Intsha Iyabuza . . .

Izimfashini—Yini Ezenza Zikhange?

U-AVERY osemusha ungomunye wezinkulungwane—mhlawumbe izigidi—zentsha eye yathunjwa imfashini ethandwayo yokugqoka izikibha ezineziqubulo. Yiqiniso, sekuyisikhathi eside izikibha ezineziqubulo zikhona; kungenzeka ngisho nabazali bakho bake bazigqoka lapho besebasha. Nokho, ngokukamagazini i-Newsweek, kunesici esisha kulemfashini. Enye intsha “izigabisa ngezikibha ezinezigijimi eziyinhlamba ngokusobala.”

Lezizikibha ezintsha zineziqubulo eziningi ezingabhaleki phansi. Zisukela ekujivazeni ngokobuhlanga kuya ekuthukeni abesifazane. Abalandela lemfashini kubonakala bengenandaba nokuthi abanye abantu—kuhlanganise nabazali babo—bazizwa kanjani ngaleziziqubulo ezimbi. Lapho u-Andrea oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala ebuza osemusha othile ukuthi kungani ayegqoke isikibha esinesigijimi esicasulayo, “inkukhu yanqunywa umlomo, wamane waveza izaba ezinjengokuthi, ‘Sikahle’ nokuthi ‘Wonke umuntu uyasigqoka.’”

Emashumini eminyaka adlule, izindathane zezimfashini ziye zaheha intsha. Enye yezimfashini ezazithandwa kakhulu—neyayinenzuzo—kunazo zonke e-United States emuva ngawo-1950 kwakuyi-Hula-Hoop. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kwakuthandwa ukugwinya i-goldfish nokubona ukuthi bangaki abantu abangangena egunjini lokushaya ucingo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-break dance, obhogadi abaphuphile, amabhodi okushwibeka, “nokunqamula njengonyazi” (ukugijima obala unqunu) konke kwakuthandwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Omunye umlobi weBhayibheli waqaphela: “Isimo salelizwe siyadlula.” (1 Korinte 7:31) Namuhla, izimfashini eziningi—ezinye zisukela kweziwubuwula kuya kweziyingozi—ziyathandeka kakhulu entsheni.

Intsha Nezingubo Zayo Ezisemfashinini

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izingubo. Ngokukamagazini i-Time, umculo we-rap (ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hip-hop) “manje cishe uwumkhiqizo waseMelika wobuchwepheshe ophumelela kunayo yonke, ofinyelela, futhi ocishe ubuse isiko lentsha emhlabeni wonke.” Kodwa, njengoba wazi kamhlophe, i-rap ayiwona nje umculo. I-Time iyanezela: “Futhi i-rap iyimfashini yomhlaba wonke. Ukuguqulwa kwezingubo ezigqokwa emgwaqweni eMelika—amabhulukwe axegayo, amateki abizayo, izikibha ezinezigqoko, ubukhazikhazi bamagugu okuhloba—kubonakala yonke indawo.” Ukugqugquzela ngokweqile kwamaqembu athandwayo—nangama-video omculo—kuye kwabhebhethekisa ukuchuma ngokushesha kwezitayela ze-hip-hop.

Izingubo ezixegayo ziyabiza—ngokuvamile amateki afika emaqakaleni amba eqolo! Kodwa intsha eningi inomuzwa wokuthi kuyifanele lentengo. Ngokomunye osemusha okuthiwa uMarcus, “uma ungagqoki izingubo ezixegayo, awamukeleki eqenjini le-hip hop.”

Lokho kumane kulungile entsheni ethambekele ekuthandeni ukubukeka kwemvunulo “ye-grunge.” Obhogadi abadabukile namayembe amabhangqubhangqu okuphawula loluhlobo lokugqoka kwadunyiswa amaqembu athile e-rock omshoshaphansi aseMelika. Omunye umlobi wabiza inyufomu “ye-grunge” ngokuthi “okokwenza sengathi umpofu.” Ngempela, ukuzenzisa. Lezizembatho zobudlabha ziyabiza. Bese kuba khona “imfashini ehlehlela emuva.” Ngokukamagazini waseCanada i-Maclean’s, lezi “izimfashini ezivuselela izimfashini zasekupheleni kwawo-1960 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970.” Abantu abadala bakhexa umlomo lapho bebona intsha ikhokha imali eshisiwe ngenxa yalezizimpahla—njengezicathulo ezinesoli ewugqinsi namabhulukwe avulekile ngezansi—okwakubonakala kuphelelwe isikhathi njengomculo we-disco.

Imfashini Ephambili Yobuchwepheshe Obuphakeme

Ama-beeper ama-electron angena ephaketheni angesinye sezibonelo zokuthi intsha enobuciko ingaphendula cishe noma yini iyenze imfashini ephambili. Njengoba ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe abahlale bephuthuma, lemishini yathandeka ngokushesha kubathengisi bezidakamizwa basemadolobheni. Lama-beeper akwenza kwaba lula ukuba abathengisi bezidakamizwa bahlele imihlangano nabantu abangaba abathengi. Ngokwe-New York Times, “ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwasakazeka kangangokuba [ama-pager angena ephaketheni] aba uphawu lwabahweba ngezidakamizwa.” Khona-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi ezweni lonke izigungu zezikole zaqala ukuvimbela lemishini emincane ezikoleni!

Nokho, kwaba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Intsha yasemadolobheni iwathanda kakhulu ama-beeper. Enye iwasebenzisela injongo aklanyelwe yona, njengamathuluzi okukhulumisana, asiza abazali bayo ukuba baqonde kangcono lapho ikhona noma baxhumane nayo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Kodwa kwenye intsha, lelithuluzi limane liyinto esemfashinini. Ngokwe-Times, “intsha ifaka ama-beeper kojosaka, emaphaketheni amabhantshi nasemabhandeni. Kukhona ama-beeper angamawashi, othayi, amapeni, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abomvana nabomvu, navamile akudala amnyama nansundu.” Nakuba abanye abantu abadala bemane bahlanganise ama-beeper nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, esinye isikhulu samaphoyisa saseNew York City sithi: “Amane ayizinto ezidayiseka kalula. Zimbalwa izingane ezinawo ezisebenzisa izidakamizwa, kodwa iningi alizisebenzisi. Amane nje asemfashinini.”

Izimfashini—Ziyinqaba Futhi Ziyingozi

Nakuba izimfashini zezingubo zingase zibekezelelwe futhi ezinye zicasule, ezinye izimfashini kubonakala sengathi ziphula yonke imithetho yokwahlulela okuhle. Ukuze abukeke ezacile njengabanye abakhangisi bengqephu abathandwayo, amantombazanyana amaningi aqala umkhuba osemfashinini wokunciphisa ukudla—engacabangi ngemiphumela ongaba nayo empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yawo. Umlobi u-Alvin Rosenbaum uyabhala: “Ukunciphisa ukudla kuthandwa ezweni lonke. Bheka noma yiluphi uhla lwezincwadi eziyishumi ezidayiswa kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile uyoyithola incwadi ephathelene nokunciphisa ukudla.” URosenbaum ubonisa ukuthi eziningi zalezizincwadi ezithandwayo zikhuthaza ukunciphisa ukudla ngendlela engabazisayo. Ochwepheshe abaningi basola imfashini yokuzaca ngenxa yokwanda kwemikhuba yokuphazamiseka kokudla—njenge-anorexia nervosa—entsheni.a

Ezinye izindlela zokuzenza komuntu ukuba akhange nazo zingase zibe ingozi—futhi zibe inqaba. Ngokwesihloko esithile ku-Newsweek, “ukuzidweba imifanekiso emzimbeni, ubuciko babantu abangaphucuzekile nabangenamthetho, bekulokhu kuthuthukela ekubeni imfashini ephambili kancane kancane.” Ikhuthazwa izibonelo zosaziwayo bamabhayisikobho nabaculi be-rock enesigqi esinamandla, enye intsha ilangazelela ithuba lokudwetshwa imifanekiso eyinkimbinkimbi ehlala unomphela emizimbeni yayo. Izixwayiso zodokotela ngezingozi zokusha kwesibindi nokungezwani komzimba noyinki wokudweba lemifanekiso kubonakala zingazigqizi qakala.

Noma kuthiwani ngemfashini eyinqaba ebizwa ngokuthi ukubhoboza umzimba? Nakuba ukubhoboza izindlebe kungase kube into evamile kwabesifazane kwamanye amasiko, abanye baye beqisa kakhulu futhi baye babhoboza izindimi zabo nezinkaba abalengisa kuzo amagugu okuhloba. Kunoma yimuphi osemusha ozimisele ukucasula abazali bakhe, ukufaka indandatho enkulu ekhaleni kuyinto embi kakhulu angayenza ukuze nje ashaqise abazali bakhe.

Izimfashini—Zibangelwa Yini?

Incwadi ethi Adolescents and Youth ichaza imfashini ngokuthi “umkhuba wesikhashana ofana ncamashí nokukhulekela okuthile. Izimfashini zihlala isikhashana futhi ziyashintshashintsha, futhi zivame kakhulu entsheni.” Kodwa yini ngempela eyenza ukuba ngokungazelele izigidi zentsha zigqoke obhogadi abaxegayo noma ziphathe ama-beeper? Abenzi nabakhangisi balezizinto bangajabula uma bengaba nempendulo engokwesayensi kulowombuzo. Isihloko esithile kumagazini waseBrithani i-Economist savuma: “Kubonakala sengathi izimfashini zimelana nencazelo ehluzekile.”

Nokho, incwadi ethi Adolescents and Youth izama ukuchaza, ithi: “Kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezingase zichaze ukuthandwa kwezimfashini: isifiso sokudonsa ukunakekela; isifiso sokuzivumelanisa nalokho okuthandwa ontanga; isidingo sokuzihlukanisa njengabantu ngabanye nanjengamaqembu; nokujatshuliswa izinto ezingavamile.” Omunye umfana osemusha wamane wathi: “Isikole esiphakeme [isekhondari] siyisikhathi esihle sokwenza okuthandayo ukuze ungaphinde ukwenze.”

IBhayibheli alikulahli ukuziphatha kobusha. Eqinisweni, lithi: “Basha, jabulelani ubusha benu. Jabulani lapho nisebasha. Yenzani enikufunayo, nilandele isifiso senhliziyo yenu.” Nokho, iBhayibheli lilandelisa lesoseluleko ngalesisixwayiso: “Kodwa khumbulani ukuthi uNkulunkulu uzonahlulela nganoma yini eniyenzayo.” (UmShumayeli 11:9, Today’s English Version) Ngokucabangela lesiseluleko esisangulukisayo, omusha ongumKristu kufanele azibheke kanjani izimfashini zamuva? Ingabe kufanele ube ngowokuqala ukulandela imfashini? Isihloko sethu esilandelayo kuloluchungechunge sizonikeza iseluleko esiwusizo ngalokhu.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 14]

“Lamayembe . . . Wonke umuntu uyawagqoka.”

U-Avery oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala

[Isithombe ekhasini 15]

Ukubhoboza nokudweba imifanekiso emzimbeni kuthandwa kakhulu