IWashi—Iphepha Lasendulo LaseJapane Lokuzenzela

Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eJapane

LAPHO ungena emzini womdabu waseJapane, ungena ngomnyango ococekile, owenziwe ngezintingo eziphanjanisiwe. Lapho usungaphakathi, cishe uyobona isihenqo esihlotshisiwe esisongwayo. Ekamelweni, ungabona eminye imihlobiso, njengonodoli, imiqulu elengayo enemidwebo noma umbhalo owubuciko, izembozo zamalambu, izitsha zokuphatha ezihlotshisiwe noma amabhokisi. Zonke lezinto ezihlukahlukene zifana ngento eyodwa—zenziwe ngewashi—iphepha lokuzenzela laseJapane ongenza ngalo okuningi.

Umlando Omude

AmaJapane athola ubuciko bokwenza iphepha eChina ekhulwini lesikhombisa leminyaka C.E. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane, iwashi yokuzenzela yabusa kakhulu njengowukuphela kwephepha laseJapane. Kwezinye izindawo, yonke imizana yayiphila ngokwenza iphepha; eminye yayo yaduma ngekhono layo lephepha elicolekile eyayilikhiqiza.

Engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu le-19 leminyaka, ukwenza iphepha kwase kuyinto echumayo eJapane. Kwachuma amafekthri ephepha acishe abe inkulungwane kulo lonke lelozwe. Nokho, ngokufika kwenguquko yezezimboni, ukwenza iwashi, kanye nezinye izimboni zemisebenzi yezandla, kwaqala ukwehla. Nokho, ngisho nanamuhla isiko lewashi lokuzenzela lisagcinwa liphila ezindaweni ezithile ngenxa yezimfanelo zalo zobuciko.

Indlela Iwashi Eyenziwa Ngayo

AmaShayina ayenza iphepha lawo ngosilika, ilineni, nangezidwedwe ezindala zikakotini, amanetha okudoba, nangegxolo lesihlahla samajikijolo. Ekuqaleni, abenzi bephepha baseJapane babesebenzisa lezinto ezifanayo. Kamuva, bahlola ngezinto abakwaziyo ukuzithola kalula, njengegxolo langaphakathi lesihlahla imitsumata (umalibhele wephepha), igampi (isitshalo saseJapane sasentabeni), ngisho nomhlanga.

Izithako kumelwe kuqala zenziwe idokwe elinemicu. Lena inqubo ekhandlayo nedinga ukunakekela ehilela ukubhula, ukupheka, ukuphala, ukucwilisa, ukuhluba, nokunye. Impuqumpuqu etholakala lapho ixutshwa namanzi ukuze imicu intante kahle.

Endaweni yokusebenzela yoqobo lapho igampi isetshenziswa khona, abesifazane baguqa bazungeze obhavu abakhulu bokhuni abagcwele amanzi. Besebenza ngezandla zabo, bahlanza futhi bahlukanise imicu yegampi emanzini kuze kube yilapho kwakheka into eyidokwe ehlangene.

Kulenhlanganisela emanzi esinye isisebenzi sifaka isisefo esikhulu, esinezimbobo ezincane esifakwe ohlakeni lokhuni oluqinile. Njengoba loluhlaka luphakanyiswa, amanzi ayasefeka, eshiya imicu ecolekile esisefweni ukuze ihlangane ndawonye yakhe ucwecwe lwewashi. Uchwepheshe wangempela uyoveza ukuthi ucwecwe oluhle lwenziwa ngokucwilisa isisefo izikhathi eziningana enhlanganiseleni engashubile kunokukwenza kanye esobheni elishubile.

Khona-ke isisefo sibhekiswa phansi etafuleni elikhulu. Njengoba sibamba uhlangothi olunganeno kakhulu lwesisefo, isisebenzi sisiphakamisa ngokucophelela, sishiya ucwecwe olumanzi lwewashi etafuleni. Inqubo yokucwilisa iyaphindwa, futhi ucwecwe olusha lwendlalwa khona kanye phezu kwelokuqala. Izingcwecwe zenziwa olunye ngemva kolunye, futhi ngokushesha kwenzeka inqwaba econsayo yephepha elimanzi.

Ukuze izingcwecwe zinganamathelani, okuthile okuncikinciki okubizwa ngokuthi itororo, okwenziwa ngezimpande zohlobo oluthile lwehibiscus, kunezelwa emanzini. Lokhu okunezelwayo kwandisa futhi nokushuba kwamanzi, ngaleyondlela kuwenza angavuzi kakhulu esisefweni. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba imicu ihlangane kangcono. Umenzi wewashi ongumakadebona angasho ngokuthinta nje lapho kushube ngokwanele.

Ezinsukwini zakudala, izingcwecwe zazendlalwa ngazinye emabhodini futhi zomiswe elangeni. Nakuba lendlela isasetshenziswa, amafekthri amaningi ewashi omisa iphepha lawo ezingcwecweni ezishisayo zensimbi.

Isiko Elingapheli

Nakuba iwashi ingaseyona into eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukubhala eJapane, isenendawo yayo kwezobuciko. Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuyo njengephepha lobuciko ngenxa yemikhiqizo eminingi yephepha engokwesiko neyobuciko eyenziwa ngayo.

Imifanekiso yobungcweti yezimbali, izihlahla, izinyoni, izindawo, neminye imiklamo kwenziwa ngokunamathisela ndawonye imicu yewashi yemibala ehlukahlukene. Izigcawu eziprintwe kuyiwashi yizingcweti ezidumile zaseJapane, njengoHiroshige noHokusai, zaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Iwashi iyasetshenziswa futhi nakolunye uhlobo lokudweba olubizwa ngokuthi inihonga. Ingxube egayiwe yetshe nengilazi enombala nenhlama emanzi ipendwa ngebhulashi ezingcwecweni zewashi ezingamamitha angu-1,8 nhlangothi zonke noma ngaphezudlwana, ezenzelwe ngokukhethekile loluhlobo lokudweba. Leliphepha eliyingqayizivele liyasetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni izikhwama, izikhwama zemali, iziphephetha-moya, izambulela, amakite, izibani, onodoli bephepha, kanye nezinto ezinkudlwana njengezindonga-mbumbulu nezihenqo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithakazelo kuloluhlobo lobuciko, kunemibukiso ethandwayo, futhi abenzi banamuhla bewashi baqhuba amakilasi obuciko.

Inkathi ethandwayo yewashi yaseJapane manje iyingxenye yomlando. Nokho, lelisiko liyaphela ekucebiseni ukuphila kwabantu emphakathini omatasa, wesimanje.

[Izithombe ekhasini 23-25]

Izinto ezenziwe nge“washi” yoqobo:

ikhasi 23, umklamo wentaba ephepheni lemvilophu;

ikhasi 24, onodoli bephepha, izinti zokudla zihlotshiswe nge“washi,” nezinto zokubekisa encwadini;

ikhasi 25, inyoni eyenziwe ngendlela ye“origami”, isiphephetha-moya, nezinto zokuhlobisa zama“kimono”