Sione Militoni Mole ʻEne Tohi Fakamatalá

ʻOKU tātātaha ke ʻi ai ha tokotaha faʻu-tohi ʻe maongo lahi pehē ki he māmani takatakai ʻiate iá ʻo hangē ko Sione Militoni, ko e faʻu-tohi ʻo e foʻi maau lōloa faka-Pilitānia ko e Paradise Lost. Fakatatau ki he lau ʻa e faipiokālafi ʻe taha, ko Militoní “naʻe ʻofaʻi ʻe he tokolahi, fehiʻanekinaʻi ʻe he niʻihi, ka ko e tokosiʻi pē naʻe ʻikai te nau ʻiloʻi iá.” ʻI he aʻu mai ki he ʻaho ní, ko e ʻū tohi mo e tōʻonga fakafonua faka-Pilitāniá ʻoku nau moʻuaʻaki ʻa e meʻa lahi ki heʻene ʻū tohí.

Naʻe anga-fēfē ʻa e hoko ʻo maʻu ʻe Sione Militoni ha fuʻu tākiekina peheé? Ko e hā naʻá ne ʻai ʻene tohi fakaʻosí—On Christian Doctrine​—ke fai ai ha fuʻu fekīhiaki lahi ʻo tuku taʻepulusi ai ʻi he taʻu ʻe 150?

Ko Hono Muʻaki Ngaahi ʻAhó

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Sione Militoni ki ha fāmili tuʻumālie ʻi Lonitoni ʻi he 1608. “Naʻe teuʻi au ʻe heʻeku tamaí mei heʻeku kei siʻí ki hono ako ʻo e ʻū tohí, ʻa ia naʻá ku manako lahi ai he ʻi hoku taʻu hongofulu-mā-uá naʻe tātātaha ke tuku ʻeku akó kau mohe ki muʻa ʻi he tuʻapoó,” ko e manatu ia ʻa Militoní. Naʻe lelei ʻaupito ʻa hono tuʻunga fakaakó pea naʻá ne maʻu ha mataʻitohi M.A. ʻi Cambridge i he 1632. Hili iá, naʻá ne hokohoko atu hono lau ʻa e ʻū tohi hisitōliá mo e ʻū tohi faka-Kalisi mo faka-Loma motuʻá.

Naʻe loto ʻa Militoni ke ne hoko ko ha tokotaha faʻu-maau, ka ko ʻIngilani ʻi hono taimí naʻe fāinga mamahi ia mo e liukava. Ko e Fale Aleá, ʻi hono taki tautefito ʻe ʻŌliva Kolomueli, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ha fakamaauʻanga naʻe tautea mate ai ʻa Tuʻi Sālesi I ʻi he 1649. ʻI hono ngāueʻaki ʻo ha fakamatala fakalotoʻi naʻe taukapoʻi ʻe Militoni ʻa e meʻa ko eni naʻe faí ʻo ne hoko ai ko ha tangata-lea maʻá e puleʻanga ʻo Kolomuelí. Ko hono moʻoní, ki muʻa ke ne aʻusia ʻa e tuʻunga ongoongoa ko ha tokotaha faʻu-māú, ne ʻosi ʻiloa pē ʻa Sione Militoni ia ʻi heʻene ngaahi tuleki fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikí mo fakamōlalé.

Hili hono toe fakafoki mai ʻo e puleʻanga fakatuʻí fakataha mo hono hilifaki kalauni ʻo Sālesi II ʻi he 1660, ko e poupou ki muʻa ʻa Militoni kia Kolomuelí naʻe ʻai ai ʻene moʻuí ki he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki. Naʻe hola ʻa Militoni ʻo toi, pea ko e tokoni pē ʻa hono ngaahi kaumeʻa maʻu mafaí naʻá ne hao ai mei he maté. ʻI he meʻá ni kotoa, naʻá ne kei tauhi maʻu pē ha hehema mālohi ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalaumālié.

“Ko e Meʻa Fua ʻa e Tohi Tapú”

ʻI hono fakamatalaʻi ʻa ʻene muʻaki mahuʻingaʻia he meʻa fakalaumālié, naʻe tohi ʻe Militoni: “Naʻá ku kamata ʻaki ʻeku līʻoa heʻeku kei tamasiʻí ʻi hano ako tōtōivi ʻo e Fuakava Motuʻá mo e Fuakava Foʻoú ʻi hona muʻaki ngaahi leá.” Naʻe hoko ʻa Militoni ʻo vakai ki he Tohi Tapu Māʻoniʻoní ko e tataki papau pē ia ʻe taha ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakaeʻulungāangá mo fakalaumālié. Ka ko ʻene sivisiviʻi ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakateolosia naʻe tali ʻi hono taimí naʻá ne hoko ai ʻo loto-mamahi lahi. “Naʻá ku fakakaukau heʻikai lava ke u fakafalala moʻoni ʻeku tuí pe ko ʻeku ʻamanaki ki he fakamoʻuí ki ha ngaahi tataki pehē,” ko ʻene tohi ia naʻe fai ki mui. ʻI he fakapapauʻi ke fua papau ʻa ʻene tuí “mei he meʻa fua ʻa e Tohi Tapú,” naʻe kamata ai ke lisi fakahokohoko mai ʻe Militoni ʻa e ngaahi konga Tohi Tapu tefito ʻi lalo ʻi he ngaahi ʻuluʻi kaveinga lalahí pea hiki-lea mai ʻa e ngaahi konga Tohi Tapu mei he ngaahi lisi fakahokohoko ko ení.

ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻoku manatua lelei taha ai ʻa Sione Militoni ʻi heʻene faʻu ʻa e Paradise Lost, ʻa ia ko ha foʻi maau naʻe toe fakamatalaʻi ai ʻa e talanoa Fakatohitapu ki he tō ʻa e tangatá mei he tuʻunga haohaoá. (Senesi, vahe 3) ʻOku meimei ko e tohi ko ení, ʻa ia naʻe ʻuluaki pulusi ʻi he 1667, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Militoni ʻa e tuʻunga ongoongoa ʻi he faʻu-tohí, tautefito ʻi he māmani lea faka-Pilitāniá. Naʻá ne pulusi ki mui ha hoko atu ʻo e foʻi māú naʻe fakakaveinga ko e Paradise Regained. Ko e ongo māú ni ʻoku ʻomai ai ʻa e muʻaki taumuʻa ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he tangatá—ke fiefia ʻi he moʻui haohaoa ʻi ha palataisi fakaemāmani—pea fakahaaʻi ai ʻa hono toe fakafoki mai ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e Palataisí ki he māmaní fakafou ʻia Kalaisi. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi he Paradise Lost, ʻoku tomuʻa tala ai ʻe Maikeli ko e ʻāngelo-pulé ʻa e taimi ʻa ia ʻe hanga ai ʻe Kalaisi ʻo “fakapaleʻi ʻa ʻEne kau faitōnungá, pea ʻoange kia kinautolu ʻa e fiefia taʻengata, ʻi hēvani pe ʻi māmani, he ʻe hoko ʻa e māmaní kotoa he taimi ko iá ko e palataisi, ko ha feituʻu fiefia lahi mamaʻo ange ia ʻi he ʻĪteni ko ení, mo e ngaahi ʻaho fiefia lahi ange.

ʻI he Tokāteline Faka-Kalisitiané

ʻI ha ngaahi taʻu, naʻe toe loto ai ʻa Militoni ke ne faʻu ha tohi ʻe lāulea lahi ai ki he moʻui mo e tokāteline faka-Kalisitiané. Neongo ʻene hoko ʻo kui ʻaupito ʻi he 1652, naʻá ne ngāue mālohi ki he foʻi ngāué ni fakataha mo e tokoni ʻa e kau sekelitali ʻo aʻu ki heʻene maté ʻi he 1674. Naʻe fakakaveinga ʻe Militoni ʻene tohi fakaʻosí ko e A Treatise on Christian Doctrine Compiled From the Holy Scriptures Alone. ʻI heʻene talateú, naʻá ne tohi ai: “Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau faʻu-tohi kuo nau ngāue ki he kaveingá ni . . . kuo nau fai pē ha kiʻi fakamatala ʻi he tafaʻakí, fakataha mo e lave nounou ki he vahé mo e vēsí, ʻa e ngaahi konga Tohi Tapu ʻoku fakafalala fakaʻaufuli ki ai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku nau akoʻí. Ko au, ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, kuó u feinga mālohi ke fakafonu ʻeku ngaahi pēsí ke hakeʻuta, ʻi he ngaahi lea ko e toʻo mei he ngaahi konga kotoa ʻo e Tohi Tapú.” ʻI he moʻoni ʻo e lea ʻa Militoní, ko e On Christian Doctrine ʻoku lave pe hiki ai ʻa e ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapú ʻo laka hake he tuʻo 9,000.

Neongo naʻe ʻikai toumoua ki muʻa ʻa Militoni ke fakahāhā ʻene fakakaukaú, naʻá ne taʻotaʻofi hono pulusi ʻo e fakamatala ko ení. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? Ko e meʻa ʻe taha, naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ko e ngaahi fakamatala Fakatohitapu ʻi he tohí naʻe kehe ʻaupito ia mei he akonaki naʻe tali ʻe he siasí. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻi hono toe fakafoki mai ʻa e pule fakatuʻí, naʻe ʻikai tali lelei ia ʻe he puleʻangá. Ko ia ʻoku pau naʻá ne tatali ki ha ngaahi taimi ʻe nonga hifo ai ʻa e tuʻunga taʻemanongá. Ko e hā pē ʻa e tuʻungá, ʻi he hili ʻa e mate ʻa Militoní, naʻe ʻave ʻe heʻene sekelitalí ʻa e maniusikilipi faka-Latiná ki ha faipulusi, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakafisi ke paaki ia. Ko e sekelitali Pilitānia ʻa e puleʻangá he taimi ko iá naʻá ne faʻao fakamālohi ʻa e maniusikilipí ʻo tauhi ʻi ha faile. Naʻe ʻosi mei ai ha senituli ʻe taha mo e konga pea toki ʻiloʻi ʻa e tohi fakamatala ʻa Militoní.

ʻI he 1823, naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻe ha kalake ʻa e maniusikilipi ʻo e maau ʻiloá ʻa ia naʻe kofukofuʻi. Ko Tuʻi Siaosi IV ne pule ʻi ʻIngilani he taimi ko iá naʻá ne tuʻutuʻuni ke liliu ʻa e maau ko ení mei he faka-Latiná pea ʻai ke ʻiloʻi. ʻI hono pulusi ʻi he lea faka-Pilitāniá ʻi he taʻu ʻe ua ki mui aí, naʻe langaʻi ʻe he maniusikilipí ʻa e fekīhiaki lahi ʻi he ngaahi kulupu fakateolosiá mo faʻu-tohí. Naʻe talaki he taimi pē ko iá ʻe he pīsope ʻe taha ko e maniusikilipí ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he tuʻunga kākā, ʻo ne fakafisi ke tui ko Militoni—ʻa ia naʻe vakai ki ai ʻa e tokolahi ko e moʻungaʻi tangata faʻu-maau fakalotu lahi taha ʻi ʻIngilaní—naʻe lava ke ne siʻaki mālohi ʻa e ngaahi tokāteline kuo koloaʻaki ʻe he siasí. ʻI he tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻe ʻi ai ha tali pehē pea ʻi hono fakapapauʻi ko e faʻu-tohí ko Militoní, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he tokotaha liliú ʻi he pulusingá ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ʻi lalo ʻo fakaikiiki ai ʻa e ngaahi faitatau ʻe 500 ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e On Christian Doctrine mo e Paradise Lost.a

Ngaahi Tui ʻa Militoni

ʻI he aʻu mai ki he taimi ʻo Militoní, ne tali lelei ai ʻi ʻIngilani ʻa e Fakalelei-Lotu Palotisaní pea kuo mavahe ia mei he Siasi Katolika Lomá. Naʻe tui fakalūkufua ʻa e kau Palotisaní ko e tuʻunga mafai ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fekauʻaki mo e tuí mo e ʻulungāangá naʻe haʻu pē ia mei he Tohi Tapu Māʻoniʻoní ʻo ʻikai mei he tuʻitapú. Neongo ia, ʻi he On Christian Doctrine, naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻe Militoni ko e ngaahi akonaki mo e tōʻonga faka-Palotisani lahi naʻe ʻikai foki ke fehoanaki ia mo e Tohi Tapú. ʻI he ngaahi makatuʻunga Fakatohitapú, naʻá ne siʻaki ʻa e tokāteline ʻa Kalavini fekauʻaki mo e tomuʻa fakatufakangaʻí ʻi hono poupouʻi ʻo e tauʻatāina ke filí. Naʻá ne pouaki ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ʻi he tuʻunga fakaʻapaʻapa ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻa e Sihová, ʻo ngāueʻaki tauʻatāina ia ʻi heʻene ngaahi tohí.

Naʻe fakakikihiʻi Fakatohitapu ʻe Militoni ko e soulu fakaetangatá ʻoku lava ke mate ia. ʻI he fakamatala ki he Senesi 2:​7, naʻá ne tohi: “ʻI hono fakatupu ʻa e tangatá ʻi he founga ko ení, naʻe fakamulituku ʻaki ai ʻo pehē: ko ia naʻe hoko ai ʻa e tangatá ko ha soulu moʻui. . . . ʻOku ʻikai ke ne ua pe māvahevahe: ʻo ʻikai hangē ko ia ʻoku failahia ʻa e fakakaukau ki aí, ke tupu pea faʻu mei he ʻelemēniti kehekehe mo māvahevahe ʻe ua, ko e soulu mo e sino. ʻI hono kehé, ko e tangat kakató ʻa e soulú, pea ko e soulú ʻa e tangatá.” Naʻe ʻomai leva ʻe Militoni ʻa e foʻi fehuʻi: “ʻOku mate ʻa e tangata kakató, pe ko e sinó pē?” Hili hono ʻomai ʻa e ngaahi konga Tohi Tapu kehekehe ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku mate ʻa e tangata kakató, naʻá ne tānaki mai: “Ka ko e fakamatala fakatuipau taha ʻoku lava ke u ʻoatu ki he mate ʻa e soulú ko e fakamatala ʻa e ʻOtuá tonu, ʻi he Isikeli 18:20: Ko e soulu ʻoku faiangahalá ko ia ia ʻe maté.” Naʻe toe lave ʻa Militoni ki he ngaahi konga tohi hangē ko e Luke 20:37 mo e Sione 11:25 ke fakahaaʻi ko e ʻamanaki ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangata kuo nau maté ʻoku fakatefito ia ʻi ha toetuʻu ʻi he kahaʻú mei he mohe ʻi he maté.

Ko e hā naʻá ne ueʻi ʻa e fakafeangai mālohi taha ki he On Christian Doctrine? Ko e fakamoʻoni Fakatohitapu faingofua kae mālohi ʻa Militoni ʻo pehē ko Kalaisi, ʻa e ʻAlo ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻoku māʻulalo ia ʻi he ʻOtuá, ʻa e Tamaí. Hili ʻene lave ki he Sione 17:3 mo e Sione 20:​17, ʻoku ʻeke ʻe Militoni: “Kapau ko e Tamaí ʻa e ʻOtua ʻo Kalaisí pea ko hotau ʻOtuá, pea kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻOtua pē taha, ko hai ʻe lava ke hoko ko e ʻOtua tuku kehe ʻa e Tamaí?”

ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe Militoni: “Ko e ʻAló tonu mo ʻene kau ʻapositoló ʻoku nau fakahaaʻi ʻi he meʻa kotoa pē ʻoku nau leaʻaki mo tohí ko e Tamaí ʻoku lahi ange ia ʻi he ʻAló ʻi he meʻa kotoa pē.” (Sione 14:28) “Ko e moʻoni ko Kalaisi ia ʻokú ne pehē ʻi he Mt. xxvi. 39: ʻA ʻeku Tamai, kapau ʻe malava, tuku ke matolo atu ʻa e ipú ni meiate au, kae kehe, ke ʻoua ʻe fai ki hoku lotó, ka ki ho finangaló. . . . Ko e hā ʻokú ne lotu ai ki he Tamaí pē tokotaha, kae ʻikai kiate ia tonu, kapau ko e moʻoni ko e ʻOtuá ia? Kapau ko iá tonu ko e tangata mo e ʻOtua aoniu fakatouʻosi, ko e hā ʻokú ne toe lotu ai ʻo kole ha meʻa ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi hono mafai ʻoʻoná? . . . Hangē pē ko e ʻofaʻi mo e fakalāngilangiʻi ʻe he ʻAló ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē ʻa e Tamaí pē toko taha, ʻoku pehē ʻene akoʻi kitautolu ke tau fai ʻa e meʻa tatau.”

Ngaahi Ngataʻanga ʻo Militoní

Naʻe fekumi ʻa Militoni ki he moʻoní. Kae kehe, naʻá ne kei moʻulaloa pē ki he ngaahi ngataʻanga fakaetangatá, pea ko e niʻihi ʻo ʻene ngaahi fakakaukaú naʻe tākiekina nai ia ʻe he ngaahi hokosia ʻikai lelei. Hangē ko ení, ʻikai fuoloa mei heʻena malí, ko hono malí, ko e ʻofefine kei siʻi ʻo ha tokotaha maʻu tofiʻa, naʻá ne liʻaki ia ʻo ne foki ki hono fāmilí ʻi he taʻu nai ʻe tolu. Lolotonga ʻa e taimi ko ení, naʻe hiki ai ʻe Militoni ʻa e ngaahi tuleki ʻo fakatonuhiaʻi ai ʻa e vete malí, ʻo ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e taʻemateaki fakaemalí—ʻa e tuʻunga pē taha naʻe ʻomai ʻe Sīsuú—kae toe pehē foki ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e ʻikai hoamālié. (Mātiu 19:9) Naʻe pouaki ʻe Militoni ʻa e fakakaukau tatau ʻi he On Christian Doctrine.

Neongo ʻa e ngaahi tōnounou ʻa Militoní, ʻoku ʻomai mālohi ʻe he On Christian Doctrine ʻa e vakai Fakatohitapú ʻi ha ngaahi akonaki mahuʻinga ʻoku lahi. Aʻu mai ki he ʻahó ni, ko ʻene tohi fakamatalá ʻokú ne ʻai ʻa ʻene kau lautohí ke nau fakafuofua ʻenau tuí mei he meʻa fua taʻetoehala ko e Tohi Tapu Māʻoniʻoní.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

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Ko Militoní ko ha tokotaha ako vēkeveke ia ʻo e Tohi Tapú

[Maʻuʻanga]

Courtesy of The Early Modern Web at Oxford

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Ko e maau “Paradise Lost” naʻe ongoongoa ai ʻa Militoni

[Maʻuʻanga]

Courtesy of The Early Modern Web at Oxford

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Ko e tohi fakaʻosi ʻa Militoní naʻe puli ia ʻo feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe 150

[Maʻuʻanga]

Image courtesy of Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina

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Image courtesy of Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina