Chikonzero Nei Marudzi Ari Mungozi
MARUDZI anotsakatika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Rangarira zvisakiso zvikuru zvitatu. Vanhu vane mutoro nenzira isina kunanga nokuda kwezviviri zvazvo uye vane mutoro nenzira yakananga nokuda kwechimwe chazvo.
Kuparadzwa Kwenzvimbo Yokugara
Kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo yokugara kunoita rutivi rukuru kukuderera kwamarudzi. The Atlas of Endangered Species inorondedzera ikoku kuva “tyisidziro hurusa” asiwo “yakaoma zvikurusa kudzivirira.” Kuwedzera kwavagari venyika kunowedzera nokukurumidza kunomanikidzira vanhu kuramba vachingopinda munzvimbo iyo yaichimbova musha wemhuka dzomusango. Muenzaniso unoshamisa waikoku ndewemasango anonaya mvura zhinji enyika.
‘Mukati memakore 40 kuchave kusina masango anonaya mvura zhinji anenge asara’ ndiyo fungidziro inotyisa iyo inonangidzira ngwariro paizvo vazhinji vanorangarira kuva kurasikirwa nezviwanikwa zvinokosha kunonzwisa urombo. Kutaura idi, chinenge chikamu chimwe kubva muzvina chemishonga yose inozivikanwa nenyika yoKumadokero yakabva mumiti yemusango yenzvimbo dzinopisa zvikurusa dzinonaya mvura zhinji. Kunyange zvazvo masango enzvimbo dzinopisa zvikurusa anonaya mvura zhinji achifukidza bedzi inofungidzirwa kuva 7 muzana yenzvimbo yenyika, anochengeta zvirimwa zvinokura muvhu zvinosvika kuzvikamu zvina kubva muzvishanu.
Miitiro yokutema miti uye chinjo mumitoo yokurima zvinobvisira masango anonaya mvura zhinji eWest Africa nhaka yawo huru yemiti. Kuparadzwa kwemasango mukondinendi duku yeIndia kwakachinja kunyange mamiriro okunze, kuchideredza mvura inonaya mune dzimwe nharaunda asi kuchiparira mafashamo kune imwe nzvimbo.
Sezvo munhu anotema miti kuti achenese nzvimbo yokurima, miti, mhuka, shiri, zvinokambaira, uye twupukanana zvinofa zvakawanda. Purofesa weHarvard Edward Wilson anofungidzira kuti kuparara kwamasango kunosvika ku1 muzana gore rimwe nerimwe, uye ikoku kunoparadza zviuru zvamarudzi kukutsakatika zvachose. Kunotyirwa kuti marudzi mazhinji achanyangarika asati atombopiwa zita rezvesayenzi.
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akafanana munzvimbo dzakanyorova zvikuru dzenyika, imwe nzvimbo yokugara iri kutyisidzirwa. Vanoita kuti nzvimbo dzibudirire vanobvisa mvura muidzi nzvimbo kuitira kuti vagovaka dzimba, kana kuti varimi vanodzichinja kuva minda inorimika iyo vanogona kurima. Mumakore 100 apfuura, nzvimbo yakaoma ine uswa yeEurope huru se90 muzana yakatorwa nokuda kwokurima. Kurasikirwa nemafuro muBritain mukati memakore 20 akapfuura kwakanyandura kuderera kwe64 muzana munhamba yemasong thrush.
Kunyange zvazvo magazini yeTime ichidana chitsuwa cheMadagascar kuti “areka yaNoa yepasi,” mhatsa yacho huru yemhuka dzomusango iri mungozi. Apo nhamba yavagari vomunyika inowedzera uye zvikwereti zvedzimwe nyika zvinowedzera, dzvinyiriro pavagari vechitsuwa chacho yokushandura masango kuva minda yemupunga inowedzera. Nemhaka yokuti zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvenzvimbo yokugara yegolden bamboo lemur zvakanyangarika mumakore 20 akapfuura, 400 bedzi dzeidzi mhuka ndidzo dzasara.
Chinjo huru yomunhu yokushandisa pasi zvirokwazvo inoparadza mhuka dzomusango dzomunzvimbomo. Nokuda kwomumwe muenzaniso, rangarira vokuPoland, avo vakasvika muHawaii makore 1 600 akapfuura. Somugumisiro womubato wavo, marudzi 35 eshiri akatsakatika.
Vagari vapakuvamba avo vakauya kuAustralia neNew Zealand vakatakura kubva kune dzimwe nyika katsi, dzimwe dzacho idzo dzakazova mabonga. Mukuwirirana nemagazini inonzi New Scientist, aya maponga anodya zvino marudzi 64 emhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakaberekerwa muAustralia. Pamwe chete nemakava matsvuku okuEurope, zvinodenha nhamba dzemarudzi akasara ari kutyisidzirwa.
Denho Yakananga
Kuvhima hakusi chinhu chitsva. Nhau yeBhaibheri iri muna Genesi inorondedzera Nimirodhi anopandukira, muvhimi uyo akararama anopfuura makore 4 000 akapfuura. Kunyange zvazvo pasingadudzwi nezvokuparadza kwake rudzi rwose, zvisinei akanga ari muenzaniso unotyisa wokuvhima.—Genesi 10:9.
Mukati memazana amakore akapfuura vavhimi vakaparadza shumba muGreece neMesopotamia, mvuu muNubia, nzou muNorth Africa, mapere nemabeaver muBritain, uye nyati imwe muEastern Europe. “Mukati mema1870 nema1880, vavhimi vakauraya chikamu chimwe kubva muzvina chenzou dzine miriyoni muEast Africa bedzi,” inoshuma kudaro magazini inorondedzera mapurogiramu eredhiyo neterevhizheni eBBC, inonzi Radio Times. “Kwehafu yezana ramakore, Africa yakanga yakazara nokutinhira kwepfuti dzairidzwa navanhu vakakurumbira, vakapfuma nevakakwirira, vachipfura nzou, zvipembere, twiza, katsi huru uye chipi kana chipi chavaiona. . . . Izvo zvinoratidzika kuva zvinokatyamadza zvikuru nhasi zvakanga zviri mufambiro unogamuchirika chose chose panguva iyeyo.”
Dzokera kumamiriro ezvinhu etiger hombe. Kuverenga muma1980 kwakaratidzira kuti nhamburiko dzokuchengetedza dzakanga dzabudirira. “Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinhu zvakanga zvisiri sezvazvairatidzika kuva,” inotsinhira kudaro 1995 Britannica Book of the Year. “Kumwe kuverenga kwokungwarira kwakaratidzira kuti kuverenga kwakapfuura kwakanga kwawedzeredzwa navakuru vakuru avo zvichida vakanga vachibatira pamwe navanouraya mhuka zvisiri pamutemo kana kuti vakanga vachingodisa kuorora vakuru vakuru vavo. . . . Kutengeserana kwapachivande nhengo dzetiger kwakawedzera sezvo migove yaiderera yakatoramba ichikwidza mitengo.” Nokudaro, muna 1995, fungidziro dzoukoshi hwetiger yokuSiberia hwakanga huchibva pa$87 420 kusvikira ku$223 200—aiwa, kwete bedzi nokuda kwedehwe rayo rinokosheswa zvikuru asiwo nokuda kwamapfupa ayo, maziso, mvere refu dziri pedyo nomuromo, mazino, nhengo dzomukati, uye mitezo yokubereka nayo, zvose zvinokosheswa zvikuru mumushonga wegamuchidzanwa wokuMabvazuva.
Kutengeserana nyanga dzenzou, nyanga dzechipembere, matehwe etiger, uye dzimwe nhengo dzemhuka zvava zvino bhizimisi risiri rapamutemo ramabhiriyoni akawanda amadhora, rechipiri bedzi kubva pakutengesa mirimo kusiri pamutemo, inotsinhira kudaro Time. Uye hakuna kuganhurirwa kumhuka dzinoyamwisa zvikuru. Muna 1994 mushonga wegamuchidzanwa weChina wakapedza masea horse ane mamiriyoni 20 anokatyamadza, kuchiparira kubatwa kwawo kuderera ne60 muzana inoshumwa mumakore maviri mune dzimwe nharaunda dzeSoutheast Asia.
Hakuna kuoma kuziva ane mhaka apo rudzi rwakati runenge ruchivhimwa kusvika rwatsakatika. Ipapo, zvakadiniko navaunganidzi? Macaw iri mungozi, golden conure, inotengeserwa mutengesi webhizimisi risiri rapamutemo muBrazil nokuda kwe$4 650 inoshumwa. Asi apo anoitengesa kunze kwenyika, anowana yakapetwa kanopfuura katatu nehafu chitsama ichecho.
Hondo nemigumisiro yadzo, mapoka anowedzera avapoteri, pamwe chete nomwero wokuzvarwa unowedzera, shatiso inowedzera, uye kunyange bhizimisi rokushanya, zvinotyisidzira marudzi ari mungozi yokutsakatika. Vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzinofadza vanenge vari mumapowerboat vanokuvadza madolphin avanodirana kundoona, uye ruzha rwepasi pemvura runobva mumagwa runogona kudzongonyedza muitiro wemadolphin unokuvadzika nyore nyore wokuziva nawo kupfurikidza nemaungira pane zvinhu mumvura.
Pashure pouku kurondedzera kwokuparadza kunoparirwa navanhu, ungashamisika zvikuru kuti, ‘Vokuchengetedza vari kuitei kuti vachengetedze marudzi ari kutyisidzirwa, uye vari kubudirira sei?’
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]
Miti, mhuka, shiri, zvinokambaira, uye twupukanana zvinofa zvakawanda sezvo munhu anoriga miti