Ukubuka Okwezwe

Itiye Elibulala Amagciwane

I-Reuters Health Information ibika ukuthi ucwaningo olwethulwe ezindaweni zokuhlola lubonisa ukuthi “izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinkambi zetiye zibonakala zikwazi ukunqanda noma ukubulala amagciwane.” Izinhlobo eziningana zezinkambi eziluhlaza nezimnyama, ezivamile nalezo ezenziwa ngamanzi abandayo, zahlolwa ezilwaneni ezazinamagciwane anjenge-herpes simplex 1 no-2 negciwane i-T1. Ngokomcwaningi uDkt. Milton Schiffenbauer wasePace University eNew York, “itiye elibandayo noma itiye elivamile linamandla okubulala noma okunqanda igciwane [le-herpes] phakathi nemizuzu embalwa.” Kwatholakala imiphumela efanayo nangegciwane i-T1. Nakuba kungakacaci kahle ukuthi izinkambi zetiye ziwaphazamisa kanjani la magciwane, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokulihlambulula kakhulu itiye, lalisenamandla. Kwatholakala ukuthi izinkambi ezimnyama zinamandla athé xaxa kunezinkambi eziluhlaza.

Izikweleti Zocingo

Iphephandaba i-Sunday Telegraph libika ukuthi intsha yase-Australia “eneminyaka ngisho nengu-18 ubudala ibika ukuthi ayinamali ngenxa yezindleko ezikhuphuka njalo zomakhalekhukhwini.” Njengoba ithonywa yizikhangiso ezihehayo, futhi kulula ukwenza isikweleti, enye intsha iye yangena ezikweletini zocingo zezinkulungwane zamaRandi. Ekhuluma ngalo mkhuba owandayo phakathi kwentsha, uNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo we-Australian Fair uJohn Watkins wathi: “Enye intsha iphothula esikoleni inezikweleti eziphakeme, nomlando omubi wokukweleta. Kuyindlela edabukisayo yokuqala ukuphila.” Leli phephandaba lisikisela okulandelayo ukuze lisize intsha igweme ukungena ezikweletini: Qiniseka ukuthi uqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi ucingo luzokubiza malini. Cabangela ukuthola umakhalekhukhwini osebenza ngekhadi ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kwesikweleti. Zama ukusebenzisa ucingo lwakho ngezikhathi ezishibhile ukuze unciphise izindleko.

Izingozi Ezicashile EFrance

I-Figaro ibika ukuthi kunamathani alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-1,3 ezikhali eziyingozi zeMpi Yezwe I neyesi-II ezisagqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba eFrance. Le ndawo eyayiyinkundla yempi isagcwele amabhomu amadala neziqhumane zamakhemikhali ezisewusongo kubantu nasemvelweni. Njengoba izindawo ezazingenalutho ngaphambili seziyizindawo zokuhlala noma zezimboni, amaqembu avumbulula amabhomu athola izingcingo eziyizinkulungwane unyaka ngamunye. Noma kunjalo, kuye kwavela izingozi eziningi, futhi kuye kwafa ochwepheshe beziqhumane abangaphezu kuka-600 emsebenzini phakathi kuka-1945 no-1985. Ochwepheshe bathi ngokwezinga umsebenzi ohamba ngalo manje, kungase kuthathe iminyaka engu-700 ukuvumbulula wonke amabhomu!

Amanzi Ezivakashi?

I-Guardian yaseLondon iyabika: “Izindawo eziningi zamaholidi emhlabeni zisebunzimeni bokunakekela izixuku zezivakashi ezithuthelekela kuzo, eziqeda imithombo yamanzi ngoba zifuna amachibi okubhukuda engeziwe nezindawo zokudlala igalofu.” UTricia Barnett we-Tourism Concern uthi: “Le nkinga inkulu futhi isembulungeni yonke. Ngezinye izikhathi uthola umuzana othile [e-Afrika] onompompi owodwa, kanti ihhotela ngalinye linompompi namashawa egumbini ngalinye.” Inhlangano ethile yomhlaba wonke yezokulondolozwa kwemvelo ilinganisela ukuthi isivakashi esiya eSpain sisebenzisa amalitha angu-880 amanzi ngosuku, kuyilapho isakhamuzi sendawo sisebenzisa amalitha angu-250 kuphela. Ibala legalofu elinemigodi engu-18 ezweni elomile lingadla amanzi alingana nasetshenziswa idolobhana elinabantu abangu-10 000. I-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene ilinganisela ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswa yizivakashi eziyikhulu ngezinsuku ezingu-55 anganisela ilayisi elanele ukondla izakhamuzi eziyikhulu iminyaka engu-15.

Izingozi Zokubhema

“Umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-8 abangabhemi owabulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu wabulawa ukuhogela intuthu kagwayi,” kusho uNaohito Yamaguchi we-National Cancer Center Research Institute eJapane. Ososayensi basekela imiphumela yabo ekuhlolweni kwabantu abangu-52 000 ababulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphephandaba i-Asahi Shimbun lithi “ucwaningo olwaziwayo lubonisa ukuthi intuthu kagwayi ehogelwa abanye abantu inomusi onobuthi nezithako ezibangela umdlavuza eziningi kunentuthu ehogelwa ngokuqondile abantu ababhemayo.” Ucwaningo lukahulumeni lwango-1999 eJapane olwaluhilela abantu abangu-14 000 lwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-35 alabo abasemsebenzini noma esikoleni kanye namaphesenti angu-28 alabo abasekhaya ayehogela intuthu kagwayi. UYamaguchi uthi: “Abantu ababhemayo kufanele baqaphele ukuthi balimaza abantu abangabhemi kakhulu kangangokuthi kufanele kwenziwe umzamo oqondile wokuhlukanisa la maqembu amabili.”

Ukuhweba Ngezigqila Namuhla

Njengamanje, “ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwe yisazi saseBrithani lubonisa ukuthi ubugqila bande kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kunakunoma isiphi isikhathi emlandweni wesintu,” kubika i-Independent yaseLondon. Leli phephandaba lithi uprofesa wezokuhlalisana kwabantu uKevin Bales, wase-University of Surrey eRoehampton, “ulinganisela ukuthi kunabantu abayizigidi ezingu-27 abaphila njengezigqila njengamanje, bangaphezu kwababekhona ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma noma phakathi nokuhweba ngezigqila ezazithunyelwa phesheya kwe-Atlantic.” UBales uthi nakuba izindlela zanamuhla zobugqila zingase zihluke kwezaseminyakeni engu-150 edlule, abantu abayizigidi “babuswa abanye abantu ngobudlova noma ngokubasongela ngobudlova futhi abakhokhelwa lutho.” Uhlobo lobugqila oluvame kakhulu namuhla ubugqila besivumelwano, lapho amaqembu ahleliwe ekhokhelwa khona ukuba athumele abantu kwelinye izwe ngesithembiso somsebenzi oholela kahle. Kodwa lapho sezingenile kulelo zwe, izisebenzi ziyaxhashazwa ngokuphoqelelwa ukuba zikhokhe izikweleti zazo ngokwenza imisebenzi elulazayo.

Ukuvivinya Umzimba Kunganciphisa Ukucindezeleka

“Kwezinye iziguli, ukuvivinya umzimba kungase kuphumelele kangcono kunendlela evamile yokwelapha ukucindezeleka ngemithi,” kusho i-Harvard Mental Health Letter, lapho ikhuluma ngocwaningo olwenziwa eDuke University Medical Center e-United States. Amaqembu amathathu abantu abangu-50 abacindezeleke kakhulu elashwa ngezindlela ezingefani izinyanga ezine. Iqembu lokuqala laphuza umuthi oqeda ukucindezeleka, elinye lavivinya umzimba kuphela, kanti elesithathu lakwenza kokubili. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, iziguli ezingamaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-70 kuwo womathathu la maqembu “zazingasenaso isifo sokucindezeleka,” kusho i-Health Letter. Nokho, phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokulandelelwa, iziguli ezazelashwe ngokuvivinya umzimba “zaziphile kangcono ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba; izinga lokubuya kwesifo sazo lalingamaphesenti angu-8 kuphela.” Lokhu kwakuhlukile kumaphesenti angu-38 kulabo abaphuza umuthi namaphesenti angu-31 kulabo abavivinya umzimba baphuza nemithi.

Izixhobo ZaseJamaica Ziyavuseleleka?

Kubonakala sengathi ama-sea urchin angasogwini lweJamaica olusenyakatho asebuya ngezinkani, kusho isihloko kuyi-Dallas Morning News. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “ososayensi bathola ama-coral amaningi amancane, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo eziqinile ezakha izixhobo, echuma kanye nama-sea urchin.” Lezi zixhobo bezilokhu ziwohloka kusukela uhlobo lwe-sea urchin okuthiwa i-Diadema antillarum lwashabalala ngokungazelelwe ngo-1983 no-1984. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-sea urchin zidla ukhula lwasolwandle, olungabhubhisa izixhobo zama-coral uma luyekwa. Nokho, leli phephandaba libika ukuthi “ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi i-Diadema isibuye ngezinkani, kanti nama-coral kungenzeka enza okufanayo.” Isazi sezinto zasolwandle uNancy Knowlton sithi lokhu kuvuseleleka kwezixhobo “kuyizindaba ezinhle kakhulu eziphathelene nezixhobo zaseCaribbean emashumini eminyaka.”

Izilwane Zasolwandle Zibulawa Ubuthi Bezigaxa Zepulasitiki

Umagazini i-New Scientist uyabika: “Izilwane zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke zibulawa ubuthi bezigaxa zepulasitiki ezintanta olwandle.” Izinkampani zamakhemikhali zithumela izithako zawo ziyizigaxa ezincane kubakhiqizi emhlabeni wonke, abafike bazincibilikise benze imikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Kodwa-ke, izinkulungwane zamathani alezi zigaxa zingena olwandle zivela kudoti wasefektri noma wasedolobheni kanye nasempahleni elahlwa yimikhumbi olwandle. Abacwaningi baseTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology eJapane bathola ukuthi lezi zigaxa ziqukethe izithako ezinamandla zamakhemikhali anobuthi eziwamunca olwandle—amakhemikhali alimaza izimiso zezilwane zokuzivikela ezifweni, zenzalo nezama-hormone. Izinyoni, izinhlanzi nezimfudu zidla lezi zigaxa, zicabanga ukuthi zingamaqanda ezinhlanzi noma okunye ukudla, ngakho kungase kube nemiphumela eyingozi engaziwa nakwezinye izilwane.