutsinhira pamusoro paro.

2, 3. Nei Bhaibheri riri bhuku risingaraviwi nevanhu vakawanda, uye izvi zvinotipa chinetsoi?

² Purofesa wacho haasi oga. Vanhu vakawanda vane mirangariro yakasimba pamusoro peBhaibheri kunyange vasati vamborirava semunhu oga. Vangava vane Bhaibheri. Vangatobvuma kukosha kwaro kwokuraviwa kana kuti kwakanyorwa. Asi kuvakawanda, ibhuku risingaraviwi. ‘Handina nguva yokurava Bhaibheri,’ vamwe vanodaro. Vamwe vanoshamisika kuti, ‘Bhuku rekare rinogona sei kuva rinokosha muupenyu hwangu?’ Mirangariro yakadaro inotipa chinetso chaichoicho. Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinodavira zvakasimba kuti Bhaibheri “rakafuridzirwa naMwari, r[i]nobatsira pakudzidzisa.” (2 Timotio 3:16, 17) Zvisinei, tinogona sei kupwisa vanhu kuti pasinei zvapo nemamiriro avo ezvinhu orudzi, nyika, kana kuti dzinza, vanofanira kunzvera Bhaibheri?

³ Ngatikurukurei zvimwe zvikonzero nei Bhaibheri richifanira kunzverwa. Kurukurirano yakadaro inogona kutishongedzera kurangarira neavo vatinosangana navo muushumiri hwedu, zvimwe tichivapwisa kuti vanofanira kurangarira zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuhwirudzura uku kunofanira kusimbisa kutenda kwedu pachedu kuti Bhaibheri riri, zvirokwazvo, zvarinotaura kuva—“shoko raMwari.”—VaHebheru 4:12.

Bhuku Rakaparadzirwa Zvakafara Zvikurusa Munyika

4. Nei zvichigona kutaurwa kuti Bhaibheri ndiro bhuku rakaparadzirwa zvikurusa munyika?

⁴ Kutanga, Bhaibheri rinofanira kurangarirwa nokuti nokure ndiro bhuku rinoparadzirwa zvikurusa uye rakashandurwa zvikuru munhau yose yevanhu. Makore anopfuura 500 akapfuura, chinyorwa chokutanga chakadhindwa nomuchina wokutsikirira unosimudzika waJohannes Gutenberg. Kubva panguva iyoyo, maBhaibheri anofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni mana, akazara kana kuti asina, akadhindwa. Pakasvika 1996 Bhaibheri rose kana kuti zvikamu zvaro zvakanga zvashandurirwa mumitauro 2 167 netumitauro.a Inopfuura 90 muzana yemhuri yevanhu inokwanisa kuwana runenge rutivi rweBhaibheri mumutauro wavo voga. Hapana rimwe bhuku—rorudzidziso kana kuti risiri—ringamboenzaniswa naro!

5. Nei tichifanira kukarira kuti Bhaibheri riwanike kuvanhu munyika yose?

⁵ Nhamba dzoga hadzibvumikisi kuti Bhaibheri ishoko raMwari. Zvisinei, tinofanira zvirokwazvo kukarira kuti chinyorwa chakanyorwa chakafuridzirwa naMwari chisvike kuvanhu munyika yose. Pashure pezvose, Bhaibheri pacharo rinotiudza kuti “Mwari haazi mutsauri wavanhu; asi parudzi rupi norupi, munhu, unomutya, achiita zvakarurama, unogamuchirwa naye.” (Mabasa 10:34, 35) Kusafanana nerimwe bhuku ripi neripi, Bhaibheri rakakurira miganhu yenyika uye rakakurira mhinganidzo dzorudzi uye dzedzinza. Zvirokwazvo, Bhaibheri ibhuku revanhu vose.

Chinyorwa Chakatanhamara Chokuchengetwa

6, 7. Nei zvisingashamisi kuti hapana manyoro apakuvamba eBhaibheri achiripo, uye izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzoi?

⁶ Pane chimwe chikonzero nei Bhaibheri richifanira kunzverwa. Rakapukunyuka mhinganidzo dzose dziri mbiri dzomusikirwo uye dzevanhu. Chinyorwa chokuti rakachengetwa sei pasinei zvapo nezvinetso zvinotyisa zvirokwazvo chakatanhamara pakati pemanyoro ekare.

⁷ Vanyori veBhaibheri sezviri pachena vakanyora mashoko avo neingi pamipumburu yemanyoro (yakagadzirwa nemiti yeEgipita ine zita rakafanana) uye pachikumba (chakagadzirwa nematehwe emhuka).b (Jobho 8:11) Zvinhu zvokunyorera zvakadaro, zvisinei, zvinoparadzwa nenzira yomusikirwo. Nyanzvi Oscar Paret inotsanangura kuti: “Izvi zvokunyorera zvose zviri zviviri zvinoiswa mungozi yakafanana nounyoro, makonye, ivhu, uye furu dzakasiyana-siyana. Tinoziva kubva muruzivo rwezuva nezuva kuti pepa, kunyange dehwe rakasimba, rinosakara sei pamhepo kana kuti muimba ine unyoro.” Naizvozvo hazvishamisi kuti hapana manyoro apakuvambavamba aripo; sezvinobvira akaparara kare kare. Asi kana manyoro apakuvambavamba akaparara nenzira yomusikirwo, Bhaibheri rakapukunyuka sei?

8. Mumazana emakore akapfuura, manyoro eBhaibheri aichengetwa sei?

⁸ Nokukurumidza pashure pokunge anyorwa, makopi akanyorwa nemaoko aitanga kubudiswa. Kutaura idi, kukopa Mutemo nezvimwe zvikamu zveMagwaro Matsvene kwakava basa rounyanzvi muIsraeri yekare. Muprista Ezra, somuenzaniso, anorondedzerwa se“mukopi ane unyanzvi womutemo waMosesi.” (Ezra 7:6, 11, NW; enzanisa naPisarema 45:1.) Asi makopi aibudiswa aiparadzikawo; pakupedzisira aifanira kutsiviwa nemamwezve makopi akanyorwa nemaoko. Uku kukopa makopi kwakapfuurira kwemazana emakore. Sezvo vanhu vasina kukwana, mhosho dzavakopi dzakachinja rugwaro rwunokosha rweBhaibheri here? Ufakazi hwakawanda hunoti aiwa!

9. Muenzaniso wevaMasorete unoratidzira sei kungwarira kukuru nokururama kwevakopi veBhaibheri?

⁹ Vakopi vaisangova nounyanzvi zvikuru bedzi asi vairemekedzawo zvikuru mashoko avaikopa. Shoko rechiHebheru ra“mukopi” rinoreva nezvokuverenga uye kunyora. Kuti tienzanisire kungwarira kukuru uye kururama kwevakopi, rangarira vaMasorete, vakopi veMagwaro echiHebheru vakararama pakati pemazana emakore echitanhatu neegumi C.E. Maererano nenyanzvi Thomas Hartwell Horne, vaiverenga kuti “vara rimwe nerimwe rearufabheti yechi“Hebheru” raiwanika kangani muMagwaro ose echiHebheru.” Funga zvazvinoreva! Kuti vadzivise kusiya kunyange vara rimwe, ava vakopi vakazvipira vaiverenga kwete mashoko avaikopa chete asiwo mavara. Hungu, maererano nokuverenga kweimwe nyanzvi, zvinoshumwa kuti vakachengeta mavara 815 140 ari muMagwaro echiHebheru! Nhamburiko yokushingaira yakadaro yakavimbisa kururama kune mwero wakakwirira.

10. Ufakazii hunofadza huripo hwokuti magwaro echiHebheru neechiGiriki munobva shanduro dzazvino uno anomirira mashoko evanyori vapakuvamba?

¹⁰ Kutaura idi, pane ufakazi hwakasimba hwokuti magwaro echiHebheru uye echiGiriki munobva shanduro dzazvino uno anomiririra nokutendeseka kwakatanhamara mashoko avanyori vapakuvamba. Ufakazi hwacho hunobatanidza zviuru zvemakopi emanyoro eBhaibheri akanyorwa nemaoko—anofungidzirwa 6 000 pamwe chete kana kuti zvikamu zveMagwaro echiHebheru uye mamwe 5 000 eMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki—akapukunyuka kusvika kuzuva redu. Kuongorora kwokungwarira, kwokuenzanisa manyoro akawanda aripo kwakagonesa nyanzvi dzemagwaro kuona mhosho dzevakopi uye kuziva kurava kwapakuvamba. Ichitsinhira pamusoro pemashoko eMagwaro echiHebheru, nyanzvi William H. Green yaigona kutaura kuti: “Zvinogona kutaurwa zvisingapokanwi kuti hakuna rimwe basa rekare rakapfuudzirwa zvakarurama kwazvo.” Chivimbo chakafanana chinogona kuiswa muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.

11. Mukurangarira 1 Petro 1:24, 25, nei Bhaibheri rakapukunyuka kusvika kuzuva redu?

¹¹ Bhaibheri raigona kuve rakaparara zviri nyore sei kudai pakanga pasina makopi akanyorwa nemaoko aitsiva apakuvamba, neshoko rao rinokosha! Pane chikonzero chimwe bedzi chokupukunyuka kwaro—Jehovha ndiye Muchengeti uye Mudziviriri weShoko rake. Sezvinotaura Bhaibheri pacharo, pana 1 Petro 1:24, 25 kuti: “Nyama yose yakaita souswa, nokunaka kwose seruva rouswa, uswa hunosvava, neruva rinowira pasi, asi shoko raShe rinogara nokusingaperi.”

Rinoshandurirwa Mumitauro Yakawanda Yevanhu

12. Mukuwedzera kumazana amakore okukopa kakawanda, ndeipi imwe mhinganidzo yakasangana neBhaibheri?

¹² Kupukunyuka mazana emakore okukopa kwakanga kuri chinetso chikuru, asi Bhaibheri rakasangana neimwe mhinganidzo—kushandurirwa mumitauro yenguva yacho. Bhaibheri rinofanira kuva mumitauro yevanhu kuitira kuti rigone kusvika mwoyo yavo. Zvisinei, kushandura Bhaibheri—rine maganhuro anopfuura 1 100 uye ndima 31 000—harisi basa riri nyore. Asi, mumazana emakore vashanduri vakazvipira vakagamuchira denho yacho nomufaro, padzimwe nguva vachitarisana nemhinganidzo dzairatidzika sedzisingakurirwi.

13, 14. (a) Chinetsoi chakasangana nomushanduri weBhaibheri Robert Moffat muAfrica muzana remakore rechi19? (b) Vanhu vanotaura chiTswana vakaita sei apo Evhangeri yaRuka yakawanikwa mumutauro wavo?

¹³ Rangarira, somuenzaniso, kuti Bhaibheri rakashandurirwa sei mumitauro yomuAfrica. Mugore ra1800, kwakanga kuchingova nemitauro inenge gumi nemiviri bedzi yainyorwa muAfrica yose. Mazana emimwe mitauro yaitaurwa akanga asina gadziriro yokunyora. Ichi ndicho chakanga chiri chinetso chakasangana nomushanduri weBhaibheri Robert Moffat. Muna 1821, pazera remakore 25, akatanga ufundisi pakati pevanhu vanotaura chiTswana vokumaodzanyemba kweAfrica. Kuti adzidze mutauro wavo usinganyorwi, akashamwaridzana nevanhu vacho. Moffat akatsungirira uye pakupedzisira, pasina mabhuku okudzidza nawo kana kuti maduramashoko, akadzidza mutauro wacho, akatanga runyoro rwomutauro wacho, uye akadzidzisa vamwe vaTswana kurava runyoro rwacho. Muna 1829, pashure pokushanda pakati pavaTswana kwemakore masere, akapedza kushandura Evhangeri yaRuka. Gare gare akati: “Ndakaziva vamwe vanhu vaifamba mazana emakiromita kuti vazowana makopi aSt. Luke. . . . Ndakavaona vachigamuchira zvikamu zvaSt. Luke, ndokuchema, vachizvimbundikira pazvipfuva zvavo, uye kuburitsa misodzi yokuonga, kusvikira ndaudza vakawanda vavo kuti, ‘Muchanyorovesa mabhuku enyu nemisodzi yenyu.’” Moffat akataurawo nezvemurume wemuAfrica akaona vanhu vakati vachirava Evhangeri yaRuka uye akavabvunza chavakanga vanacho. “IShoko raMwari,” vakapindura kudaro. “Rinotaura here?” murume wacho akabvunza. “Hungu,” vakadaro, “rinotaurira mwoyo.”

¹⁴ Vashanduri vakazvipira vakadai saMoffat vakapa vanhu vemuAfrica vakawanda mukana wavo wokutanga wokukurukura kupfurikidza nokunyora. Asi vashanduri vacho vakapa vanhu veAfrica chipo chinotokosha zvikuru—Bhaibheri mumutauro wavo. Uyezve, Moffat akasuma zita raMwari kuvaTswana, uye akashandisa zita iroro mushanduro yake yose.c Nokudaro, vaTswana vaitaura nezveBhaibheri se“muromo waJehovha.”—Pisarema 83:18.

15. Nei Bhaibheri riri benyu zvikuru nhasi?

¹⁵ Vamwe vashanduri mumativi akasiyana-siyana enyika vakasangana nemhinganidzo dzakafanana. Vamwe vakatoisa upenyu hwavo mungozi kuti vashandure Bhaibheri. Funga pamusoro peizvi: Kudai Bhaibheri rakaramba riri mumutauro wechiHebheru chekare nechiGiriki bedzi, ringadai “rakafa” kare kare, nokuti mitauro iyoyo pashure penguva yakati yakakanganwikwa chose chose nevanhu vakawanda uye haina kumbozivikanwa mumativi akawanda apasi. Asi, Bhaibheri richiri benyu zvikuru nemhaka yokuti, kusafanana nerimwe bhuku ripi neripi, rinogona ku“taura” kuvanhu munyika yose mumutauro wavo pachavo. Somugumisiro, shoko raro rinoramba richi“batawo mukati [meva]notenda.” (1 VaTesaronika 2:13) The Jerusalem Bible rinoshandura mashoko aya richiti: “Richiri simba benyu pakati penyu imi munoritenda.”

Rinogona Kuvimbwa Naro

16, 17. (a) Kuti Bhaibheri rivimbike, ufakazii hunofanira kuvapo? (b) Ipa muenzaniso mumwe unoratidzira uchokwadi hwomunyori weBhaibheri Mosesi.

¹⁶ ‘Bhaibheri rinogona chaizvoizvo kuvimbwa naro here?’ vamwe vangabvunza. ‘Rinotaura nezvevanhu vakararama chaizvo here, nzvimbo dzakanga dziripo chaizvoizvo, uye zviitiko zvakaitika zvirokwazvo?’ Kana tichizovimba naro, panofanira kuva noufakazi hwokuti rakanyorwa nevanyori vaingwarira, vakatendeseka. Izvi zvinotisvitsa kuchimwe chikonzero chokunzvera Bhaibheri: Pane ufakazi hwakasimba hwokuti Bhaibheri rakarurama uye rinovimbika.

¹⁷ Vanyori vakatendeseka vanonyora kwete zvakabudirira chete asiwo zvakakundikana, kwete mavara akanaka asiwo akaneta. Vanyori veBhaibheri vakaratidza kutendeseka kunozorodza kwakadaro. Rangarira, somuenzaniso, uchokwadi hwaMosesi. Pakati pezvinhu zvaakashuma nouchokwadi paiva nokusakwanisa kwake kutaura zvakanaka, uko mukuona kwake kwaimuita kuti asava akakodzera kutungamirira vaIsraeri (Eksodho 4:10); chikanganiso chakakomba chaakaita chakadzivisa kupinda kwake muNyika Yakapikirwa (Numeri 20:9-12; 27:12-14); kutsauka kwemukoma wake, Aroni, uyo akabatana nevaIsraeri vanopandukira mukuita mhuru yendarama (Eksodho 32:1-6); kupandukira kwehanzvadzi yake, Miriami, uye kurangwa kwake kunonyadzisa (Numeri 12:1-3, 10); kuzvidza kwevazukuru vake Nadhabhi naAbihu (Revhitiko 10:1, 2); uye kunyunyuta nokutsutsumwa kwevanhu vaMwari pachake. (Eksodho 14:11, 12; Numeri 14:1-10) Kushuma kwakadaro kwakajeka, kwokutendeseka hakuratidziri kuitira hanya kwemwoyo wose nokuda kwechokwadi here? Sezvo vanyori veBhaibheri vaidisa kushuma mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro pevadiwa vavo, vanhu vavo, uye kunyange ivo pachavo, hapana chikonzero chakanaka chokuvimba nokunyora kwavo here?

18. Chii chinoratidzira kuti kunyora kwevanyori veBhaibheri kunogona kuvimbwa nako?

¹⁸ Kubvumirana kwevanyori veBhaibheri kunoitawo kuti zvavakanyora zvivimbike. Zvechokwadi zvinoshamisa kuti varume 40 vakanyora kwenhambo yemakore 1 600 vanobvumirana, kunyange pazvinhu zviduku. Zvisinei, kutsinhirana uku hakuna kurongwa nokungwarira zvokuti kunonyandura kunyumwira kuti pane kunyengera. Mukupesana, pane kushayikwa kuri pachena kwevavariro yokubvumirana kwemashoko akasiyana-siyana; kakawanda tsinhirano yacho nenzira yakajeka yaiitika panguva imwe chete.

19. Nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri dzokusungwa kwaJesu dzinoratidzira sei nenzira yakajeka kubvumirana kusina kurongwa?

¹⁹ Kuenzanisira, rangarira chiitiko chakaitika pausiku hwokusungwa kwaJesu. Vanyori vose veEvhangeri vari vana vanonyora kuti mumwe wevadzidzi akatora munondo ndokubaya muranda wemupristi mukuru, achibvisa nzeve yomurume wacho. Ruka bedzi, zvisinei, anotiudza kuti Jesu “akabata nzeve yake, akamuporesa.” (Ruka 22:51) Asi izvozvo hazvisirizvo zvataizokarira kubva kumunyori akanga achizivikanwa se“n’anga inodikanwa” here? (VaKorose 4:14) Nhoroondo yaJohane inotiudza kuti pavadzidzi vose vaivapo, akabata munondo akanga ari Petro—idi risingashamisi nemhaka yokukurumidza kuita zvinhu kwaPetro uye kuda kutsiva. (Johane 18:10; enzanisa naMateo 16:22, 23 uye Johane 21:7, 8.) Johane anoshuma mamwe mashoko anoratidzika seasiri madikanwa: “Zita romuranda uyo rainzi Markosi.” Nei Johane oga achipa zita romurume wacho? Tsananguro yacho inogoverwa neidi duku rinotaurwa mukungotaurawo zvako munhoroondo yaJohane bedzi—Johane “waizivikanwa nomuprista mukuru.” Aizivikanwawo nemhuri yemuprista mukuru; varanda vakanga vakarovedzana naye, uye iye navo.d (Johane 18:10, 15, 16) Zvinongova zvomuzvarirwo, ipapoka, kuti Johane adudze zita romurume akakuvadzwa, nepo vamwe vanyori veEvhangeri, sezviri pachena vakanga vasingamuzivi, vasingaiti kudaro. Kubvumirana kwemashoko ose aya kunoshamisa, nepo sezviri pachena kwakanga kusina kurongwa. Kune makumi emimwe mienzaniso yakafanana muBhaibheri.

20. Vanhu vane mwoyo yakatendeseka vanofanira kuzivei pamusoro peBhaibheri?

²⁰ Naizvozvo tinogona kuvimba neBhaibheri here? Zvakakwana! Kutendeseka kwevanyori veBhaibheri uye kubvumirana kwezviri muBhaibheri zvinoriita kuti rive rechokwadi. Vanhu vane mwoyo yakatendeseka vanofanira kuziva kuti vanogona kuvimba neBhaibheri, nokuti iShoko ra“Jehovha . . . Mwari wechokwadi.” (Pisarema 31:5) Pane zvimwe zvikonzero nei Bhaibheri riri bhuku revanhu vose, sezvichakurukurwa nenyaya inotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

Ungapindura Sei?

◻ Nei tichifanira kukarira Bhaibheri kuva bhuku rinowanika zvikurusa munyika?

◻ Ufakazii huripo hwokuti Bhaibheri rakachengetwa rakarurama?

◻ Imhinganidzoi dzakatarisana neavo vakashandura Bhaibheri?

◻ Chii chinoratidza kuti zvakanyorwa muBhaibheri zvinovimbika?