Ongo Tangata Liliu-Lea Naʻá Na Fakafoki ʻa e Huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ki he Fuakava Foʻoú

Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fuofua lotu ʻoku ako ʻe he tokolahi ko e Lotu ʻa e ʻEikí, ʻa ia naʻe akoʻi ʻe Sīsū ki hono kau muimuí. Ko e lotu ko ení ʻoku maʻu ʻi he meʻa ʻoku anga-maheni hono ui ko e Fuakava Foʻoú. Ko e lotú ʻoku kamata ʻo pehē: “Ko ʻemau Tamai ʻoku ʻi hēvani, ke fakamāʻoniʻoniʻi [pe tāpuhā] ho huafá.” (Mātiu 6:9) Neongo ia, ko e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻoku liliu ʻi he lea faka-Pilitāniá ko e “Jehovah” pe ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e “Yahweh,” ʻoku tātātaha ke maʻu ia ʻi he ngaahi liliu faka-Pilitānia ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú. Kae kehe, ko e ngaahi liliu ko ení ʻoku fakakau ai ʻa e hingoa ʻo e ngaahi ʻotua loi, hangē ko Siusi, Heamesi mo ʻĀtemisi. Ko ia ʻikai ʻoku totonu ke nau lave ki he huafa ʻo e ʻOtua moʻoní pea mo e Faʻutohi ʻo e Tohi Tapú?​—Ngāue 14:12; 19:35; 2 Tīmote 3:16.

Ko e ongo tangata liliu Tohi Tapu ki he lea faka-Pilitāniá ko Lancelot Shadwell mo Frederick Parker naʻá na tui ko e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá naʻe totonu ke fakafoki ki he Fuakava Foʻoú. Ko e hā ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e foʻi lea “fakafoki”? Koeʻuhí naʻá na fakamulituku ko e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá naʻe ʻuluaki ʻi ai ka naʻe toʻo ia ki mui ai. Ko e hā naʻá na fai ai ʻa e fakamulituku ko iá?

Naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Shadwell mo Parker ko e ngaahi tatau tohinima naʻe maʻu ʻi he taimi ko iá ʻo e meʻa naʻe ui ko e Fuakava Motuʻá, ʻa ia naʻe ʻuluaki hiki tefito pē ia ʻi he lea faka-Hepeluú, naʻe fakakau ai ʻa e huafa fakafoʻituitui ʻo e ʻOtuá tuʻo laui afe. Ko ia naʻá na fifili pe ko e hā naʻe toʻo ai ʻa e faʻunga kakato ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá mei he ngaahi tatau tohinima ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú naʻe ala maʻú.a Pehē foki, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe Shadwell ʻi he taimi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ʻi he ngaahi tatau tohinima ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú ʻa e ngaahi kupuʻi lea anga-maheni mei he Fuakava Motuʻá, hangē ko e “ʻāngelo ʻa Sihová,” ko e kau hiki-tatau ʻo e Fuakava Foʻou Faka-Kalisí naʻe hā mahino ʻenau fetongi ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi lea hangē ko e Kyʹri·os, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ko e “ʻEiki.”​—2 Tuʻi 1:3, 15; Ngāue 12:23.

Naʻa mo e ki muʻa ke pulusi ʻe Shadwell mo Parker ʻena liliu faka-Pilitāniá, naʻe ʻosi ʻi ai ʻa e kau liliu kehe naʻa nau fakafoki ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ki heʻenau liliu faka-Pilitānia ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú, ka ʻi he ngaahi tafaʻaki siʻi pē ʻe niʻihi.b Ki muʻa ʻi he 1863, ʻi he taimi naʻe pulusi ai ʻe Parker ʻa e A Literal Translation of the New Testament, naʻe teʻeki ʻiloʻi ha tokotaha liliu-lea faka-Pilitānia naʻá ne fakafoki lahi ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ki ha tatau ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú kuo pulusi. Ko hai ʻa Lancelot Shadwell mo Frederick Parker?

Lancelot Shadwell

Ko Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) ko ha loea pea ko e foha ia ʻo Sir Lancelot Shadwell, ko e tokoni ʻeiki pule ʻo e fakamaauʻanga ʻIngilaní. Ko e fohá naʻá ne kau ʻi he Siasi ʻIngilaní. Neongo naʻá ne tui ki he Tolu-Tahaʻi-ʻOtuá, naʻá ne fakahāhā ʻa e fakaʻapaʻapa ki he huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻo fakamatalaʻi ia ko e “huafa lāngilangiʻia ʻo SIHOVÁ.” ʻI heʻene liliú, ko e The Gospels of Matthew, and of Mark, naʻá ne ngāueʻaki tuʻo 28 ʻa e “Sihová” ʻi he potutohi tefitó pea tuʻo 465 ʻi he ngaahi nouti takatakaí.

Naʻe ʻiloʻi nai ʻe Shadwell ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻi heʻene sio ki ai ʻi he Fuakava Motuʻá ʻi he muʻaki lea faka-Hepeluú. Naʻá ne pehē ko e faʻahinga naʻa nau fetongi ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻaki ʻa e lea Kyʹri·os ʻi he liliu faka-Kalisi ʻo e Fuakava Motuʻá “naʻe ʻikai ko ha kau liliu-lea faitotonu.”

Ko e Kōsipeli fakatatau ki he tohi ʻa Mātiú naʻe liliu ki he lea faka-Pilitāniá mo e ngaahi nouti, ʻa L. Shadwell (1859), maʻu mei he Bodleian Libraries. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK. Modified: Text highlighted

ʻI he liliu ʻa Shadwell, naʻá ne fuofua ngāueʻaki ʻa e “Sihová” ʻi he Mātiu 1:20. Ko ʻene nouti ki he veesi ko iá ʻoku pehē: “Ko e foʻi lea [Kyʹri·os] ʻoku hā hení, pea mo e ngaahi konga tohi kehe ʻi he F[uakava] F[oʻoú] ʻoku ʻuhinga ko e SIHOVA, ko e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá: Pea ʻoku mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ke fakafoki ʻa e foʻi lea ko ení ki he liliu faka-Pilitāniá.” Naʻá ne toe pehē: “ʻOku fiemaʻu ia ke fakalāngilangiʻi ai ʻa e ʻOtuá. Kuó ne fakahaaʻi mai ʻa ia tonu ʻaki ʻa e huafa ko e SIHOVÁ: pea ʻoku ʻikai ha meʻa ʻe lelei ange ka ko ʻetau ngāueʻaki ʻa e huafa ko iá ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau talanoa ai fekauʻaki mo iá.” Naʻá ne pehē leva: “ʻI heʻetau E.V. [Tatau Established, Authorized, pe King James] ʻo e Tohi Tapú, ko e huafa ʻo SIHOVÁ ʻoku tātātaha ʻene ʻasí . . . ʻI he ʻikai ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻoku tau lau, Ko e ʻEikí.” Naʻe taukaveʻi ʻe Shadwell: “Ko e ʻEikí . . . ko e hingoa fakalakanga taʻefeʻunga taha ia” ke ngāueʻaki ko ha fetongi ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻo ne pehē naʻa mo ia tonu ʻoku ui “Ko e ʻEiki” ʻi hono ʻapi masaní pe ʻapi ʻi he feituʻu ʻutá.

Naʻe pulusi ʻe Shadwell ʻene liliu ʻo e tohi Mātiú ʻi he 1859 pea ko ʻene tatau naʻe fakatahaʻi ai ʻa e tohi ʻa Mātiú mo e Maʻaké ʻi he 1861. Ka ko ʻene ngāué naʻe ngata. Naʻá ne mate ʻi Sanuali 11, 1861, ʻi hono taʻu 52. Neongo ia, ko ʻene ngaahi feingá naʻe ʻikai kulanoa.

Frederick Parker

Ko e liliu ʻa Shadwell ʻo e tohi Mātiú naʻá ne maʻu ʻa e tokanga ʻa ha tangata pisinisi Lonitoni tuʻumālie ko Frederick Parker (1804-1888), ʻa ia naʻá ne kamata ke liliu ʻa e Fuakava Foʻoú ʻi heʻene taʻu 20 tupú nai. ʻI he ʻikai hangē ko Shadwell, naʻe talitekeʻi ʻe Parker ʻa e akonaki ʻo e Tolu-Tahaʻi-ʻOtuá. Naʻá ne tohi: “[Fakatauange] ke tali loto-māfana ʻe he Siasi fakalūkufua ʻo e ʻAlo ʻofeina [ʻo e ʻOtuá] ʻa e moʻoní . . . pea lotu ki he Māfimafi-Aoniu pē taha ko Sihová.” Naʻe toe ongoʻi foki ʻe Parker ko e ngaahi tatau tohinima ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú ʻa ia ʻoku ngāueʻaki fakatouʻosi ai ʻa e Kyʹri·os ki he ʻEiki ko e ʻOtuá mo e ʻEiki ko Sīsuú, naʻá ne fakaʻuliʻulilātaiʻi ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi hona vahaʻá. Ko ia naʻá ne mahuʻingaʻia ke sio ki he ngaahi potutohi pau naʻe liliu ai ʻe Shadwell ʻa e Kyʹri·os ko e “Sihová.”

Naʻe anga-fēfē hono mahinoʻi ʻe Parker ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ko iá? Naʻá ne ako ʻa e lea faka-Kalisí peá ne hiki ʻa e ngaahi tohi mo e tuleki ʻi he kalama faka-Kalisí. Naʻá ne hoko foki ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Anglo-Biblical Institute, ʻa ia naʻa nau pouaki ʻa e fekumi ki he ngaahi tatau tohinima Tohi Tapú mo e taumuʻa ke faʻu ha ngaahi Tohi Tapu faka-Pilitānia lelei ange. ʻI he 1842, naʻe kamata pulusi ʻe Parker ʻene fuofua liliu ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú ʻi hono ngaahi konga mo e pulusinga.c

Ngaahi Feinga ʻa Parker ke Fakafoki ʻa e Huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá

ʻI ha ngaahi taʻu naʻe fai ʻe Parker ha tohi fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi fehuʻi hangē ko e: “Ko fē ʻa e taimi ʻoku ʻuhinga ai ʻa e Kyʹri·os ki he ʻEiki ko Sīsuú, pea ko fē ʻa e taimi ʻoku ʻuhinga ai ki he ʻEiki ko e ʻOtuá?” “Ko e hā ʻoku faʻa ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e Kyʹri·os ko ha hingoa kae ʻikai ko ha hingoa fakalakangá?”

ʻI he taimi naʻe vakai ai ʻa Parker ki he liliu ʻa Shadwell ʻo e tohi Mātiú ʻi he 1859 fakataha mo ʻene ngaahi fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e Kyʹri·os, naʻá ne tuipau ʻi he ngaahi potutohi ʻe niʻihi ko e Kyʹri·os “ʻoku totonu ke liliu ko e Sihova.” Ko ia naʻá ne toe fakaleleiʻi ʻene liliu kakato ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú ke fakakau ai ʻa e “Sihová” ʻi he taimi pē naʻá ne tui ai ko e meʻa ia naʻe fakahaaʻi mai ʻe he potutohi pe kalama faka-Kalisí. Ko ia ko e voliume ʻe taha ʻa Parker ʻi he 1863 naʻe ui ko e A Literal Translation of the New Testament ʻoku fakakau ai ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻo tuʻo 187 ʻi he potutohi tefitó. Hangē ko ia kuo ʻiloʻí, ko e fuofua tatau faka-Pilitānia eni naʻe pulusi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e huafa fakaʻotuá ʻi he kotoa ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané.d

ʻI he 1864, naʻe toe tuku ange foki ʻe Parker ʻa e tatau ko e A Collation of an English Version of the New Testament . . . With the Authorized English Version. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻene fakatahaʻi ko eni ʻa e ongo Fuakava Foʻoú ki he voliume pē ʻe tahá ke fakahaaʻi ʻa e tafaʻaki mo e founga naʻe kehe ai ʻene tataú mei he ngaahi tatau kehé.e

Ke fakatātaaʻi ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo hono fakafoki mai ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá, naʻe lave ʻa Parker ki ha ngaahi veesi ʻi he Authorized Version, ʻo kau ai ʻa e Loma 10:13, ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ai: “He ʻilonga ʻa ia ʻe tautapa ki he huafa ʻo e ʻEikí ʻe fakamoʻui.” Naʻe ʻeke ʻe Parker: “[Ko hai] ia te ne ʻiloʻi mei he tatau ʻo e Authorized English Version ʻo e ngaahi veesi ko ení, ko Sihova ia naʻe ʻuhinga ki aí kae ʻikai Ko e ʻAlo ko Sīsū Kalaisi ko hotau ʻEikí”?

Naʻe fakamoleki ʻe Parker ʻa e sovaleni ʻe laui afe​—ko ha koloa lahi ia he taimi ko iá​—ki hono pulusi mo tuʻuaki ʻene ngaahi tulekí, pepá mo e ngaahi tohi kehe. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻi loto pē ʻi he taʻu ʻe taha, naʻá ne fakamoleki ʻa e sovaleni ʻe 800, ʻa ia ʻoku tatau ia mo e sovaleni Pilitānia ʻe 100,000 tupu (tola ʻAmelika ʻe $132,000) ʻi he ʻahó ni. Naʻá ne toe ʻave foki ʻa e ngaahi tatau taʻetotongi ʻo ʻene ʻū tohí ki hono ngaahi mahení mo e haʻa faifekau māʻolungá ke nau vakaiʻi.

Ko e ngaahi tohi ʻa Parker mo ʻene ngaahi liliu ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú, ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ke loko lahi hono pulusí, naʻe manukiʻi ia ʻe he kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi. Kae kehe, ʻi hono fai iá, naʻa nau tohoakiʻi mamaʻo ai ʻa e tokangá mei he feinga loto-moʻoni naʻá ne fai pea pehē foki kia Shadwell mo e niʻihi kehé, ke fakafoki ʻa e huafa fakafoʻituitui ʻo e ʻOtuá ki he Fuakava Foʻoú ʻi he lea faka-Pilitāniá.

Te ke saiʻia foki ke mamata ʻi ha vitiō fakamatala miniti ʻe hongofulu: ʻAʻahi ki he Misiume Warwick: “Ko e Tohi Tapú mo e Huafa Fakaʻotuá.”