Ukufuna Ulungelelwaniso Olutsha Lwehlabathi
“AKUKHO zimaphu zakusikhokelela apho siya khona, kweli hlabathi elitsha sizama ukulenza. Njengoko ihlabathi likhangela emva kwiminyaka engamashumi asithoba yemfazwe, yongquzulwano, yokungathembani, nathi masikhangele phambili—kwinkulungwane entsha, nakwiwaka leminyaka elitsha, loxolo, inkululeko nempumelelo.”
Watyatyadula wenjenjalo umongameli George Bush waseUnited States kumagqabaza akhe ngoJanuwari 1, 1990. Kwintetho efanayo, umongameli waseSoviet uMikhail Gorbachev wenza isindululo sokuba kule minyaka yee-1990 kusetyenziswane ukuze kupheliswe “uloyiko nokungathembani, okubangelwa kukwenziwa kwezixhobo ezingeyomfuneko, ziingcamango zobupolitika neemfundiso zomkhosi, eziphelelwe lixesha nemida eyenziwe ngabantu phakathi kwabantu namazwe.” Yanikela loo ngxelo iMainichi Daily News yaseJapan kaJanuwari 3, 1990.
Ngokucacileyo, aba bantu babethembe lukhulu. Babesenjalo nasemva konyaka. Kwintetho yakhe ekuvulweni kweNdlu Yowiso-Mthetho ngoJanuwari 29, 1991, uMongameli Bush wabhekisela kwimfazwe ebiqhubeka kwiPersian Gulf waza wathi: “Eyona nto kuliwa ngayo ingaphezu kwelizwana nje elinye [iKuwait], yingcamango enkulu—ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi apho iintlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo zihlanganiswe kunye ngenjongo efanayo ukuze zizuze into efunwa luluntu lonke: uxolo nonqabiseko, inkululeko nokulawula komthetho.”
Asilulo Usukelo Olungenazinkathazo
Zininzi iingxaki ezingumqobo endleleni yomntu yokufikelela usukelo lwakhe lolungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi. Ngokuqinisekileyo iimfazwe eziliwa ngezixhobo zisisithintelo. Libhekisela kwimfazwe ebiqhubeka ngelo xesha eIraq naseKuwait, iphephancwadi iTime kaJanuwari 28, 1991, lathi: “Njengoko iziqhushumbisi zidubula nemijukujelwa intinga, amathemba olungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi aye athatyathelw’ indawo kukungalungelelani okuqhelekileyo.” Lo lindixesha wongezelela wathi: “Akukho namnye umele azikhohlise ngokuthi ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi ekusoloko kuliliselwa ngalo lufikile okanye lusondele.”
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ayizange khe ibekho, yaye oku kungumqobo endleleni yomntu yokumisela ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi. Kwingxelo ekwincwadi ethi The World & I (Januwari 1991), abaphengululi bahlolisisa “imigaqo-siseko emitsha yamagunya amakhulu yokuqhubana namanye amazwe nomphumo le migaqo esenokuba nayo kulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi.” Lo mhleli waqukumbela ngokuthi: “Imbali ibonisa ukuba kulula nje ukubakho koxolo nokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kunanini na ngaphambili. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe ngamazwe, ngokukodwa phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu, ibalulekile kweli xesha lokuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo nokungena kolungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi.”
Iingxaki ezingokuphathwa kwendalo nazo zikwangumqobo kulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi olufunwa ngabaninzi. KwiState of the World 1991 (ingxelo yeZiko iWorldwatch), uLester R. Brown wathi: “Akukho namnye unokuqiniseka ukuba ulungelelwaniso olutsha luya kuba njani na. Kodwa ukuba siza kwenzela isizukulwana esizayo ikamva eliqaqambileyo, ngoko umgudu omkhulu ofunekayo wokulungisa konke ukonakaliswa komhlaba uya kuba yeyona nto iphambili kwimicimbi yehlabathi kangangamashumi eminyaka ezayo.” Le ngxelo yabonisa ukuba ukungcoliswa komoya kuye “kwafikelela umlinganiselo osongela impilo kwizixeko ezingamakhulu khulu nomlinganiselo oyingozi kwizityalo kumazwe amaninzi.” Yongezelela yathi: “Njengoko amanani abantu abahlala emhlabeni esanda, amanani eendidi zezityalo nezilwanyana ayancipha. Ukonakaliswa kommandla osingqongileyo nongcoliso ziyazinciphisa iindidi zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu nokonakaliswa okuqhubekayo komoya okhusela umhlaba (ozone) kusenokutshabalalisa ezingakumbi.”
Ngoko, licacile elokuba iphulo loluntu lokufuna ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi lizaliswe ziingxaki. Ngaba eli phulo liya kuphumelela? Ngaba kunokuthiwa ihlabathi elitsha lisemnyango? Ukuba kunjalo, liya kubakho njani?