Dengue—Fivha Inoparirwa Nekurumwa

Yakanyorwa nemunyori weMukai! muPhilippines

HUSINGAONEKWI, umhutu hunomhara paruoko rusina kufukidzwa rwemusikana muduku. Chipembenene chacho chinokurumidza kuboora ganda rake nokusveta ropa. Pashure pechinguvana, amai vanotarisa mwanasikana wavo ndokuona umhutu huya. Vanokurumidza kuhurova nechanza, hunofa. Zvapera here? Zvimwe kwete. Umhutu hungave hwafa, asi kupinda kwahwo muropa remwana kwenguva pfupi kwasiya zvinhu zvipenyu zvisingadiwi zvinogona kuparira hosha.

Mukati memavhiki maviri mwana anotanga kunzwa kutonhora, musoro, kurwadza seri kwemaziso, kubandwa mumajoini, uye fivha yakakwira. Sezvo kurwara kunopfuurira, anomera mapundu matsvuku ndokunzwa apera basa nekuneta. Abatwa nedengue, fivha inoparirwa nekurumwa neumhutu.

Zvisinei, kunyanya kana mwana akamborwara nedengue, angaita rudzi rwakakomba rwechirwere chacho, fivha yedengue inobudisa ropa (DHF). Kana unayo, tsinga dzeropa dzinobooka, zvichisakisa kubuda ropa pasi peganda. Pangava nekubuda ropa nechemukati. Pasina kurapwa kwakanaka, murwere angashokwa uye ropa rinomira kufamba, zvichiparira kungoerekana afa.

Chinombonzi dengue chaichoicho chii? Inogona kukubata here? Unogona sei kuzvidzivirira nekudzivirira mhuri yako? Ngatinyatsoongororai.

Dengue Chii?

Dengue, iyo inonziwo fivha inoomesa majoini, inongova imwe yehosha dzinoverengeka dzinoparirwa nekurumwa neumhutu. Chinoparira hosha yacho chaichoicho ivhairasi. Umhutu hune hosha (ndiko kuti, umhutu hwakamboruma munhu ane chirwere chacho) yacho hunotakura vhairasi muma-gland ahwo anogadzira mate. Pahunenge huchiruma munhu kuti huwane ropa, hunoisa mavhairasi maari.

Kune marudzi mana emavhairasi edengue. Kubatwa nerudzi rumwe hakuiti kuti muviri udzivirire mamwe marudzi matatu. Kana munhu amborwara, akarumwazve neumhutu hune rumwe rudzi, anogona kupedzisira ava neDHF.

“Zvikamu Zviviri Muzvishanu Zvevagari Vepasi” Zviri Mungozi

Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO), dengue iri kutyisidzira vanhu vane mabhiriyoni 2,5, “zvikamu zviviri muzvishanu zvevagari vepasi.” Asiaweek yakashuma kuti: “Dzinopfuura nyika 100 dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi nedzinopisa zvishoma dzakashuma kutanga kamwe kamwe kwedengue, uye kune makumi emamiriyoni evanhu vanorwara nayo gore roga roga, uye 95 muzana yevanobatwa vari vana.”

Hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti dengue yakatanga rini kuzivikanwa pasi pano. Mushumo pamusoro pe“fivha yemumabvi” muCairo muna 1779 ungatove uchireva dengue. Kubva panguva iyoyo, dengue yakashumwa pasi rose. Kunyanya kubvira paHondo Yenyika II, dengue yakasiya vanga rinooneka pautano hwevanhu, zvichitanga muSoutheast Asia. Marudzi akawanda evhairasi yacho akatanga kutenderera, uye izvi zvakaparira rudzi rune ngozi zvikuru runobudisa ropa. Bhuku rakabudiswa neWHO rinoti: “Kutanga kamwe kamwe chaikoiko kwefivha inobudisa ropa muAsia kwakaoneka muManila muna 1954.” Dzimwe nyika dzakatevera, kunyanya Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, nenharaunda dzakapoteredza. Kutanga kamwe kamwe uku kwepakuvamba muSoutheast Asia kwaiuraya zvikuru kubvira pa10 kusvika ku50 muzana, asi zvakawanda sezvazvakadzidzwa pamusoro pehosha yacho, nhamba idzi dzakaderera.

Kubvira muma1960, kuregeredzwa kwezvirongwa zvekuderedza umhutu hunotakura vhairasi yacho kwakaparirawo kuwedzera kwekutanga kamwe kamwe kwedengue. Sekupararira kwakangoita dengue, ndozvakaitawo DHF. Nyika pfumbamwe bedzi ndidzo dzaiva nehosha yacho 1970 asati asvika, asi pakazosvika 1995 nhamba iyi yakanga yakura kusvika ku41. WHO inofungidzira kuti gore roga roga, vanhu 500 000 vane DHF vanofanira kupinda muchipatara.

Kunyange zvazvo hosha yacho isinganyanyozivikanwi munharaunda dziri kure nenzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi, dzimwe nguva vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzine ngozi yekubatwa nehosha yacho vakabatwa ndokuenda nayo kumusha. Somuenzaniso, 1996 ave kuda kunopera, The New York Times yakataura nezvevane hosha yedengue muUnited States—muMassachusettes, New York, Oregon, uye Texas.

Ngozi Chaidzoidzo dzeDHF

Sezvambodudzwa pakutanga, DHF rudzi rwedengue inogona kuuraya. Imwe ngozi yeDHF ndeyekuti vanhu vanonyengerwa kuti vafunge kuti haina kukomba. Vamwe vanokanganisa kufunga kuti idzihwa. Zvisinei, kuverengera kurapwa kunogona kuparira chirwere kusvika pakaipa zvekuti nhamba yemaplatelet eropa inoderera zvinotyisa, kubuda ropa kunotanga (nechemukati kana kuti nemumatadza, mumhino, kana kuti ganda), uye blood pressure inoderera. Murwere angawa. Panguva inozoziva mhuri yacho kuti hosha yakakomba, anenge atopinda mushoku. Vanomumhanyisa kuchipatara. Ikoko, vanachiremba vanowana kuti ropa rake rava kutomira kufamba. Nemhaka yekuipa kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu, mvura inoisirwa nemutsinga yokuwedzera ropa inoodwa.

Kudzivirira Mhuri Yako

Chii chinogona kuitwa kuderedzwa zvinoitwa nehosha iyi? Kana mhuri ichigara munzvimbo umo dengue yakapararira uye mutezo wemhuri une fivha yakakwira inopfuudza zuva rimwe, nekuchenjera mhuri inofanira kuona chiremba. Izvi zvinokosha kunyanya kana ari kurwara wacho ane zvimwe zviratidzo zvedengue, zvakadai semapundu kana kuti marwadzo mutsandanyama nemumajoini kana seri kwemaziso.

Chiremba angatora ropa kuti ariongorore. Dengue isingabudisi ropa ingada kurapwa kuri nyore bedzi. Asi kana kuongorora kukaratidza kuti iDHF, vanachiremba vangangokurudzira kuti mvura yomumuviri irambe ichitarisirwa nekungwarira. Izvi zvingabatanidza mvura yekunwa, yakadai seinoshandisirwa manyoka, kana kuti, kana zvanyanyisa, kuisirwa mvura nemutsinga kuchishandiswa mvura yeRinger, mvura yesaline, kana kuti zvimwewo. Pakurapa vane shoku, chiremba anganyora mimwe mishonga inobatsira kuwedzera blood pressure nekudzorera nhamba yemaplatelet pakanaka.

Kana pane kubuda ropa kwakanyanya, vanachiremba vangakurudzira kuisirwa ropa. Vamwe vangakurumidza kukurudzira izvi pasina kurangarira zvimwe zvinogona kuitwa. Zvisinei, kunze kwokuti zvinopesana nomutemo waMwari, kazhinji kacho izvi hazvidikanwi. (Mabasa 15:29) Zvave zvichiitika zvakaratidza kuti kunyatsoita kuti mvura yemuviri ive neuwandu hwakanaka kubva panotanga hosha ndicho chinhu chinokosha zvikurusa mukurapa kwacho. Kushanda pamwe chete kwemurwere nachiremba panhau iyi kunogona kubatsira kudzivisa kubonderana panhau yekuisirwa ropa. Izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekukurumidza kuita chiito apo munhu anofungira DHF.—Ona bhokisi rakanzi “Zviratidzo Zvacho Ndezvipi?”

Matanho Ekudzivirira

Chimwe chezvinotakura vhairasi yedengue zvikurusa umhutu hweAedes aegypti. Rudzi urwu rwunowanzozivikanwa munzvimbo dzinopisa nedzinopisa zvishoma dzepasi. (Ona mepu yabatanidzwa.) Umhutu hweAedes aegypti hunoberekana zvikurusa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawandisa. Kuderedza uwandu hweumhutu ndiyo imwe nzira yekuderedza nayo hosha yacho.

Kuderedza uwandu hweumhutu pasi pose hakusi nyore. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuderedza ngozi yacho pamba pako. Umhutu hunokandira mazai mumvura. Makonye anochechenywa anogona kukurira muchinhu chese chese chinochengeta mvura kwerinenge vhiki, zvakadai sematayi akaraswa, magaba akaraswa, mabhodhoro, kana kuti matemhe. Kubvisa zvinhu zvakadaro kuchashayisa umhutu nzvimbo dzokuberekera. Uyewo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ukwidibire migomo kana magwa. Kubvisa mvura isingayereri inobva mumarata kuchabatsirawo. Nenzira inofadza, mukutanga kwegore rechikoro ra1997/98, dhipatimendi rezveutano muPhilippines harina kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemagaba emaruva mukirasi nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho.

Kana mumwe munhu mumba akabatwa nedengue, torai matanho kuti arege kurumwazve nehumwe umhutu, uhwo hungatakurazve hosha yacho kuvamwe. Chivako chine sefa kana kuti michina inodzora kudziya kwemhepo zvinogona kudzivirira.

Zvakadini nenhomba? Pari zvino nhomba yakakodzera haisati yavapo. Kunzvera kuri kuitwa kuti igadzirwe, asi izvi zvakaoma nekuti kudzivirirwa zvakakwana kungada nhomba inodzivirira marudzi ose mana edengue. Nhomba inodzivirira rudzi rumwe ingatowedzera ngozi yeDHF. Vanzveri vane tariro yokuti nhomba inoshanda ingawanika mumakore mashanu kusvika kugumi.

Vamwe vanzveri vangava vachiedza imwe nzira. Kupfurikidza nekushanda nemavara anogarwa nhaka, vane tariro yekudzivisa vhairasi yedengue kuberekera mumate eumhutu. Kana izvi zvikaitika sekurongwa kwazvakaitwa, umhutu hwakadaro hune mavara anogarwa nhaka akashandwa nawo hwaizopfuudza kuvana vahwo kusatapurwa nedengue. Kunyange zvazvo kufambira mberi kwakati kuti kwakaitika, zvichiri kuda kuoneka kuti zvichabudirira kusvika papi.

Pari zvino, kupedza dengue zvachose kunenge kusingaiti. Asi kutora matanho anoshanda okudzivirira kunogona kukubatsira nevadiwa vako kudzivisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvinoparirwa nedengue—fivha inoparirwa nekurumwa.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 16]

Zviratidzo Zvacho Ndezvipi?

Zviratidzo zvefivha yedengue nefivha yedengue inobudisa ropa (DHF)

• Fivha yakakwira inongoerekana yatanga

• Kubandwa nemusoroa

• Marwadzo seri kwemaziso

• Marwadzo mumajoini netsandanyama

• Mwandabvu

• Mapundu

• Kuneta

Zviratidzo zvevane DHF

• Kungoerekana wawa

• Kubuda ropa muganda

• Kungobuda ropa pose pose

• Ganda rinotonhora, richinama

• Kusagadzikana

• Shoku nekurova kwemwoyo kwakaneta (dengue shock syndrome)

Usanonoka kuona chiremba kana zviratidzo zvikaoneka. Vana kunyanya ndivo vari mungozi

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 17]

Mazano Kuvafambi

Panhambo nenhambo, vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi vanobatwa nedengue, asi fivha yedengue inobudisa ropa haiwanzovabata nekuti rudzi urwu rwakakomba runowanzovapo pakurwara kechipiri. Hezvino zvimwe zvikarakadzo zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo:

• Pfeka shati ine maoko marefu nemudhebhe murefu

• Shandisa mafuta anodzinga umhutu

• Usaende kunzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawandisa

• Gara mukamuri raunogona kuvhara mawindo kuti umhutu husapinde

• Kana ukaita fivha wadzokera kumba, udza chiremba kwawakaenda

[Mepu/Mufananidzo uri papeji 17]

Munowanika “Aedes aegypti,” umhutu hunotakura “dengue”

Nharaunda dzaiva ne“dengue” munguva pfupi yapfuura

Nharaunda dzingangotanga “dengue”

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kwazvakabva: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997

© Dr. Leonard E. Munstermann/Fran Heyl Associates, NYC

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 18]

Mahungangoberekera (1) matayi akaraswa, (2) magata emvura, (3) magaba emaruva, (4) migomo kana kuti mimwe midziyo, (5) magaba akaraswa, (6) zvimudziyo zvakarebenuka

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]

© Dr. Leonard E. Munstermann/Fran Heyl Associates, NYC