ICuzco—Inhloko-dolobha Yasendulo Yama-Inca
Ngumlobeli We-phaphama! Eperu
SASIBAMBE umoya njengoba indiza esasiyigibele yayehlela phansi esigodini esincane. Yayisizothi cababa edolobheni elidumile laseCuzco, ePeru. Ngisho noma leli dolobha lakhiwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3400, izintaba ezingamangelengele ziphakeme kunalo, okwenza kwabonakala kuyingozi kakhulu ukuhlala phansi kwendiza yethu. Ngokujabulisayo, yahlala ngokulondekile. Kwaba injabulo ukubona leli dolobha elidumile elinezakhamuzi ezingu-275 000, elake laba inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso omkhulu wama-Inca.
Isiko lasendulo lama-Inca lisabonakala eCuzco. Izakhamuzi eziningi zalelo dolobha zisakhuluma isiQuechua. Eqinisweni, abantu abayizigidi ezingaba ngu-8 abahlala okhahlamba lwase-Andes basakhuluma lolu limi lwasendulo. Muva nje, umphakathi okhuluma isiQuechua wanxusa iziphathimandla ukuba zishintshe igama elithi Cuzco lithi Qosqo, njengoba indlela yokuphimisela elithi Qosqo ithi ayifane negama lokuqala ngesiQuechua.
Idolobha Lasendulo
Izazi-mlando zithi leli dolobha laba khona eminyakeni engaba ngu-1500 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Cishe kwakungesikhathi lapho uMose ehola abakwa-Israyeli ebakhipha eGibithe. Khona-ke, eminyakeni engaba ngu-600 edlule, uPachacuti, umbusi wesi-9 wama-Inca, wakha ubumba ngesandla wabumba umfanekiso waleli dolobha elisha laseCuzco, eliklanywe kabusha. UPachacuti waqala ukubusa eminyakeni engu-89 ngaphambi kokufika kwabanqobi baseSpain cishe ngo-1527. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe leli dolobha laguqulwa idolobhakazi eliklanywe kahle elinezinkulungwane zezindlu, okuyisisekelo seCuzco yanamuhla.
Ngokwabanye abantu bomdabu, leli dolobha lalihlukene izingxenye ezine, kusuka enkabeni yalo lapho kwakunesigcawu khona. Lesi sigcawu sasaziwa ngokuthi i-huacaypata ngesiQuechua, indawo yemikhosi, ukuphumula nokuphuza. Ezinye izazi zolimi lwesiQuechua zithi elithi “Cuzco,” noma “Qosqo,” lisho ukuthi “iNkaba Yomhlaba.” Ngakho, inkaba yesigcawu saseCuzco yaba i-chawpi, noma “inkaba yenkaba yoMbuso wama-Inca.”
EseCuzco, umbusi wama-Inca wayebusa izingxenye ze-Argentina yanamuhla, iBolivia, iChile, iColombia, i-Ecuador nePeru—ingxenye enkulu eyizwe elicebile nelivundile. Abantu babephumelela kwezolimo ngokwakha imisele eminingi engalingani ngokuphakama. Kulemisele babetshala ezinye zezitshalo okusavela kuzo ingxenye enkulu yokudla komhlaba, njengamazambane nobhontshisi okuthiwa i-lima bean.
Ukunqamula kulelizwe lama-Inca cishe kwakungaba nzima ngaphandle kwesimiso semigwaqo esihle esasinqamula kulo lonke lelizwe. KuleCuzco ekhangayo umuntu ucabanga ngama-Inca asendulo efika nohide lwawo lwama-llama, okuyisilwane esithwalayo sase-Andes. Umthwalo wawo oyigugu wawuhlanganisa amatshe ayigugu, ithusi, isiliva negolide.
Igolide laliyinsada, kodwa ama-Inca ayengalisebenzisi njengemali. Ngenxa yokukhazimula kwalo okuphuzi, igolide lalihlanganiswa nonkulunkulu wama-Inca, ilanga. Ngokuvamile, amathempeli nezigodlo zawo kwakuhlotshiswa ngezingcwecwe zegolide. Aze enza ngisho nengadi yegolide, eyayinezilwane nezitshalo ezaziqoshwe ngegolide. Ake ucabange indlela eyayikhanga ngayo iCuzco yasendulo, izakhiwo zayo ezembozwe ngegolide zikhazinyuliswa yilanga! Ngokuqondakalayo, insada enjalo yegolide yaheha abahlaseli abanobugovu baseSpain, abayinqoba futhi bayiphanga ngo-1533.
Indlela Yokwakha Eyingqayizivele YaseCuzco
Ama-Inca ashiyela iCuzco yanamuhla indlela enhle neyingqayizivele yokwakha ngamatshe. Izakhiwo eziningi zanamuhla zakhiwe ezindongeni zamatshe osekuyiminyaka engamakhulu zikhona. Amanye amatshe ayesikwa ngendlela yokuba angene khaxa ezindaweni ezithile ezindongeni. Olunye udonga, olukhanga izivakashi ezibuka amazwe, lunelitshe elinjalo elisikwe laba nezinhlangothi ezingu-12 ezingafani! Ngenxa yokusikwa kwawo aba nezinhlangothi eziningi ezingafani, lamatshe anjengokhiye abangena ezingidini zabo kuphela.
Ama-Inca ayeyizingcweti zokwakha ngamatshe. Ngaphandle kosizo lobuchwepheshe banamuhla, ayekwazi ukusika amatshe ngokunembe kangangokuba lapho esebekiwe, ngisho nokudla kommese kwakungenakungena phakathi kwawo! Amanye alamatshe anesisindo esingamathani amaningi lilinye. Kuseyimfihlakalo ukuthi laba bantu basendulo babewatholaphi amakhono anjena.
Inkolo ECuzco
Njengoba sebamukele inkolo yamaKatolika, abantu bomdabu abangamaQuechua abasabhekwa njengabakhulekeli belanga. Nokho, basenezinkolelo zabo zobuqaba zokukholelwa emoyeni ohlukene nomzimba ezaba khona ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ama-Inca akhulekele ilanga. Basagubha inkathi yokuvuna ngokunikela ngemihlatshelo kulokho abakubiza ngokuthi i-Pacha-Mama, okususelwa egameni lesiQuechua elisho “umama ongumhlaba.”
OFakazi BakaJehova baqhubeka ngempumelelo enkulu nohlelo lwabo lwemfundo yeBhayibheli ePeru. Sekuyisikhathi eside manje i-Watch Tower Society inyathelisa izincwadi zeBhayibheli ngesiQuechua ukuze abantu abakhuluma isiQuechua bathole isigijimi soMbuso ngolimi lwabo lomdabu. Kunezindawo eziyisithupha lapho kuqhutshwa khona imihlangano yobuKristu ngalolo limi.
ICuzco ayisabhekwa njengenkaba yomhlaba, kodwa izivakashi ezibuka amazwe zisathuthelekela kuleli dolobha eliyingqayizivele. Mhlawumbe nawe ngelinye ilanga uyovakashela ePeru ekhangayo!
[Izithombe ekhasini 18, 19]
1. Isithombe sasemoyeni seCuzco nesigcawu sayo
2. Ama-Inca ayesika amatshe ngokunembe kangangokuba ukudla kommese kwakungenakungena phakathi kwawo
3. Isembatho esivamile sasePeru
4. Ama-“llama” ayizilwane ezithwalayo zase-Andes