Isehlukaniso—Lapho IMpumalanga Ithonywa INtshonalanga
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eJapane
“NGIVUMELE nami ngithathe umhlala-phansi emsebenzini wami.” Lamazwi ashaqisa umqondisi womnyango othile owayethatha umhlala-phansi enkampanini enkulu yezohwebo yaseJapane. Umkakhe wayefuna ukuthatha umhlala-phansi ekubeni umngane wakhe womshado nomnakekeli wekhaya. Izwe lakubo libhekene nokwanda kwesilinganiso salo sezehlukaniso, ngokumangalisayo, esihlasela abaphakathi kweminyaka engamashumi amane kuya kwabaneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nabakhulile. Phakathi kwalabo abaseminyakeni yabo yawo-50 nawo-60, inani lezehlukaniso liye laphindeka kathathu eminyakeni engu-20. Ukudela imishado yabo kubonakala kuye kwaba ithuba labo lokugcina lokuthola ukuphila okujabulisa ngokwengeziwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesilinganiso sobudala, imibhangqwana esemisha ekhungathekisanayo phakathi neholide layo langemva komshado inquma ukuba ne-Narita rikon (isehlukaniso saseNarita). INarita iyisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu saseTokyo, futhi leligama libhekisela emibhangqwaneni esanda kushada evalelisanayo nedela imishado yayo lapho iphindela emuva eNarita. Eqinisweni, umbhangqwana owodwa kwemine noma emihlanu uzama ukuthola isehlukaniso eJapane. Ibheka isehlukaniso njengesiholela ekuphileni okujabulisa ngokwengeziwe.
Ngisho naseHong Kong, lapho izindinganiso zakudala zamaShayina zisenamandla khona, isilinganiso sezehlukaniso saphindeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili eminyakeni eyisithupha phakathi kuka-1981 no-1987. ESingapore, isehlukaniso phakathi kwakho kokubili amaMuslim nabangewona lenyuka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-70 phakathi kuka-1980 no-1988.
Kuyavunywa, sekuyisikhathi eside imibono yabesifazane eMpumalanga ibukelwa phansi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezikhathini zakudala eJapane, indoda yayingafakela umkayo isehlukaniso ngokuloba “imigqa emithathu nengxenye” nje kuphela. Okwakumelwe nje ikwenze kwakuwukubhala phansi imigqa emithathu nengxenye yamazwi aqinisekisa isehlukaniso futhi inikeze umkayo lelipheshana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkayo wayengenayo indlela elula yokuthola isehlukaniso ngaphandle kokufuna isiphephelo ethempelini elalinikeza isivikelo kwabesifazane ababalekela amadoda anobudlova. Engenazo izindlela zokuzinakekela, amakhosikazi kwakumelwe akhuthazelele imishado engenaluthando ngisho nokuziphatha kobulili kwangaphandle komshado kwabayeni bawo.
Namuhla, amadoda amaningi ahileleka kakhulu emisebenzini yawo akhohlwa imikhaya yawo cishe ngokuphelele. Awaboni lutho olungalungile ekuphileleni inkampani ayisebenzelayo. Enokuzinikela okunjalo emsebenzini, awasinaki isidingo sokukhulumisana nawomkawo futhi ababheka njengezigqila ezingakhokhelwa eziwaphekelayo, eziwahlanzelayo, neziwawashelayo.
Nokho, ukungena kwemibono yaseNtshonalanga kuguqula indlela abesifazane baseMpumalanga ababheka ngayo umshado nokuphila kwasemshadweni. “‘Inkululeko’ yabesifazane” kuphawula i-Asia Magazine, “ngokuqondakalayo iwukuphela kwesici esibaluleke kakhulu esiholela esilinganisweni esandayo sezehlukaniso e-Asia.” U-Anthony Yeo, umqondisi we-Counselling and Care Centre yaseSingapore, wathi: “Abesifazane baye bawamelela ngokwengeziwe amalungelo abo futhi baba abakukhathalela ngokwengeziwe ukuhlonipheka kwabo. Abasazimisele ukuthula futhi babekezelele isimo esingathandeki. Abesifazane banamuhla banenkululeko eyengeziwe yokuzikhethela futhi abakubekezeleli ukunganakwa nokuxhashazwa. Futhi labo abangayitholi injabulo emshadweni abakukhetha ngempela kuba isehlukaniso, ikakhulukazi njengoba isihlamba esihlobene naso siye salulazwa, futhi lokhu kwakungenjalo eminyakeni engu-25 edlule.”
Namazwe aseNtshonalanga aye abhekana noshintsho olukhulu phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule. USamuel H. Preston wabiza lolushintsho ngokuthi “ukuzamazama komhlaba okwawuzamazamisa kakhulu umkhaya waseMelika eminyakeni engu-20 edlule.” Ngo-1985 cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine zawo wonke amakhaya anezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 kwakuyimikhaya enomzali oyedwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesehlukaniso. Kubikezelwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 ezingane ezazalwa ngo-1984 angase ahlale emikhayeni enomzali oyedwa ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni engu-18.
Njengoba ilungiselelo lomshado liwohloka, ingabe ngempela isehlukaniso siholela ekuphileni okujabulisa ngokwengeziwe? Ukuze sithole impendulo okokuqala ake sihlole lokho okwabangela abantu ukuba babheke isehlukaniso njengekhambi lezinkinga zemikhaya yabo.
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Umvuzo “Wokuhlala Njengabahlukanisile”
NGAPHANSI kwenani lezehlukaniso zangempela kukhona izehlukaniso “ezingakaveli obala.” EJapane, lapho abesifazane abaningi besancike kubayeni babo ngokomnotho futhi bengaphansi kwesiko eliphikelelayo lokubuswa abesilisa, ngokuphoqwa isimo imibhangqwana ingase ihlale ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlala njengabahlukanisile.” Esimweni esinjalo, amakhosikazi athambekele ekusebenziseni wonke amandla awo ekukhuliseni izingane. Ngokuvamile labomama batotosa ngokweqile, benze kube nzima ngezingane zabo ukuba kamuva zizimele zona ngokwazo.
Ngenxa yalokho, lapho amadodana omama abanjalo ekhula futhi eshada, amaningi awo aphathwa “isifo sesimo sengqondo sokungakufuni ukuthintana okungokomzimba kokubonisa uthando.” Lawa awabathinti nhlobo omkawo ngendlela yokubonisa uthando, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuphila kwasemshadweni. Ahlushwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkinga ‘yokuthanda uMama’ futhi ngokuvamile ashada ngoba onina bawatshela ukuba enze kanjalo. Ngokwe-Asahi Evening News, uDkt. Yasushi Narabayashi, ophathelene nezokweluleka abashadile, uthi lenkinga ibilokhu yanda esikhathini esingangeshumi leminyaka nokuthi kunamashumi ezinkulungwane zamadoda esabayo ukufuna iseluleko ngenxa yokuba namahloni.