Ukubuka Okwezwe
Okwenza Izingane Zizinikele Ezidakamizweni
“Singazinqanda kanjani izingane zethu ekuhilelekeni ezidakamizweni nasotshwaleni, futhi kungani ezinye izingane zikuthola kulula kunezinye ‘ukumane zenqabe’?” Leyo mibuzo eyaphakanyiswa muva nje kumagazini i-Parents, yathola izimpendulo ezingase zibe imbangela ekuhloleni okwenziwa abacwaningi e-University of Arizona, e-U.S.A. Lokhu kuhlola kwahlola izingane ezingaba ngu-1 200 zebanga lesine nelesihlanu futhi kwagxila ezicini eziyishumi ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi okusolwa ukuthi zithonyela izingane ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa notshwala. Izici ezimbili ezihamba phambili ‘kwakuwukuvumela ukucindezela kontanga, nokuba nabangane abasebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa.’ Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuhlola kwathola ukuthi ukuphumelela ezifundweni kungafeza indima ekunqandeni lokhu—mhlawumbe ngoba kuthuthukisa ukuzethemba futhi akuvamile ukukhuthaza ubungane nabantu abasebenzisa izinto eziluthayo.
Ukukhangwa Izinto Ezihlasimulisa Umzimba
“Intsha iluthwe izinto ezihlasimulisa umzimba,” kubika i-Globe and Mail yaseCanada. Leli phephandaba lithi “kunamakhadi okuhweba, izincwadi zamahlaya, umsebenzi wobuciko, izithombe zamabhayisikobho ngisho nomculo ohlasimulisa umzimba, konke okuthandwayo emaqenjini entsha.” Ukuze anelise isifiso esinjalo sezincwadi ezishaqisayo, omunye umnyathelisi wezincwadi wandisa umkhiqizo wezincwadi zentsha ezihlasimulisa umzimba kusukela ekukhipheni ezine ngonyaka kuya ekukhipheni eyodwa ngenyanga. Abanye bakhipha izincwadi ezihlasimulisa umzimba ezimbili ngenyanga. Kungani izinto ezihlasimulisa umzimba zikhanga kangaka? Ngokomlobi uShawn Ryan, “uma sibheka umlando, izinto ezihlasimulisa umzimba bezithandwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kunokucobeka nokungajabuli.” Ngokwe-Globe, uMnu. Ryan wathi: “Ngawo-1990, ngokusobala asanelisekile ngohulumeni, asijabulile futhi sesaba ubugebengu. Lezi izikhathi lapho izinto ezihlasimulisa umzimba zithandwa khona.”
Indlela Efanele Yokugeza Izandla
Odokotela bathi isenzo esilula sokugeza izandla zakho njalo “sisiza ekususeni amagciwane abangela imikhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu nezifo eziyingozi kakhulu,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Leli phepha liyanezela: ‘Ukuhlola okwenziwa isazi sezifo saseMontreal uDkt. Julio Soto kubonisa ukuthi ukugezisisa izandla kungakunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukwanda kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane—ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-54 ezifweni zemigudu yokuphefumula nangamaphesenti angu-72 ezifweni zohudo.’ I-Paediatric Society yaseCanada isikisela ukuthi indlela efanele yokugeza izandla kufanele ihilele ukumanzisa izandla ngamanzi agelezayo, ukuzigcoba ngensipho ubale izikhathi ezingu-30, uzihlambulule ngamanzi agelezayo ubale izikhathi ezinhlanu, futhi, ekugcineni, uzesule ngethawula elingasetshenziswanga abanye noma iphepha lokusula izandla noma umshini wokomisa izandla. Abaphatha ukudla emathilomu, ezindaweni zokuthengisa ama-hot dog, nasezikhungweni zezitolo zokudla ikakhulukazi kudingeka baqikelele ukuba bageze izandla.
Isimo Esibucayi Sabampofu
Ngokwe-World Summit for Social Development, ingqungquthela yamuva nje ye-UN eyabanjelwa eCopenhagen, eDenmark, abantu abampofu basemaphandleni emhlabeni wonke bahlupheka ngendlela emangalisayo. Kulengqungquthela kwabikwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane baphila ngobubha nokuthi abangaphezu kwengxenye yalaba babulawa indlala nsuku zonke. Okunezela kulenkinga ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi. Ukulinganisela ingqikithi yabantu abangasebenzi noma ababamba amatoho kufinyelela ezigidini ezingu-800. Sekukonke, amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 ezisebenzi emhlabeni awanawo umsebenzi okahle. Abantu abasukela ezigidini ezingu-1 100 kuya ezigidini ezingu-1 300 baphila ngeholo elingaphansi kuka-R3,50 ngosuku. Ukungafundi, ngokuqinisekile okwandisa lenkinga, manje kuhlupha abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-905. Amanani abo awanciphi ngokushesha; izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-130 azifundi esikoleni nakuba zifaneleka, futhi amanani azo kulindeleke ukuba ande abe izigidi ezingu-144 ngonyaka ka-2000.
Umphumela Wokudakwa Esikoleni
Ngokwe-U.S.News & World Report, ukudakwa kwabafundi basemakolishi kunomphumela omubi kulezi zinsuku—ngisho naphakathi kwalabo abangadakwa. Ufingqa imiphumela yokuhlola amakolishi angu-140, eyanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of the American Medical Association, lomagazini wabika ukuthi amaphesenti angu-44 abafundi basekolishi abahlolwa ayeyizidakwa—okuwukuthi, esikhathini esithile phakathi namasonto amabili adlule abesilisa babephuze amabhodlela otshwala amahlanu ngokulandelana, futhi abesifazane babephuze amane. Abangamaphesenti angu-19 babedakwa njalo; okungenani babedakwe izikhathi ezintathu phakathi naleyo nkathi. Inani eliphakeme lezidakwa lalihlushwa imiphumela umuntu angase ayilindele—lalinebhabhalazi, lahlanganyela ebulilini ngokungahleliwe, laphuthelwa izifundo, lalimala, lalimaza impahla, njalonjalo. Kodwa nabanye abafundi babehlupheka. Ezikoleni ezinabafundi abadakwa kakhulu, abafundi abangu-9 kwabayishumi kwadingeka babhekane nezinkinga ezibangelwa ukuphuza kwabanye, njengokunxenxelwa ubulili okungadingekile, ukulimala kwempahla, ukuphazamiseka ebuthongweni, nokuchashwa ngenhlamba.
Indawo Enoshevu EBrithani
Muva nje, uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseBrithani uvumile ukuthi uneziqephu zendawo eziningi ezigcwele ukungcola okubangelwa izikhali kangangokuthi lezi zindawo azinakudayiswa neze, kubika umagazini i-New Scientist. LoMnyango uneziza ezingu-3 400 eBrithani, ezihlanganisa amahektare angu-242-000. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalezi ziza zisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuviva nokuqeqeshela ukudubula. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwesabelo sezimali sezempi, loMnyango uphoqelekile ukuba udayise ingxenye yalendawo kodwa ngokusobala awazi ukuthi zingakanani izindawo ezingakufanele ukuhlala abantu ngenxa yokungcola. Kucatshangwa ukuthi okungenani iziza ezingu-8 zingcoliswe upende okhanyayo okhipha imisebe owake wasetshenziswa emakhampasini nasemathuluzini amabutho. Izindawo eziningi zokuziqeqeshela ukudubula zingcoliswe izikhali eziyingozi ezingakaqhumi. Okungenani isiqephu sezwe esisodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi singcoliswe izikhali zeMpi Yezwe I ezine-mustard gas ezalahlwa endaweni engafanele emuva ngo-1918.
Amarobhothi Enzelwe Izilwane?
Sekuyisikhathi eside izindawo zokunqamula izilwane ziyingozi enkulu kubashayeli bezimoto nasezilwaneni. Umagazini wezemvelo waseFrance i-Terre Sauvage ubika ukuthi ngenxa yezingozi eziningi ezibangelwa izilwane ezinqamula emigwaqweni esemahlathini ebusuku, ochwepheshe be-National Office of Forests yaseFrance baye bathola okuthile okumangalisayo. Izilwane ziyama lapho zibona izibani ezibomvu! Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukubaneka ngokuphindaphindiwe kwesibani esibomvu kuyaziphazamisa izilwane okwesikhashana. Emigwaqweni engasehlathini eFrance, manje sekufakwe izibani ezibomvu ezithatha ukukhanya kwezibani zezimoto ezidlulayo, kodwa kunokuba zixhophe abashayeli bezimoto, zikhanyisa ehlathini. Ngaphambi kokuba zinqamule emgwaqweni, izilwane seziyama kuze kube yilapho ukukhanya sekunyamalele.
Izintandane Ezinengculaza ZaseRomania
ERomania, amaphesenti angu-93 abo bonke abanegciwane le-HIV elibangela ingculaza aphakathi kwezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12 ubudala, kubhala intatheli uRoxana Dascalu wengosi yezindaba i-Reuters. Uphawula ukuthi inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezingane ezine-HIV eYurophu lisedolobheni elinetheku laseConstantsa, lapho kunezingane ezinjalo ezingu-1 200, ezingu-420 kuzo esezifile kakade. Kwabikwa ukuthi ingxenye yalezi zingane yangenwa yileli gciwane ngokumpontshelwa igazi nangemijovo engabulawanga amagciwane ngaphambi kokuwa kombuso omdala ngo-1989. Ingxenye enkulu yaleli gazi elinengculaza yadayiswa amatilosi ampofu futhi yaya ngokuqondile ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezintandane. Endaweni yokunakekela izingane lapho lezi zingane ezine-HIV zinakekelwa khona, lombiko uphawula ukuthi impumelelo “ayinqunywa amanani ezingane ezisindayo kodwa indlela ezichitha ngayo izinsuku zazo zokugcina nendlela ezibhekana ngayo nokufa.” Omunye osebenza endaweni yokunakekela izingane uthi: “Asizivumeli izingane ukuba zife zizodwa emibhedeni yazo. Umhlengikazi uyazigona, ahlale kulesi sihlalo abese ezilolozela.”
Ithemba Elisha Lemibhangqwana Engenanzalo?
Isu elisha lobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha lisiza imibhangqwana engenanzalo ukuba inqobe ubunyumba bayo, kubika ingosi yezindaba yaseFrance i-France-Presse. Lelisu, elaqala eDenmark, lihilela ukusebenzisa inalithi yengilazi encane kakhulu ukuze kufakwe isidoda sowesilisa eqandeni elingaphakathi kowesifazane. Nakuba lelisu lidinga ukucophelela nekhono elikhulu (isidoda siyizingxenye ezimbili kweziyinkulungwane zemilimitha; iqanda, ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi zemilimitha), lendlela iye yabonakala iphumelela. Inenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi yenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wowesifazane futhi kusetshenziswa isidoda somyeni wakhe kunokuba kusetshenziswe esomuntu ongaziwa onikele ngaso—ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywa izinkinga ezibucayi zokuziphatha nezenkolo. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga eliphansi lesidoda liyimbangela yobunyumba bengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yayo yonke imibhangqwana engenanzalo, udokotela osebenzisa lelisu unomuzwa wokuthi imibhangqwana eminingi manje ingase ibe namathemba amasha okuqala umkhaya.