Ikhofi Elisezingeni Eliphambili—Ukusuka Esihlahleni Kuya Enkomishini Yakho
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eBrazil
ABASEFINLAND balibiza ngokuthi isiphuzo sesizwe. KumaNtaliyane amaningi, ukulenza kuyisenzakalo esikhethekile. EFrance, eJalimane, eMexico, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, liyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwasekuseni. Lilandela itiye ngokuba isiphuzo esiyintandokazi emhlabeni wonke. Yini yona leyo? Cishe abantu abayizingxenye ezintathu kwezine bangaphendula ngazwi linye bathi—ikhofi!
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena uyalithanda yini noma cha, kuyiqiniso elingenakuphikwa ukuthi ikhofi liyintandokazi. Yini ehilelekile ekwenzeni ikhofi elisezingeni eliphambili? Litshalwa kuphi? Livunwa kanjani? Ingabe ukhona ngempela umehluko ongako phakathi kwezinhlobo zekhofi? Yiziphi izici ezithinta izinga lalo, ukunambitheka nenani lentengo?
Livelaphi?
Ikhofi lenziwa ngokugazinga izinhlamvu zesihlahla sekhofi, isihlahla esikhulu esihlale siluhlaza esinamaqabunga acwebezelayo aluhlaza cwé, esimila ezindaweni ezingashisi kakhulu. Uma sesiqhakaza, lesi sihlahla siqhakaza izimbali ezinhle ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi le-jasmine. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa nje kuphela, esikhundleni sezimbali kuvela amahlukuzo ezithelo eziluhlaza ezishintsha njengoba zikhula zisuka embaleni oluhlaza zibe nsundu ngokusagolide, zibe bomvu zigcine ngokuba phuzi uma sezivuthiwe.
Nakuba kunezinhlobo zezihlahla zekhofi ezicishe zibe ngu-70, kusukela ezihlahlaneni ezimfushane kuya kwezinde ezingamamitha angu-12, zimbili kuphela izinhlobo ezikhiqiza amaphesenti angu-98 ekhofi lomhlaba wonke, yi-Coffea arabica, noma kalula nje i-Arabica ne-Coffea canephora, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Robusta. Ikhofi elicoliseké kakhulu livela ezinhlotsheni ze-Arabica, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme. Lezi zihlahla zikhula zibe amamitha amane kuya kwayisithupha ukuphakama, nakuba zivame ukuthenwa ukuze zihlale zingamamitha amane. I-Robusta, evame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni ikhofi elixutshwa namanzi liphuzwe ngaleso sikhathi, ine-caffeine eningi futhi ukunambitheka kwayo akuvelele.
Ukulima Ikhofi Elisezingeni Eliphambili
Yini ehilelekile ekukhiqizeni ikhofi elisezingeni eliphambili? Ngegama elilodwa nje, ukuzikhandla! Konke kuqala ngokutshala imbewu yohlobo olukhethekile endaweni yokugcina izitshalo enokukhanya kwelanga nomthunzi owanele. Cishe ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, izithombo ziyasishulwa ziyotshalwa ensimini, enhlabathini efakwe umanyolo namaminerali. Izithombo zekhofi zitshalwa emigqeni eyehla nomthambeka wegquma. Zitshalwa zigqagqaniswe ukuze zikhule kahle futhi kube lula ukuzithena, ukuhlakula nokuvuna.
Ukuze zikhiqize kahle, izihlahla kufanele zinakekelwe kahle unyaka wonke. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlakula ukhula oluminyanisa izakhi ezisenhlabathini nokusebenzisa imithi yokubulala isikhunta nezinambuzane njalo ukuze izihlahla zingabi nezilokazane nezifo, njengesihlava nesiwumba.
Kuthatha okungenani iminyaka emibili ukuba izitshalo ezincane ziqale ukuthela. Uma kufika isikhathi sokuvuna, uyanda umsebenzi. Inqubo ethandwayo ukukha izithelo esezivuthiwe kuphela, ngasinye ngasinye, njengoba kwenziwa emazweni anjengeColombia neCosta Rica.
Izithelo ezivunwe ngale ndlela zivame ukugaywa kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-wet process. Kule nqubo izithelo zibekwa emshinini osusa ingxenye engaphakathi ethambile yalesi sithelo. Izinhlamvu zibe sezibekwa emathangini usuku olulodwa kuya kwezintathu, phakathi naleso sikhathi ama-enzyme emvelo avundisa inkafunkafu esele ngaphakathi. Izinhlamvu ziyagezwa ukuze kususwe noma yini esele. Ezinye zomiswa ngokuzibeka elangeni phezu kukakhonkolo noma ematafuleni okomisa, kanti ezinye zomiswa ngokuzifaka emishinini yokomisa ngomoya oshisayo. Ulembu lwesikhumba esomile enhlamvwini, olune-parchment ne-silver skin, lube selususwa ngemishini. Ukugqunywa kwezinhlamvu, okwenziwa phakathi ne-wet process, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezivuthiwe kuphela kukhiqiza ikhofi elimnandi nelisezingeni eliphambili.
EBrazil, izwe elikhiqiza ikhofi eliningi kunawo wonke emhlabeni, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa indlela yokuvuna ebizwa ngokuthi i-derriça. Ikhofi livunwa ngezandla ngokuwohloza zonke izithelo kanyekanye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sezivuthwe kahle yini noma cha. Muva nje, abanye abalimi basebenzisa izindlela zokuvuna ngemishini ukuze bathuthukise izinga kanye nomkhiqizo. Enye indlela iwukusebenzisa ithuluzi elibanjwa ngesandla elinomoya, elinengalo ende “eneminwe” evevezelayo, kunyakaziswe amagatsha ukuze kuwe izithelo ezivuthiwe kuphela.
Izithelo eziwile kufanele zibuthwe bese ziyeliwa, ngesandla noma ngomshini, ukuze kususwe amaqabunga, ukungcola nezinti. Lezi zithelo zibe sezifakwa kobhasikidi abakhulu abangamalitha angu-60. Izithelo esezeliwe ziyagezwa, zithelwe emkhombeni kakhonkolo noma emshinini owenzelwe le njongo. Inqubo yokuzigeza ihlukanisa izithelo ezivuthiwe nezithelo esezindala ezomile neseziqala ukubola.
Uma seligeziwe, ikhofi lendlalwa endaweni evulekile enokhonkolo ukuze lomiswe yilanga izinsuku ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-20. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi izinhlamvu ziyaphendulwa njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-20, ukuze zome nhlangothi zonke ngendlela efanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa imishini yokomisa ukuze zisheshe zome. Kufanele kugadwe umswakama wekhofi ukuze lingomi ngokweqile, bese izinhlamvu zivendlezeka futhi ziqhephuke, kwehle izinga lazo. Lapho selinomswakama odingekayo ophakathi kwamaphesenti angu-11 nangu-12, ikhofi lifakwa emshinini osusa izimpephelezi ezinhlamvwini. Izinhlamvu zibe sezifakwa emasakeni angamakhilogremu angu-60. Kuleli qophelo, ikhofi livame ukuyiswa enkampanini ehlaziya umkhiqizo, lapho lihlukaniswa khona bese kuqhutshekwa nezinye izinqubo.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwalo
Kule ndawo, kwethulwa isaka lekhofi ngalinye elolini. Ngaphambi kokuba izisebenzi ziwabeke phansi, zidlula kumuntu ofaka ithuluzi elide elicijile esakeni ngalinye abese ekhipha isampula elincane lalokho okuphakathi. Amasampula akhishwe kuwo wonke amasaka avela elolini elilodwa ayahlanganiswa enziwe isampula elilodwa, elifakwa ilebula bese libekwa eceleni.
Uma amasampula esethathiwe, ikhofi elivela emalolini ahlukene liyahlanganiswa bese kuqhutshekwa nezinye izinqubo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lalo. Liqala lidlule emshinini osusa ukungcola, bese lidlula emshinini wokusefa ohlukanisa izinhlamvu ngobungako bazo, bese liya etafuleni elindindizelayo elihlukanisa izinhlamvu ngokwesisindo. Ngemva kwalokho, izinhlamvu zidluliselwa emshinini kagesi wokuhlunga, osusa noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezimnyama noma eziluhlaza ezingonakalisa ikhofi elizogaywa. Lisuka lapho ligcinwe ethangini, bese kamuva lifakwa emasakeni. La masaka asenezinhlamvu ezilinganayo nezisezingeni elifanayo esezilungele ukudayiswa kwamanye amazwe noma kubathengi bendawo.
La masampula athathwe ekuqaleni asetshenziswa kanjani? Ahlukaniswa ngamazinga ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umlimi ngamunye uzothola malini ngekhofi lakhe. Okokuqala, kubhekwa ukuthi la masampula aluhlobo luni, okutholakala ngokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kulelo nalelo sampula elingamagremu angu-300 kungakanani okungalungile. Okungalungile kuhlanganisa ikhofi elimnyama, eliluhlaza noma izinhlamvu eziqhephukile nokungcola, njengamakhoba, izinti nezimpephelezi. Okulandela lokho, izinhlamvu zifakwa ezisefweni eziwuhide bese zihlukaniswa ngobungako bazo.
Ekugcineni kufika ingxenye yokuhlola ukunambitheka. Isampula liyagazingwa kancane bese liyagaywa, bese kufakwa ingxenye ethile yesampula ngalinye engilazini ngayinye kweziningana. Kuthelwa amanzi abilayo, kugoqozwe, bese umnambithi onekhono ehogela iphunga lesampula ngalinye. Ngemva kokuyeka isampula liphole futhi okugayiwe kuzike, usebenzisa ukhezo oluncane ukuba akhe isampula, alifake emlonyeni abese elithimisa ngokushesha, adlulele engilazini elandelayo, enze okufanayo. Ngemva kokuwanambitha wonke amasampula, uyasho ukuthi ikhofi linjani, kusukela kwelikahle (elimnandi, elicolisekile, elithi alibe noshukela) kuya kwelibabayo (elinambitheka njenge-iodine).
Umnambithi kufanele abe nenzwa ekahle yokunambitha nolwazi kanye nekhono ukuze akwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile ukunambitheka kwekhofi eliningi elicishe lifane. Ngaphandle kokuthi kusiza ekutholeni inani lentengo yekhofi, ukulinambitha kubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe isinyathelo esilandelayo ekukhiqizeni ikhofi elisezingeni eliphambili.
Ukulixuba Nokuligazinga
Ukulixuba, okuvame ukwenziwa ngezinhlamvu ezingavuthiwe, kuyikhono lokuhlanganisa izinhlobo zekhofi ezinezici eziphelelisanayo ukuze kuphume umkhiqizo osesilinganisweni, onezici ezinhle njengokunambitheka, iphunga, ukunotha nombala omuhle. Inselele abaxubi ababhekana nayo ukuba njalo bakhiqize isiphuzo esifanayo esimnandi esinezici ezivelele.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo, ukuligazinga, naso sibalulekile ukuze ikhofi libe sezingeni eliphambili. Phakathi nalesi sinyathelo kuba noshintsho oluyinkimbinkimbi kumakhemikhali ohlamvu, okuyikhona okuveza iphunga lekhofi. Lingase ligazingwe likhanye, libe kahle, noma libe mnyama, kuye ngokuthi kufuneka linambitheke kanjani nokuthi lizobe lenziwe kanjani. Nokho, ukuligazinga ngokweqile kungenza uhlamvu lucwebezele, okubangelwa ukuhwamuka kwamafutha anephunga. Lokhu kwenza ikhofi libabe futhi lingabi nephunga elimnandi.
Ukuligaya ngendlela efanele nakho kubalulekile ukuze ikhofi libe sezingeni eliphambili. Ukuthi lizogaywa libe ngakanani kuya ngokuthi lizokwenziwa kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhofi ligaywa libe yizinhlayiya ezikahle uma kuzosetshenziswa izisefo eziyindwangu noma eziyiphepha, kanti ligaywa licoliseke uma kuzoba yikhofi elixutshwa nje namanzi.
Uma seligayiwe, ikhofi lifakwa emaphaketheni lithunyelwe kubathengisi. Ikhofi elifakwe emaphaketheni epulasitiki lihlala cishe izinsuku ezingu-60, kuyilapho elifakwe emaphaketheni angangeni moya lihlala cishe unyaka. Uma selivuliwe, ikhofi kufanele ligcinwe entweni evaleka ngcí, mhlawumbe esiqandisini.
Ukwenza Leyo ‘Nkomishi Esho Khona’
Ngemva kwawo wonke umsebenzi wokutshala, ukulima, ukuvuna, ukulihlukanisa ngamazinga, ukulixuba, ukuligazinga nokuligaya, sesifika esicini okade usilindele—ukwenza leyo ‘nkomishi esho khona’! Kunezindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene zokulenza, njengokulixuba namanzi, ukulenza ngomshini ne-moka yase-Italy, uma sibala nje izindlela ezimbalwa—futhi ngayinye ehlukile. Nokho, ngokuvamile kutuswa ukuba uthele izipuni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-8 zekhofi emanzini ayilitha. Yenza elizophuzwa ngaleso sikhathi kuphela. Ungalisebenzisi futhi ikhofi eselisebenzile, futhi njalo geza iketela lekhofi, i-filter nezinye izinto ngamanzi ngokushesha ngemva kokuzisebenzisa.
Ngokuzayo lapho uhlala phansi ukuze uphuze ikhofi olithandayo futhi ujabulele iphunga lalo, noma ngabe i-cafezinho yaseBrazil, i-tinto yaseColumbia, i-espresso yase-Italy noma elakho nje ozenzele lona, kungani ungathi ukuma kancane ucabange ngakho konke ukuzikhandla okuhilelekile ekwenzeni lelo khofi elisezingeni eliphambili—kusukela esihlahleni kuya enkomishini yakho.
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Endaweni yokugcina izitshalo, izithombo zithola ukukhanya kwelanga nomthunzi owanele
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Izihlahla zekhofi esezivuthiwe
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Izithelo zekhofi zivunwa ngokuziwohloza emagatsheni
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Umvuni waseBrazil wela izithelo ngesandla ukuze asuse amaqabunga nokungcola
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Amasampula ahlukaniswa ngokubala ukuthi kungakanani okungalungile ezinhlamvwini ezingamagremu angu-300
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Umnambithi kufanele abe ngumakad’ ebona