Kwenzeka Ntoni KwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo?
KUKHO okuthile okwenzekayo kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Kwenzeka iziganeko ezibambis’ ongezantsi neziya kuchaphazela ikamva lakho. Iinkokeli zehlabathi zikhangele ngamehlo abomvu kuzo. Khawuqwalasele oko zikuthethayo:
“Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane anesihlanu zikho, emva kokungasebenzi kakuhle ithuba elide, [iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo] ziyazibonakalisa kuthi, yaye ngoku zivela njengomgwebi wokwenyaniso, ziwisa umthetho yaye zizabalazela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyathotyelwa.”—UMongameli uFrançois Mitterrand waseFransi kwintlanganiso yama-45 yeNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngoSeptemba 24, 1990.
Kwakule ntlanganiso inye, owayesakuba nguMphathiswa Wezangaphandle eSoviet uEduard Shevardnadze wathi “ubani akanakungaxoli ngomanyano olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lweBhunga Lokhuseleko [leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo] . . . Ukuma okuthatyathwe ngamalungu eNtlangano [yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo] kubangela ukuba iBhunga Lokhuseleko libe negunya lokwenza nantoni na eya kufuneka ukuze kulondolozwe uxolo lwehlabathi.”
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, uMongameli uGeorge Bush waseUnited States wanikela intetho kwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Iinguqulelo awazibonayo zamshukumisela ukuba athi: “Ukususela ngowe-1945 asizange sikubone kunokwenzeka ngokwenene ukusebenzisa iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukuze kufezwe injongo yokumiselwa kwazo—njengomthombo walo lonke unqabiseko lwezizwe ngezizwe.” Wakuthetha oku ngenxa yokuba kumanqam abekwiPersian Gulf “iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zasabela ngolona manyano nokuzimisela okuphawulekayo embalini. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, iBhunga Lokhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo liqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi elalimiselwe wona.” Kwakhona wathi: “IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zinokufak’ isandla ekuziseni ulungelelwaniso olutsha” ukuba amalungu azo ‘azibeka phantsi izixhobo eziyingozi.’ Ngokwenza oku, anokuwufeza “umzabalazo ongokwembali wokuzisa ulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi elitsha noxolo oluhlala ithuba elide.”
UMnu. Guido de Marco, umongameli weNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, wayenethemba elifanayo. Ngehlombe wabhengeza oku: “Inkqubo entsha esekelwe kubuhlobo nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamagunya aphambili iyabonakala elundini phayaa. . . . Ezi ziganeko ziye zayihlaziya iNtlangano yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.” Wathi “indima yeNgqungquthela njengesiseko seengxoxo nothethathethwano lwezizwe ngezizwe, ibuye yaqinisekiswa ngendlela echukumisayo.” Ngenxa yoku, wahlabela mgama esithi: “Ihlabathi alisasongelwa yiArmagedon esenokubangelwa kukukhuphisana ngezimvo.”
Ziziphi “ezi ziganeko” ezithe ngokukhawuleza zabangela ukuba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zizibone zikweli nqanaba ekwakukudala lilindelwe lokuba zibe nodumo nempembelelo? Yintoni ebangele ukuba nethemba elinjalo neliye lashukumisela iinkokeli zehlabathi ukuba zithethe ngentembelo ‘ngolungelelwaniso lwehlabathi elitsha noxolo oluhlala ithuba elide’ olungasongelwa yiArmagedon yenyukliya?
Yintoni Ezise Inguqulelo?
USosiba-Jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo uJavier Pérez de Cuéllar kwingxelo yakhe yowe-1990 engokusebenza kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo waphendula wathi: “Kukuyeka ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo [eYurophu].” Kangangamashumi eminyaka loo meko inkenenkene “yabangela ukukrokrelana noloyiko yaza yabangela ukwahlulelana kwehlabathi okungapheliyo.” Wathi “ingcamango yonqabiseko [leyo] iye yaqal’ ukuvela yileyo kanye iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo beziyimisela ukutyhubela iminyaka.”
Usosiba-jikelele wathi bekubonakala ukuba ekugqibeleni iintlanga bezifunda ukuba “ukumilisel’ ingqondo kukhuseleko lwezomkhosi kubangela ukwanda kokhuphiswano lwezixhobo, . . . kuthintela iingxoxo zobupolitika, . . . yaye kubangela ukuba onke amazwe azive enganqabisekanga ngakumbi.” Ibe esi simo sengqondo sitsha sivelise ntoni?
Umoya wentsebenziswano efudumeleyo nokuthembana uye wakho kwiintlanganiso zeenkokeli zamagunya amakhulu ehlabathi. Njengokuba lo moya ukhula, akubone kungaseyomfuneko ukuba nenani elilinganayo lemikhosi exhobe yaf’ amacala ekhusele iindawo ezibalulekileyo eYurophu. UDonga lwaseBerlin lwadilizwa. IJamani yamanyaniswa. Amazwe amaninzi aseMpuma Yurophu amisela oorhulumente abatsha, enika abemi bawo inkululeko abangazange babe nayo ngaphambili. Imida eyayivaliwe yavulwa ukwenzela ukhenketho, unaniselwano ngezinto zempucuko norhwebo. Yaye eyona nto iphawuleka ngakumbi kukuba iSoviet Union neUnited States ziye zaqalisa ukuzizukisa iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zaza zavakalisa imfuneko yokuzisebenzisa njengamandla anempembelelo kwiphulo lehlabathi lokufuna uxolo nonqabiseko.
Ukuba Nembono Yokwenene
Ngaba uye wamangaliswa zezi nguqulelo zenzeke ngequbuliso? Ngaba uye waqalisa ukucinga ukuba, ekugqibeleni, uxolo nonqabiseko luselundini phayaa nokuba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziya kukhokela ekufikeleleni usukelo olunjalo? Ngenxa yoko kwenzekileyo, siyasiqonda isizathu sokuba kubekho olu lindelo. Noko ke, ubulumko nembali zincomela ukuba sibe nembono yokwenene ngolu lindelo.
Phawula oko uMnu. Pérez de Cuéllar wakuthethayo kwingxelo yakhe: “Kangangezihlandlo ezibini kule nkulungwane, emva kweemfazwe ezimbini ezibhuqayo, amathemba okuziswa kolungelelwaniso loxolo emhlabeni jikelele awazange azaliseke ngokupheleleyo.” UMongameli Bush wasebenzisa phantse amazwi afanayo kwintetho yakhe kwintlanganiso yawo onke amalungu eNdlu Yowiso-mthetho yaseUnited States ngoMatshi 6, 1991. “Kangangezihlandlo ezibini ngaphambili kule nkulungwane, ihlabathi liphela lagungqiswa yimfazwe. Kangangezihlandlo ezibini kule nkulungwane, kuloyiko lwemfazwe kwavela ithemba loxolo oluhlala luhleli. Kangangezihlandlo ezibini ngaphambili, loo mathemba angqineka ekukuza kukaNxele, engaphaya kwamandla omntu.”
USosiba weLizwe laseUnited States uJames Baker wahlab’ emxholweni xa wayenikela intetho kwiBhunga Lokhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Xa wayefuna ukuba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zenze isigqibo ngokusetyenziswa komkhosi kwiPersian Gulf, wawakhumbuza amaqabane akhe ukuba xa iEthiopia ngowe-1936 “yenza isibongozo kuManyano Lwezizwe asizange siphulaphulwe. Imigudu yoManyano yokushenxisa unobangela wokuhlaselwa kwayo ayizange ibe nampumelelo kwaza kwavela isiphithiphithi nemfazwe ehlabathini.” Wandula ke uMnu. Baker wabongoza oku: “Asifanele siyekele iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zihambe ngekhondo loManyano Lwezizwe.”
Lwaluyintoni uManyano Lwezizwe? Kwakutheni ukuze luyilwe? Kwakutheni ukuze lusilele? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo zinokusenza siziqonde iinguqulelo ezenzeka kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.