Nhamo Huru Zvikuru
Erika ane mwedzi mitanhatu. Zvisinei, uremu hwake nourefu hwake hahuna kunyanya kusiyana nehwemwana ane mwedzi mumwe kana miviri. Pasinei nokuti ane uremu huduku zvikuru, makumbo ake nedumbu zvakazvimba uye chiso chake chakazvimba uye chakaita denderedzwa. Akacheneruka, bvudzi rake rinongodimbuka roga uye rakatsvukuruka, uye ganda rake rakatsemuka-tsemuka. Anoita seakangoneta-neta. Sezvo chiremba anoongorora maziso aErik, anofanira kunyatsongwarira, nokuti maziso ake anogona kukuvara nyore nyore. Zvichida kukura kwepfungwa dzaErik kwakatokanganisika. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti izvi hazvisi kuitika kumwana uyu chete.
“CHINOKONZERA inodarika hafu yokufa kwevana pasi pose—nhamba isina yakaenzana nayo pazvirwere zvose zvinotapukira kubva zvakaitika denda reBlack Death. Asi, hachisi chirwere chinotapukira. Kuparadza kwacho kunosvika kumamiriyoni evanopona asi vachisara varemara, vachibatwa nezvirwere zvose zvose, uye vakuvara mupfungwa. Chinokanganisa vakadzi, mhuri, uye pakupedzisira, kugara zvakanaka kwenzanga dzose.”—The State of the World’s Children, United Nations Children’s Fund.
Mashoko aya ari kutsanangura chirwere chipi? Kushayika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri—kunyanya, kushayika kwemapurotini nezvokudya zvinopa simba (protein-energy malnutrition) (PEM), iyo yakanzi neWorld Health Organization (WHO) “nhamo yakanyarara.” Nhamo iyo ihuru zvakadini? WHO inoti “pamamiriyoni 10,4 evana vanofa gore negore, hafu yacho ndeyechirwere ichi.”
Kushayika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri kunosanganisira zvirwere zvakawanda, kubva pakuondoroka zvichikonzerwa nokushomeka kwechimwe chinhu chinovaka muviri—chakadai semavhitamini uye munyu—kusvika pakufutisa uye zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvokudya. Zvisinei, PEM “ndiyo inouraya zvikuru pazvirwere zvinokonzerwa nokushomeka kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri,” inodaro WHO. Vainonyanya kuuraya vana vane makore ari pasi pemashanu.
Kwechinguva, chimbofunga nezvaErik, ataurwa kwokutanga, uye mamiriyoni evana vanotambura nokushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Havasiri ivo vane mhosva yokuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, uye havakwanisi kubuda mazviri. Chiremba anoona nezvokudya zvevana Georgina Toussaint akaudza Mukai! kuti: “Vaya vanotambura vofa ndivo vasina mhosva asi vanongotambura zvavo vasina kana dziviriro zvayo.”
Vamwe vangafunga kuti dambudziko racho haritiziki—kuti hapana zvokudya zvinokwana munhu wose. Kusiyana neizvi, maererano neWHO, “nhasi tiri kurarama munyika ine zvakawanda.” Kune zvokudya zvakakwana nokuda kwomunhu wose ari pasi pano—kuchisara zvimwe. Uyezve, kushayika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri ndicho chirwere chiri nyore zvikuru kudzivisa uye chakachipa zvikuru kurapa. Chokwadi ichi hachiiti kuti unzwe hasha here?
Ndivanaani Vanotambura?
Vana handivo chete vanoshaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Maerererano nomushumo weWHO waJuly 2001, “kushayika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri kuri kubata vanhu vazhinji, kuchitambudza vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni 800—zvikamu 20 kubva muzana zvevanhu vose vari munyika dzichiri kusimukira.” Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumwe chete pavanhu 8 pasi pano anotambura nakwo.
Kunyange zvazvo nhamba huru yevanhu vari kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri ichiwanika muAsia—kunyanya kunharaunda dzokumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati—nhamba huru yevanhu ava iri muAfrica. Dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira muLatin America neCaribbean ndidzo dzinotevera.
Nyika dzakabudirira hadzina kushomeka kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri here? Kwete. Maererano neThe State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001, mamiriyoni 11 evanhu vanogara munyika dzakabudirira anotambura nokushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Mamwezve mamiriyoni 27 evanhu asina zvokudya zvinovaka muviri anogara munyika dzinonzi dziri pakati pokusimukira nokubudirira sedziya dziri kuEastern Europe uye dzakanga dzakaumba Soviet Union.
Nei kushayika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri rava dambudziko guru zvakadaro? Pane chingaitwa here kuti vanhu vasiri kuwana zvokudya zvinovaka muviri vave pari nani iye zvino? Pasi redu richazombova risina dambudziko rokushayika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri here? Nyaya dzinotevera dzichapindura mibvunzo iyi.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Harisi zita rake chairo.
[Chati/Mepu iri papeji 4]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
NYIKA DZINE VANHU VARI PANGOZI YOKUSHAYA ZVOKUDYA ZVINOVAKA MUVIRI
NGOZI HURU
NGOZI IRI PAKATI NEPAKATI
NGOZI DUKU
HAPANA NGOZI KANA KUTI HAPANA MASHOKO AKAKWANA
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]
Kumirira ruyamuro rwezvokudya muSudan
[Kwazvakatorwa]
UN/DPI Photo by Eskinder Debebe