Amerikatɔ Gbãtɔwo—Azã Aɖe Ƒe Nuwuwu
AMEKAE mekpɔ lãkplɔviwo kple Indiatɔwo ŋuti sinima tɔgbe kpɔ o? Le xexeame godoo la, amewo se Wyatt Earp, Buffalo Bill, kple Lone Ranger kpakple Indiatɔ siwo nye Geronimo, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, kple Chief Joseph, kpakple ame bubu geɖe ƒe ŋkɔ kpɔ. Gake kakaɖedzi kae le Hollywood ƒe nusiwo wòɖe fia ŋu? Eye anukwareɖiɖi kae le nusiwo woɖe fia le Indiatɔawo ŋu me?
Ŋutinya si ƒo nu le alesi Europatɔwo ɖu Dziehe Amerikatɔ Gbãtɔwo (Indiatɔwo) dzi la fɔ biabiawo ɖe te.a Ðe ŋutinyagbalẽwo to nyateƒe le Indiatɔwo ŋua? Ðe nufiame aɖewo li míate ŋu asrɔ̃ tso ŋukeklẽ, ameteteɖeto, vovototodedeameme le ŋutigbalẽ ƒe amadede ta, kple ŋutasesẽ mea? Nyateƒe ŋutɔŋutɔ kae li le lãkplɔviwo kple Indiatɔ siwo woyɔna la ŋu?
Custer ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ Mamlɛtɔ Kple Amehawo Tsɔtsrɔ̃ le Wounded Knee
Le ƒe 1876 me la, bokɔ Sitting Bull si nye Lakotatɔ (Siouxtɔwo ƒe hatsotso gã etɔ̃awo dometɔ ɖeka) nɔ ŋgɔ le aʋa xɔŋkɔ si wowɔ le Little Bighorn Tɔsisi to le Montana. Asrafo 650 ye nɔ Aʋaŋgɔnɔla “Taɖa Legbetɔ” Custer si, eye esusu be yeate ŋu aɖu Sioux kple Cheyenne srafo 1,000 dzi bɔbɔe. Mebui nyuie kura o. Anɔ eme be Amerikatɔ Gbãtɔwo ƒe asrafoha gãtɔ kekeakee nye ma wòdze ŋgɔe—woade ame 3,000.
Custer mã eƒe Sɔdzisrafowo ƒe Aʋakɔ 7 lia ɖe ƒuƒoƒo etɔ̃ me. Melala be ƒuƒoƒo eve mamlɛawo nava kpe ɖe yewo ŋu o, eƒe ƒuƒoƒo dze India-srafowo ƒe akpa si wòsusu be wo dzi ɖuɖu anɔ bɔbɔe wu la dzi. Tatɔ siwo nye Crazy Horse, Gall, kple Sitting Bull nɔ ŋgɔ na Indiatɔwo eye wosi Custer ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si me asrafo 225 nɔ la gbidii. Enye ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ko ƒe aʋadziɖuɖu na Indiatɔwo gake enye nusi ve United States ƒe Asrafowo ŋutɔ be woɖu yewo dzi. Gake ƒe 14 megbe hafi wova bia hlɔ̃ dziŋɔ aɖe.
Esi wodo ŋugbe na Sitting Bull be womawɔ nanekee o la, eva na ta mlɔeba. Gake wova tui ɖe Randall Mɔ̃ me le Dakota-nyigba dzi. Le eƒe tsitsime la, wova kpɔe le Buffalo Bill ƒe Ɣetoɖoƒedu Sesẽ ƒe sinima ɖeɖefia si wotsɔ nɔ tsatsam la me. Amesi nye ŋgɔnɔla xɔŋkɔ tsã la meganye bokɔ ŋkuta si wònye tsã o.
Le ƒe 1890 me la, Indiatɔwo ƒe kpovitɔ siwo wodɔ be woalé Sitting Bull (eŋkɔ le Lakotagbe mee nye Tatanka Iyotake) vɛ la da tui wòku. Amesiwo wui enye Siouxtɔwo ƒe “Gakɔtatɔwo” (kpovitɔ siwo kpla akɔtadzesiwo), Kpovitɔwo ƒe Amegãwo Bull Head kple Red Tomahawk.
Ƒe si me wowu ameha gbogbo aɖe le Wounded Knee Tɔsisi to le Amerika ƒe Great Plains nutome ye wogblẽ Indiatɔwo ƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe yevuwo ƒe wo dzi ɖuɖu ŋu me. Afimae dukɔ siwo bla nu ƒe asrafowo da woƒe Hotchkiss aprimtu siwo dana kpatakpata la tsɔ wu Sioux ŋutsu, nyɔnu, kple ɖevi siwo ade 320 esi wonɔ sisim lae. Asrafoawo ƒo adegbe be enye hlɔ̃biabia ɖe yewo tɔ Custer kple eƒe amesiwo wowu le togbaka siwo dze ŋgɔ Little Bighorn Tɔsisi to la teƒe. Aleae ƒe si wu 200 ƒe aʋa kple dzre wɔwɔ si dzɔna ɖe amedzro Amerikatɔ amedzidzelawo kple dukɔ siwo nɔ afima do ŋgɔ siwo dzi wodze dome ɣeaɖewoɣi la wu enui.
Gake gbã la, aleke Amerikatɔ Gbãtɔwo wɔ hafi va xɔ anyinɔ ɖe Dziehe Amerika? Aleke wonɔ agbee hafi yevu ŋutigbãlẽɣiwo va ɖo Dziehe Amerika zi gbãtɔ?b Nukae na wova si wo eye wova dze wo dzi ɖuɖu gɔme mlɔeba? Eye nɔnɔme ka mee Indiatɔawo le fifia le dukɔ si me Europatɔ gbãtɔ siwo ʋu va ƒe dzidzimeviwo bɔ ɖo la me? Míaɖo biabia siawo kple bubuwo ŋu le nyati siwo kplɔe ɖo me.
[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]
a Togbɔ be fifia ame aɖewo dina be woayɔ ŋkɔ “Amerikatɔ Gbãtɔ” hã la, egabɔ hã be agbalẽ geɖe yɔa “Indiatɔ.” Míazã ŋkɔ evea siaa. Esime Columbus va ɖo afisi woyɔna fifia be West Indies eye wòsusu be India ye yeɖo la, “Indiatɔ” nye ŋkɔ dada si wòtsɔ na afimatɔwo.
b Dziehe Amerika Indiatɔwo ko ŋue míele nu ƒom le le nyati siawo me. Míaƒo nu le Amerika Indiatɔ siwo le Mexico, Titina Amerika, kple Anyiehe Amerika—Aztectɔwo, Mayatɔwo, Incatɔwo, Olmectɔwo, kple bubuawo—ŋu le magazine sia ƒe tata siwo agava me.
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 3]
Ame Kukuwo Ðiɖi le Wounded Knee
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Montana Historical Society