Zinyamekele Xa Ukhulelwe

NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EMEXICO

NGOKUTSHO kweUnited Nations Population Fund, nyaka ngamnye kufa amabhinqa angaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi ebulawa zizigulo ezibangelwa kukukhulelwa. Ngaphezu koko, iUnited Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) ithi nyaka ngamnye angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 amabhinqa athwaxwa zizifo ezibangelwa kukukhulelwa yaye isithathu kuloo mabhinqa siyenzakala okanye sigule ubomi baso bonke. Kumazwe asakhasayo, amabhinqa amaninzi ayangxulela aze angabi nathuba lokuzinyamekela yaye loo nto iyawaqoba ize ibangele ukuba agule. Ewe, ukukhulelwa kunokuba yingozi—kusenokude kubeke ubomi esichengeni. Ngaba ikho into enokwenziwa libhinqa ukuze lizikhusele kwezo ngozi zibangelwa kukukhulelwa?

Ukuzinyamekela Ngaphambi Kokuba Ukhulelwe

Ukuceba kusengaphambili. Amadoda asenokuxubusha nabafazi bawo ngenani labantwana abaceba ukuba nabo. Kumazwe asakhasayo asinto imangalisayo ukubona ibhinqa elinabantwana abancinane lincancisa usana libe kwangaxeshanye likhulelwe. Ukuceba kusengaphambili ngenyameko nokuhlolisisa iimeko zenu kunokwenza ukuba nibe nethuba elaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba nibe nomnye umntwana, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ibhinqa lifumane ithuba lokuzinyamekela emva kokuba libelekile.

Ukutya. Ngokutsho kweCoalition for Positive Outcomes in Pregnancy, ngaphambi kokuba ibhinqa liphinde likhulelwe, kufuneka kudlule ubuncinane iinyanga ezine lingasebenzisi izinto eziyingozi khon’ ukuze libe nezondlo ezaneleyo ezinokuba luncedo ekukhuleni kosana. Ngokomzekelo, xa umama enefolic acid eninzi ayancipha kakhulu amathuba okuba usana olungekazalwa lube nespina bifida, isifo esibangelwa kukungavaleki kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo yomnqonqo. Ekubeni le mithambo-luvo ivaleka kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-28 emva kokukhawula kukamama—yaye ngelo xesha amabhinqa amaninzi adla ngokungazazi ukuba akhulelwe—amanye amabhinqa aceba ukuba nabantwana adla ngokutya izinto ezandisa ifolic acid egazini lawo.

Esinye isakha-mzimba esibalulekileyo yi-iron. Enyanisweni, xa ibhinqa likhulelwe kufuneka lifumane umlinganiselo weiron ophindwe kabini. Xa ibhinqa elikhulelweyo lineiron encinane emzimbeni walo—nto leyo edla ngokwenzeka kumabhinqa ahlala kumazwe asakhasayo—linokuba neanemia ngenxa yokungabi nairon yaneleyo egazini. Imeko yalo inokuba mandundu ngakumbi xa lingxulela ekubeni lingenaxesha laneleyo lokwandisa umlinganiselo weiron egazini lalo.a

Ubudala. Amantombazana angaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala asesichengeni sokufa ngoxa ekhulelwe izihlandlo ezingama-60 ekhulwini xa ethelekiswa namabhinqa aneminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Kwelinye icala, amabhinqa angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala adla ngokuzala abantwana abaneziphene, njengabantwana abaneDown’s syndrome. Oomama abaselula okanye abasele bedlulile kwinqanaba lokuzala basesichengeni sokuhlaselwa yipreeclampsia. Esi sifo sibeka ubomi bosana nobukamama esichengeni yaye sidla ngokubonwa ngokusuke umntu abe nehigh blood pressure emva kweeveki ezingama-20 ekhawulile, ngokudumba nangokwanda kweeprotini emchameni.

Ukwasulelwa zizifo. Ibhinqa elinesifo kwisinyi, kwisibeleko, kwilungu lesini, esiswini nasemathunjini linokuhlaselwa ngakumbi zezi zifo xa likhulelwe yaye oko kunokubangela ukuba lizale ngaphambi kwexesha okanye libe nepreeclampsia. Kubhetele ukuba ezi zifo zinyangwe ngaphambi kokuba ibhinqa likhulelwe.

Ukuzinyamekela Xa Ukhulelwe

Ukuzinyamekela ngaphambi kokubeleka. Ukuya kwagqirha rhoqo xa ukhulelwe kunokukusindisa ekufeni. Kwanakumazwe apho zinqongopheleyo iikliniki nezibhedlele, basenokubakho ababelekisi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Ukuya kwagqirha kunokunceda abezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo babone kusengaphambili enoba kuza kufuneka unyanyekelwe ngokukhethekileyo kusini na. Kusenokufuneka ukuba umntu anyanyekelwe ngokukhethekileyo xa eza kuba namawele, enehypertension, enesifo sentliziyo, enengxaki yezintso okanye enesifo seswekile. Kusenokufuneka ukuba ibhinqa elikhulelweyo ligonywe ukuze usana lungabi netetanus. Kwakhona, kwisithuba esimalunga neeveki ezingama-26 nezingama-28 likhulelwe, kusenokufuneka ibhinqa lihlolwe ukuze kubonwe enoba alinayo kusini na igroup B streptococcus. Ukuba ibhinqa linale ntsholongwane kwithumbu elikhulu, linokwasulela usana xa luzalwa.

Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo lifanele likulungele ukuchazela abezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo yonke into ngokuphathelele impilo yalo. Kwakhona lifanele libuze ngokukhululekileyo ngayo yonke into elingayiqondiyo. Lifanele lifune uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa lisopha kwilungu lesini, lidumbile ebusweni, lisoloko liqaqanjelwa yintloko okanye iminwe, linamehlo anorhatyazo, linesisu esibuhlungu, lihlanza into engapheliyo, linomkhuhlane, lisiva usana lwalo lushukuma ngendlela engaqondakaliyo okanye engaqhelekanga, liphuma ulwelo kwilungu lesini, lichama kabuhlungu okanye lingafane lichame.

Utywala neziyobisi. Xa ibhinqa lisela lisebenzisa neziyobisi (kunye necuba), usana lwalo lusenokudodobala ingqondo luze lube neziphene. Kuthiwa umntwana ozalwa ngumama okhotyokiswe ziziyobisi udla ngokuba yinkom’ edla yodwa. Ngoxa abanye abantu bekholelwa ukuba ukusela iglasi yewayini ngamathub’ athile akuyongozi, iingcali zidla ngokucebisa ukuba umntu okhulelweyo angaseli konke-konke. Kwakhona amabhinqa akhulelweyo afanele akulumkele ukuba kwindawo enabantu abatshayayo.

Amayeza. Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo alifanelanga lisele naliphi iyeza ngaphandle kokuba livunyelwe ngugqirha owaziyo ukuba likhulelwe nozazi kakuhle iingozi ezinokubangelwa kukusela elo yeza. Amanye amayeza aneevithamini anokuba yingozi. Ngokomzekelo, ukusela kakhulu amayeza anovithamini A kunokubangela ukuba usana lube neziphene.

Ukutyeba. Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo lifanele likuphephe ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokutsho kweKrause’s Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy, usana oluzelwe lunomzimba omncinane kakhulu lusesichengeni sokufa kangangezihlandlo ezingama-40 kunosana oluzelwe lunomzimba ofanelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, xa umntu eqiqa ngelithi utyela abantu ababini, loo nto inokumbangela atyebe ngokugqithiseleyo. Emva kweenyanga ezine ibhinqa likhulelwe lidla ngokuthi futhu yaye oko kubonisa ukuba litya ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo.b

Ucoceko nezinye izinto ekumele kunikelwe ingqalelo kuzo. Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo linokuhlamba ngendlela eqhelekileyo kodwa alifanele lifake umxube wokucoca ilungu lesini. Lifanele likulumkele ukudibana naye nabani na oneentsholongwane ezasulelayo, ezifana ne-rubella ekwabizwa ngokuba yiGerman measles. Ngapha koko, ukuze liphephe ukuba netoxoplasmosis lifanele lingayityi inyama engavuthwanga kakuhle, liphephe nokuphatha ilindle lekati. Kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kucoceko, njengokuhlamba izandla nokuhlamba ukutya okukrwada. Ukuba neentlobano zesini akudli ngokuba yingozi, ngaphandle kokuba kusele iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba libeleke okanye liyopha ngokugqithiseleyo, linamahlaba okanye lisandul’ ukuphunyelwa sisisu.

Ukubeleka Ngaphandle Kweengxaki

Ibhinqa elizinyamekelayo xa likhulelwe alidli ngokuba nangxaki xa libeleka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lidla ngokuceba kusengaphambili enoba lifuna ukubelekela ekhaya okanye esibhedlele kusini na. Kwakhona, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, lidla ngokuyazi yonke into elindelekileyo, liyazi nendlela elinokusebenzisana ngayo nombelekisi okanye ugqirha onamava. Ukanti yena umbelekisi okanye ugqirha, uya kuzazi izinto ezifunwa leli bhinqa—izinto elinokukwazi ukuzenzela ukhetho kuzo—njengendlela elifuna ukuma ngayo xa libeleka, ukusikwa kwelungu lesini ukuze libeleke ngokulula, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutsala usana, ukusetyenziswa kwesithomalalisi-zintlungu nokuhlolwa kosana ngezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Kumele kuvunyelwane nangeminye imibandela: Baya kuya kwisiphi isibhedlele okanye ikliniki xa kuvela ingxaki ngoxa libelekela ekhaya? Kuya kwenziwa ntoni xa lisopha kakhulu? Ekubeni amabhinqa amaninzi edla ngokufa xa aye opha ngokugqithiseleyo xa ebeleka, kumele kulungiselelwe ukuba kubekho izinto ezaneleyo ezidla ngokusetyenziswa endaweni yegazi kubaguli abangalwamkeliyo utofelo-gazi. Kwakhona, kufanele kucingwe kusengaphambili ngento enokwenziwa xa kunokufuneka ibhinqa libeleke ngotyando.

IBhayibhile ithi abantwana basisipho esivela kuThixo, ‘balilifa.’ (INdumiso 127:3) Xa ibhinqa elikhulelweyo liyazi bhetele imeko yalo, izinto zinokuhamba kakuhle. Ukuba lizinyamekela kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba likhulelwe naxa likhulelwe yaye ukuba liceba kakuhle ngoko liya kukwenza xa libeleka, liya kuba lenze konke okusemandleni ukuze libeleke kakuhle.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 14]

AMACEBISO KWIBHINQA ELIKHULELWEYO

● Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekutyeni kwebhinqa elikhulelweyo kwamihla le, kufuneka kubekho iziqhamo, imifuno (ingakumbi imifuno eluhlaza, eorenji nebomvu), iimbotyi (njengeesoya, iintlumayo nee-ertyisi), ukutya okuziinkozo (kuquka ingqolowa, umbona neoats—kungabhetele ukutya okuziinkozo okungagutywanga) nokutya okufumaneka ezilwanyaneni (intlanzi, inkuku, inyama yenkomo, amaqanda, itshizi nobisi, kungabhetele ibe lubisi olungenamafutha). Kucetyiswa ukuba lingazityi kakhulu izinto ezinamafutha, iswekile netyuwa. Sela amanzi amaninzi. Zilumkele iziselo ezinecaffeine nokutya okufakwe izinqanda-kubola nezinongo ezitshintsha umbala wokutya. Istarch esisetyenziswa empahleni, udongwe nezinye izinto ezingatyiwayo zinokubangela ukungondleki yaye zinokuba yityhefu.

● Kulumkele ukuhlala ixesha elide kwindawo enezinto eziyingozi, njengendawo enee-X-rays nemichiza eyingozi. Musa ukuzisebenzisa kakhulu izipreyi neminye imichiza yokucoca indlu. Kulumkele ukuhlala ixesha elide kwindawo etshisayo okanye ukwenza umthambo ixesha elide ude ube nesifuthu-futhu. Kuphephe ukuma ixesha elide nokwenza umsebenzi onzima. Sebenzisa amabhanti okhuseleko afanelekileyo xa uhamba ngenqwelo-mafutha.